Planting techniques of eggplant

Eggplant seedling raising

1. Determination of seedling raising place and sowing date: eggplant in winter and spring in solar greenhouse in Shanxi Province is generally sown in the middle of October. In order to be on the market early, eggplant needs to cultivate large seedlings with longer seedling age, usually 90-100 days old.

2. Seed soaking and sprouting: first, put the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water, using 5-6 times as much water as the seeds, stirring constantly, and keep 55 ℃ water temperature for 10-15 minutes, then soak the seeds in the natural drop water temperature for 8-12 hours. Eggplant seed coat is thick and difficult to absorb water. If the seed is more difficult to germinate without full fermentation, it should be washed with 0, 2-0, 5% lye and scrubbed repeatedly with clean water until the seed coat is clean and mucus-free. You can also soak the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes before soaking seeds. In the process of soaking the seeds, change the water every 5-8 hours. When the seeds are fully absorbed, rinse them out with clean water, wrap them with multi-layer wet cloth or sack cloth, put them in a container after getting rid of the water, and put them in a warm place to promote germination. The suitable temperature for eggplant germination is 25-35 ℃. Due to the uneven temperature and oxygen in the germination bag with different seed maturity, it is best to use variable temperature for germination. The optimum temperature for germination is 30 ℃ for 8 hours and 20 ℃ for 16 hours. After 5-6 days, 75% of the seeds are white and sprout neatly. The seed bag should be turned frequently during budding to facilitate the gas exchange of the seed coat.

3, sowing: eggplant growth requires a higher temperature, the greenhouse had better use the sowing box sowing, this method can be moved at will, easy to adjust the temperature and light. First spread a layer of 3 cm thick nutritious soil in the sowing box; pour enough water for the first time, then sprinkle a layer of fine soil, sow or trench sow the seeds, cover 1 cm thick fine soil after sowing, and then cover with plastic film, and remove the seeds when they are unearthed.

4. Seedling stage management: 25-30 ℃ at room temperature after sowing, uniform light, and emergence after 5-6 days. After 80% of the buds were unearthed, the room temperature was lowered to 20-25 ℃ during the day and 20 ℃ at night. When the bud was more than 28 ℃, the ventilation rate should not be too large or too fierce. Stop letting out when the room temperature drops to about 20 ℃. When the cotyledons have expanded and the first true leaf spits out, it can increase the room temperature by 25-27 ℃ during the day, 16-18 ℃ at night and 18-20 ℃ at night, promoting the true leaf to grow smoothly until it is transplanted. Under the condition of sufficient soil water, eggplant grew and developed well, when there was insufficient water, the flower bud differentiated late, the fruiting period was delayed, and the early yield decreased. Eggplant must be fully watered with bottom water before sowing and transplantation. later, according to the growth of seedlings, appropriate water can be replenished to meet the needs of its growth. Eggplant seedlings require strict light conditions, sufficient light is not only conducive to flower bud differentiation, but also make the growth and development of eggplant seedlings proceed smoothly. When the light is insufficient, the flower buds differentiate late, the seedlings grow excessively and abnormal flowers appear, which directly affect the formation of yield. In order to improve the lighting conditions, the seedling box can be tilted to the south to strive for light. Increasing the area of nutrition paper bags for transplantation, the discharge density is reasonable, and it can also improve the lighting conditions.

5. Transplantation: eggplant root regeneration ability is poor, new roots are difficult to occur, generally only in 2-3 true leaves of seedlings, flower bud differentiation has not yet begun, one-time transplantation to nutrition paper bags. Using nutritious paper bags to raise seedlings is a better way to protect eggplant roots, but pay attention to adding more nitrogen fertilizer when preparing nutritious soil. Pour enough water in the nutrition paper bag 1-2 days before transplantation, and the wet at the bottom of the paper bag shall prevail. When transplanting, shake the seedlings out of the loose soil in the sowing box and plant them in a nutritious paper bag along the root. Do not bend. When planting eggplant, the criteria for strong seedlings are: seedling height 18-20 cm, 6-7 leaves, door eggplant has more than 70% bud, stout stem, purple, well-developed root system.

Colonization

1. Before planting, 5000 kg per mu of base fertilizer is applied, and after deep turning and raking, a high ridge with a width of 60-65 cm and a height of 15 cm is made, then two shallow trenches are opened on the ridge and sufficient bottom water is watered. After the water seeps down, it is planted according to the requirement of plant spacing of 30-40 cm, and then the soil is taken from the middle of the two shallow ditches on the high ridge to seal the ditch. The planting depth should be the same as that of Miaotuo. 3000-4000 seedlings were planted per mu.

2. the planting time should choose the warming period just after the cold snap. According to the law of climatic conditions in the north, choosing this planting period can ensure that the seedlings can maintain sunny weather within 3-5 days after planting, which is helpful to slow down the seedlings. The planting should be carried out during the high temperature period from 10 to 14:00 on the day of planting.

Administration and Management

1. The biggest difficulty after planting eggplant is the lack of ground temperature, so it is necessary to strengthen cold prevention and heat preservation in the low temperature season after planting. Keep the room temperature above 30 ℃ 7-10 days after planting, so as to increase the ground temperature, supplement the night temperature and slow down the seedlings as soon as possible. And try to keep the ground temperature stable at 16-18 ℃. After the slow seedling stage, the plant begins to grow normally, and attention should be paid to opening the curtain to see light every day, such as lack of light can easily cause flowers to fall. The eggplant at the back door of slow seedling blossoms and enters the fruiting stage. At this time, attention should be paid to adjusting the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The room temperature should be reduced to 25-30 ℃ during the day and 15-17 ℃ at night, which can not only make the eggplant blossom and bear fruit, but also flourish branches and leaves. When the room temperature is more than 25 ℃, start to release air properly, remove excessive moisture in the room, increase the content of carbon dioxide, increase the light intensity, and reduce the falling flowers. Even if it is cloudy, you should stick to the right amount of release, but pay special attention to the volume and time of the release.

2. after the eggplant was watered slowly, the eggplant was no longer watered during the flowering period, until the eggplant generally grew to 3 cm, and then irrigated and fertilized. The amount of fertilizer and water for the first time can be larger, 10-20 kg per mu of ammonium sulfate or 1000 kg of dung. The eggplant was given fertilizer and water for the second time when it began to expand, and then irrigated once in the next 10-15 days. As a result, there was no shortage of water and fertilizer in the middle and later stage.

3. Eggplant is a light-loving crop, but it is difficult to meet the needs of natural light cultivation in solar greenhouse in winter and spring, resulting in overgrowth of plants, short stigma flowers and fruit deformities. Therefore, in addition to cleaning the greenhouse roof every day, it is also necessary to hang a reflective screen to narrow the light gap in the middle and rear of the greenhouse and increase the light intensity.

4. 2-3 days before the eggplant blossoms, smear the fruit stalk or spray 4-4 with 25-30 ppm 2Jing 4-4, each flower is only treated once, can not be repeated, nor can you sprinkle the liquid on the leaves.

5. Pruning in time to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions. After the door eggplant is enlarged, the sprouting lateral branches and the lower old leaves under the door eggplant will be removed, and the organ buds under the second fruit (eggplant) should also be erased.

6. As a result, the amount of fertilizer and water should be increased appropriately in the peak period, generally watering once in 7-10 days, and chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be used alternately. At the same time, increase ventilation to meet the needs of photosynthesis and promote fruit ripening.

Harvest

The eggplant is fully expanded and the fruit is purple and glossy, which can be harvested as early as possible to increase the early yield and output value. It is best to cut it from the stalk during harvest to reduce bruising.