Planting technology of radish

Radish is a biennial or annual herb of Cruciferae, rhizome vegetables, also known as Laiqi, soil ginseng. The root is 20-100 cm tall, fleshy, oblong, globose or conical. It is cultivated all over China. There are many varieties of radish. Roots can be used as vegetables; seeds, fresh roots, withered roots and leaves are all used as medicine: seeds to eliminate food and expectoration; fresh roots to quench thirst and aid digestion, withered roots and diarrhea; leaves to treat primary dysentery and prevent dysentery; seeds can be used for oil pressing industry, edible and medicinal purposes.

Soil selection

When planting radish, we should choose crops with less fertilizer consumption, more residual organic matter and no same diseases and insect pests as the previous crop. It is necessary to avoid cruciferous vegetables as the first crop, otherwise it is easy to lead to diseases. Radish has a wide adaptability to sandy soil. in order to obtain high-yield and high-quality products, it is better to use sandy soil with deep soil layer, loose soil, good drainage and fertile sandy soil. Only when cultivated in suitable soil, the fleshy root can be fully expanded, the shape is correct, the skin is smooth, and the color is beautiful.

Deep ploughing of land

Flat, uniform fertilization, so as to promote the increase of available nutrients and beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and can be loosened and ventilated, which is conducive to the absorption of nutrients and water by the absorbing roots, so that the leaf area expands rapidly and the fleshy roots expand rapidly. 75 kg ternary compound fertilizer can be applied per mu as base fertilizer. Then carry on the soil disinfection and sterilization and the control of underground pests. Fungicides use 50% carbendazim 600 times or 70% methyl topiramate 800-1000 times spray, insecticidal agents can choose 48% Lesbon EC 800 times 1000 times spray.

Sowing seeds

The quality of radish seeds has a great influence on the growth and yield of radish plants. In order to make the seedlings neat, complete and strong, seeds should be carefully selected and only full and sound seeds should be used to eliminate shriveled, broken and moldy seeds. The sowing amount depends on the quality of the seed, soil quality, climate and sowing method. Autumn radish mostly uses on-demand or strip sowing. The seed quantity is determined according to the sparse density of the seedlings, the distance between the seed nests is 25-30 cm, each litter is 4-5 seeds, and the seeds are open in the nest, so as to avoid crowding after emergence and affect the quality of the seedlings.

Field management

Seedlings grow rapidly after being unearthed, and time should be given to seedlings to prevent crowding, shading and overgrowth. It is necessary to set the seedlings early, divide the seedlings into different stages, and set the seedlings at the right time to ensure that the seedlings are smooth and strong. Generally, the seedlings were divided into two or three times, and the seedlings were pulled out, which were weak, deformed, and damaged by diseases and insect pests.

Rational watering

Watering is mainly determined according to the growth characteristics of radish, water requirements in each growth period, climatic conditions and soil conditions. After sowing, if the weather is dry, water should be watered immediately, and water should be watered again when the seedlings begin to emerge, so as to keep the ground moist, ensure neat emergence, and reduce the occurrence of virus diseases. If it is rainy, it should be drained in time to prevent dead seedlings.

Scientific topdressing

Autumn radish is a large and medium-sized radish variety with a long growth period. On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer before sowing, topdressing should be applied properly, especially for the plots with low soil fertility and insufficient base fertilizer, topdressing can obviously increase the yield. Fertilizer should be mixed with nitrogen fertilizer and water or dung water. After the radish "broke its belly", it entered the peak stage of leaf growth, that is, the rosette stage. in order to promote the expansion of leaf area, it was appropriate to apply a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, and to enter the peak stage of fleshy root expansion, compound fertilizer was applied once. It helps to dilate the fleshy roots. On the other hand, spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice a week for foliar topdressing 20 days before harvest had a good effect on improving yield and fleshy root quality.

Control weeds and insects

Radish growth period requires multiple ploughing to loosen the soil, especially in the seedling stage, the temperature is relatively high, Rain Water is more, weeds grow rapidly, and weeds should be ploughed and weeded frequently. When cultivated in high ridges, the soil on the ridges is easy to be washed away by Rain Water, which needs to be combined with soil cultivation when ploughing. Because the root neck of the long exposed variety of radish is slender and weak, it is easy to bend and lodge, so it needs to be cultivated and expanded at the initial stage of growth. Prevent lodging and later forming curved radish. By the later stage of the rosette, the leaves had been closed and the middle ploughing was stopped, and the weeding had to be pulled out manually.

The insect pests of radish are mainly aphids and soft rot, using 10 million units of 12% agricultural streptomycin sulfate wettable powder to add 50-75 kg of water per mu or spraying 1000-1200 times of 57.6% chlorothalonil dry granules, combined with root irrigation. To control aphids, imidacloprid can be sprayed with water.

Timely harvest

The harvest of autumn radish depends on the variety and the date on the market. Early harvest, low yield, hardening and no taste; too late harvest of the fleshy root frozen or hollow, the quality becomes worse, resulting in hollow. It is more suitable for harvesting when the diameter of the root is enlarged to 8cm and the length is 25-30cm.