Planting conditions of Auricularia auricula

In the process of growth and development of Auricularia auricula, the main external conditions are nutrition, temperature, moisture, light, air and pH. The most influential factors here are moisture and light.

1. Nutrition: the nutrient requirements for the growth of Auricularia auricula are mainly carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing substances, but also need a small amount of inorganic salts. In the process of growth and development, the mycelium of Auricularia auricula constantly secretes a variety of enzymes (enzymes), so it has a strong ability to decompose firewood or culture materials. Wherever the mycelium spreads, it decomposes to absorb the necessary nutrients through decomposition to supply the needs of the fruiting body. We choose wood to cultivate Auricularia auricula, especially the Qinggang tree on the Xiangyang hillside to cultivate Auricularia auricula, we can ignore the problem of nutrients, because the nutrients in the trees are generally sufficient, which can fully meet the needs of the growth of Auricularia auricula. If sawdust or other substitute materials are selected for cultivation, a small amount of gypsum, sucrose and potassium dioxide phosphate should be added to meet the nutritional needs of the growth and development of Auricularia auricula. Nutrition is divided into one-time addition and two-time supplement, referred to as "add first and then supplement".

2. Temperature: Auricularia auricula is a medium-temperature fungus, its mycelium can grow and develop in the range of 15 ℃ ~ 36 ℃, but the most suitable range is 22 ℃ ~ 32 ℃. The mycelium of Auricularia auricula was inhibited below 14 ℃ and above 38 ℃, but the mycelium of Auricularia auricula in firewood had considerable resistance to short-term high temperature and low temperature. The fruiting bodies of Auricularia auricula can be formed and grow in the range of 15 ℃ ~ 32 ℃, but the pieces of Auricularia auricula grown between 22 ℃ and 28 ℃ are large, thick and of good quality. The flesh of Auricularia auricula grown above 28 ℃ was thinner, yellowish in color and poor in quality. Although the Auricularia auricula growing between 15 ℃ and 22 ℃ has thick flesh, black color and good quality, the growth period is slow, which affects the yield. The culture mycelium needs high temperature, and the fruiting body growth needs a lower temperature, which is referred to as "high first and then low".

3. Moisture: water is one of the important factors for the growth and development of Auricularia auricula. Both mycelium and fruiting body of Auricularia auricula need a lot of water in their growth and development, but their requirements are different. At the same suitable temperature, mycelium develops rapidly in low humidity, and fruiting body develops rapidly in high humidity. Therefore, when planting, the water content of the ear rod is required to be 60%-70%, and the water content of the substitute medium is 65%, which is beneficial to the development and colonization of hyphae. Although the growth and development of the fruiting body requires higher moisture, it is necessary to combine dry and wet, and spray appropriately according to the temperature. When the temperature is suitable, the relative humidity of the air in the cultivation field can reach 85%-95%. In this way, the growth and development of the entity is relatively rapid. When the temperature is low, do not give too much water, otherwise it will cause rotten ears. The mycelium culture stage should be dry and the fruiting body growth should be moist. That is, "dry first and then wet".

4. Light: the saprophytic life of Auricularia auricula. Light has little to do with the mycelium. Both the mycelium and fruiting body can grow in the dark environment with weak light. However, light can promote the formation of fruiting body primordia of Auricularia auricula, and the ear buds can display strong ear slices only in a certain amount of direct sunlight. According to experience, when the ear field has a certain amount of direct light, the fungus is thick and dark, while in the ear field without direct light, the fungus is thin, light, inelastic and unrobust. Although Auricularia auricula has a strong tolerance to direct light, it must be given appropriate humidity, otherwise it will shrink, dry, stop production and affect production. Therefore, in production management, it is best to create a kind of "flower sunshine" for the ear field to promote the rapid development and growth of the fruiting body. In dark conditions, hyphae can form fruiting body primordia, but do not open. When there is a certain amount of scattered light, it opens to form a fruiting body. That is, "first dark and then bright".

5. Oxygen: Auricularia auricula is a kind of aerobic fungus, which continuously absorbs oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) in the process of formation, growth and development of mycelium and fruiting body. Therefore, it is necessary to often protect the air circulation of the ear field (indoor) to ensure the oxygen needs of the growth and development of Auricularia auricula. Prevent depressed environment, avoid the spread of rotten ears and miscellaneous bacteria. Mycelium growth requires less oxygen, and fruiting body growth needs a lot of oxygen, that is, "weak first and then strong".

6. Acidity and alkalinity (PH value): Auricularia auricula is suitable to live in a slightly acidic environment, and the pH value of 5.56.5 is the best. This factor is rarely considered in the cultivation of Auricularia auricula with ear sticks, because the ear rods have been fermented in the sun, and they have formed a slightly acidic environment. However, in strain isolation, strain culture and substitute cultivation, this is a problem that can not be ignored, and the output value of the culture medium (material) must be adjusted to an appropriate degree. When substitute cultivation, first adjust to the suitable range of partial alkali side, through natural fermentation, that is, to reach the most suitable degree. In short, it requires "alkali before acid".