Efficient cultivation techniques of Dictyophora

The bamboo sun fungus, known as the "Flower of Fungi" and "King of Beijing Fruit", was used as a tribute to Gongyan in ancient times, and is now a famous dish in the state banquet and other high-end banquets in China. Dictyophora is rich in protein, amino acids (8 kinds of essential amino acids for human body), vitamins and polysaccharides, delicious taste and antiseptic effect. In medicine, it has weight loss, health care and tonifying functions, and can prevent and treat cancer. Therefore, Dictyophora is a valuable health food for both food and medicine and a traditional foreign exchange earning commodity in China.

Preparation of cultivated raw materials

1. Types of cultivation materials

The main raw materials for the cultivation of Dictyophora are rotten bamboo, waste bamboo, bamboo leaves under the bamboo circle in the decomposed or semi-decomposed state, sawdust, bagasse, wheat husk; where possible, agricultural and sideline straw such as corn straw, wheat straw and Polly straw can also be mixed with bamboo. Drive out the tree, green tree can be used as a section of wood cultivation.

2. Cultivation material treatment.

Before cultivation, spread the raw materials in the sun for 3-4 days, split and grow ll-22cm (outdoor forest cultivation can be cut into bamboo pieces below lm) width 1-2cm bamboo. Then soak in 1-3% lime water for 5-6 days, pick it up and rinse with clean water, cool and dry for use. After turning bamboo leaves and soil for 3-4 days, disinfect them with a mixture of 1.5% formalin and 0.3-0.5% dichlorvos. Every cubic meter of bamboo leaves or soil is mixed with 27-30 liters of disinfectant and stirred while spraying. Make the medicine mix well, cover the film, cover the soil for 4-5 days, remove the film after 1-3 days, spread out, let the medicine volatilize for 1-2 days, so that it can be used. The covered soil cultivated in the forest can not be disinfected.

Disinfection treatment of mushroom house and cultivation container

The mushroom house can be used for general mushroom cultivation. The bed frame can be made of iron, plastic or bamboo. Plastic boxes, wooden cases and flower bowls can also be used for box planting and pot planting. Before cultivation, clean the mushroom room thoroughly and spray it with 0.5% trichlorfon solution plus 0.1% carbendazim or 0.5% bleaching powder solution. On the inside, wipe the bed frame with 5% lime water or 5% bleach. Then fumigate with formalin to close the window for one day and night, then hit a mushroom room for a week and then use it. After the cultivation box and bowl are washed with clean water, wipe the inner and outer surfaces with 0.5 his potassium permanganate solution. Set aside.

Cultivation techniques of Dictyophora

1. Block cultivation

It is a method of digging out the cultivated species of Dictyophora from bottles or bags, pressing them into clumps and cultivating them with soil mulch. The characteristic is that the mushroom is produced early and concentrated, so that the cultivation period is short, but the amount of seed is larger.

(1) dig the bottle and press the block. The time for digging bottles and pressing blocks in Chengdu can be from April to May in the first half of the year. The newly grown Dictyophora is cultivated. Dig it out of the bottle (bag) and use a wooden frame (specification 40 × 40 × 12cm), which is the same as the wooden frame used for pressing Lentinus edodes. Scrubbed with 5% lime water or 5 ‰ potassium permanganate solution before use.) Make a cultivation block that is a little thinner around the middle, each with about 12 bottles of seed. Be careful not to press too tightly so as not to damage the mycelium too much.

(2) mycelium healing. After pressing the block, remove the wooden frame, first cover a piece of sterilized dry newspaper, put the bacterial block on the sterilized film, and wrap it up, the space between the pieces is 4-5cm, put it on the bed frame, moisturize and culture for about 15-20 days, the mycelium will heal again.

(3) covering soil. After the hyphae healed, cover the bamboo leaves with 1-2cm thick leaves above the mycelia and continue to culture for 5-10 days. When the hyphae covered more than 80% of the leaf layer, cover the soil 2-4cm thick in time.

(4) Management. The optimal conditions for the growth and development of Dictyophora were met mainly by adjusting the substrate, soil water content, temperature in the mushroom room, air temperature, ventilation and light conditions, so as to achieve high and stable yield. Generally, under the condition of 80% relative air temperature, 16-20 ℃ air temperature and 3-105Lux light after soil cover, about 1-2 months (the earliest 24 days or so), and then the bud begins to appear.

① water management. The soil water content of the overlying soil layer is controlled at 20-30%. If the soil water content is too large, the hyphae will climb on the surface of the soil layer, the surface will differentiate into primordia in the soil layer, and the number of buds is small, which can not achieve the purpose of high yield. The relative humidity of the air in the mushroom room is kept at about 80%. In the growth stage, the relative air temperature is raised to 85-90%, otherwise, the air measurement is too low and the soil moisture is easy to be lost; if the temperature is too high, it is easy to cause the reproduction of miscellaneous bacteria, especially slime mold. The sprinkler should be upward when watering to avoid damaging the upper bud.

② temperature control. In case of high temperature, lower the temperature by opening the doors and windows to avoid hot mushroom buds; at low temperatures, close the doors and windows tightly and install a heating device if possible to increase the temperature of the mushroom room so as to prevent the mushroom buds from freezing to death.

③ is ventilated. Open doors and windows 2-3 times a day, ventilate for 10-20 minutes each time, so that fresh air can enter the mushroom room to meet the needs of growth and development.

Prevention and control of ④ miscellaneous bacteria and insect pests. This work should give priority to prevention. If myxomycetes and parasite bacteria have been found on the mushroom bed, they should be removed in time and sprinkled with a layer of dry lime powder to control their spread. If mushroom flies, waxes, charisma and nematodes are found to be harmful, dichlorvos should be sprayed to eliminate them, but be careful not to harm the mushroom buds. Screen windows and doors should be installed in the mushroom room to prevent rats from entering the mushroom room and harming Dictyophora.

2. Direct seeding bed planting

It refers to the cultivation method of sowing and covering soil by spreading the treated bamboo material directly on the mushroom bed. It has the characteristics of large area of mushroom production, large area cultivation of mushroom rack, and the utilization rate of mushroom house is more effective than that of pot cultivation, but the period of cultivation is longer than that of block cultivation.

(1) cutting and sowing. A large sterilized plastic film is spread on the bedstead, and several small holes are opened at the bottom of the film to facilitate the flow of excess water. Then loading and unloading, sowing, filling one layer of material and sowing one layer of seed, a total of three layers of bacteria. Try to make the strain block sandwiched between the bamboo blocks, the seed materials are closely attached to each other, and the top layer is covered with a thin layer of bamboo leaves. 20 kg of material per square meter, 3-4 bottles of seed. After sowing, watering, then covered with plastic film, moisturizing culture.

(2) coverage. When the strain block is revived and grows, the silk basically grows all over the material surface, cover the soil in time, and the thickness of the soil layer is 2-4cm.

(3) Management. The management method is the same as that of block cultivation.

3. Direct sowing box (pot) planting

The use of plastic around the rotating box, wooden box, flower pot and other containers, direct feeding and sowing for cultivation. When planting in a box, the bottom of the box is covered with plastic film and water holes are left, then the pebbles with 2-3cm thickness are laid on the bottom, the vegetable garden soil with 2cm thickness is laid on the pebbles, and the soil layer is covered with bacteria. The method of stuffing sowing is the same as that of direct bed planting. If the specification is 15 × 31 × 14 cubic centimeters, the material can be paved with 4 kg dry weight, using 2 bottles per box. You don't need film when planting. The measures of water control and temperature regulation of cultivation management are the same as those of block cultivation.