Planting techniques of Herba Epimedii

Herba Epimedii is a perennial herb of the genus Epimedium of Berberaceae, born in forests, shrubs on the edge of gullies or in shady and humid slopes. It is cultivated in Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi, Henan, Qinghai, Hubei and Sichuan, and the whole grass is used for medicinal purposes. It has high medicinal and cultivation value. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Herba Epimedii.

Growth habits of Herba Epimedii

Epimedium likes shade and dampness, the soil moisture is 25%, and the air relative humidity is 70%. It is sensitive to light, avoids direct sunlight, requires shading of about 80%, and is strict with the soil. it is better to use neutral acid or slightly alkaline, loose, soil oil sand loam rich in humus and organic matter, and it is suitable to grow in low, middle mountain shrub, sparse forest or semi-shaded forest edge at 450-1200 meters above sea level.

Propagation techniques of Herba Epimedii

1. Rhizome propagation

① rhizome selection: to dig wild Epimedium rhizome as propagation material, it is necessary to choose the root system is developed and sturdy, the pulp gas is sufficient, there are many whisker roots, the diameter of the root is more than 0.3cm, the overwintering bud is full, and there is no infection of diseases and insect pests.

② harvest and storage: the wilting period of Herba Epimedii is from the end of September to the middle of October, and the harvest period of rhizome is carried out here. Cut the excavated rhizome into small segments 10 to 15 centimeters long, each section with more than 2 winter buds, tie it and set it aside.

2. Seed propagation

① seed harvest: the mature period of Epimedium seed is from the end of May to the first ten days of June. When the pericarp is about to open and the seeds are exposed to brown, the fruit should be picked in time, picked with ripening, threshed, bumped out of impurities and stored in time. The selected seeds are required to be fully mature, full and complete in shape, without pathogenic bacteria, with a purity of 80%, a thousand-seed weight of 4.5 to 4.7 grams, no mildew, and a germination rate of more than 90%.

② seed storage: the life of Epimedium seed is short, so it should be sowed immediately after harvest. In special cases, after the seeds are selected, fine river sand or fine river sand mixed with humus soil or humus soil can be mixed with seeds for storage. First disinfect the matrix with carbendazim, then fully mix the matrix and seeds at 3:1, put them in a wooden box and store them in a cool and dry place with a rain shelter, which should be checked frequently to prevent fever, lack of moisture, mildew, etc., and the storage period is about 2 months.

Breeding techniques of Herba Epimedii

The main results are as follows: 1. Choose the natural conditions of shady slope or semi-shady and semi-sunny slope, the slope is less than 35 ℃, and the soil is slightly acidic leaf humus soil, black loam soil, black sand loam soil, which can be cultivated under broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and fruit tree economic forest. The sod on the ground under the forest was taken up and made into a strip bed with a width of 120 cm 140 cm and a height of 12 cm 15 cm. The seedlings were planted in horizontal trenches with a ditch depth of 6 cm and 10 cm.

2. Sowing time: the life span of Herba Epimedii seeds is short, so it should be sowed immediately after the seeds are collected in the middle of June. Seeds stored under special circumstances should also be sown before freezing in the same year. Under special circumstances, the seeds can be sown after thawing in the spring of next year.

3. Sowing seedlings: Herba Epimedii is sown on the bed to dig a shallow groove 3 to 5 centimeters deep, spread the bottom of the trough with sifted fine humus soil, and then sow seeds. After sowing, cover 0.5 cm with fine humus sifted, and then cover with a layer of fallen leaves and other things to maintain soil moisture. Water thoroughly at one time before sowing or after covering the soil. The sowing rate is 10 to 15 grams per square meter.

4. Strip sowing and raising seedlings: Epimedium strips are sown on the bed and trenched across the bed, with a row spacing of 10 cm and a depth of 3 cm. After opening the ditch, step on the bottom grid, and then sow seeds in the ditch, covering the soil with a thickness of 0.5 cm, covering fallen leaves and so on. The sowing rate is 10 grams per cubic meter.

5. Raising seedlings under the forest: under the mountain forest, the gentle slope should be selected, the shrubs and weeds under the forest should be cleaned up, and the dense trees and branches should be thinned properly so that the canopy density is about 0.5-0.7. Then make a bed with a width of 1.2 meters and a height of 20 centimeters and 25 centimeters along the slope slope, apply base fertilizer, and sow seeds according to the method of raising seedlings on flat land. Under the mountain forest, the rhizome seedlings are raised, the shrubs and weeds under the forest are removed, and the planting belt is made along the contour line. The soil is planed and loosened according to the bandwidth of 30cm to 50cm, and the stems and roots are picked out and then planted.

Transplanting techniques of Herba Epimedii

1. Seed seedling raising: the transplanting time is to dig out and transplant one-year-old seedlings in the first and middle of October. The selected seedlings are divided into three grades according to large, medium and small, and planted respectively. When planting, the horizontal bed is trenched according to the row spacing of 15 cm to 20 cm, the ditch depth is 9 cm to 10 cm, and the seedlings are arranged according to the plant spacing of 8 cm to 10 cm in the ditch to make sure that the fibrous root is stretched, and the soil cover is 6 cm thick and 8 cm thick, with a little pressure.

2. Rhizome seedling cultivation: the prepared rhizomes were divided into three grades according to their thickness and plumpness of overwintering buds, and then soaked in No. 5 rooting powder solution with a concentration of 50 × 100 mg / kg for 5 seconds, then planted respectively. When planting, trench the horizontal bed according to the row spacing of 20 cm to 25 cm, the ditch depth is 9 cm to 10 cm, plant seedlings in the ditch according to the plant spacing of 10 cm to 15 cm, cover 6 cm to 8 cm, and press it slightly. After planting, disinfect the bed with 3000 times of carbendazim or carbendazim, and then cover the bed with leaves. It can also be planted on the planting belt arranged under the forest for semi-wild management.

3. Transplanting wild seedlings: cut the roots and stems of wild seedlings into small segments with a length of 10 cm to 15 cm, and keep more than two overwintering buds in each section. Soak the roots in the solution of No. 5 rooting powder with a concentration of 50 mg / kg for 5 seconds and plant them according to the above-mentioned method.

Field Management of Epimedium

1. Replenishing seedlings: after Epimedium emerged in February-March of the following spring, the dead seedlings, weak seedlings and diseased seedlings should be pulled out in time and planted in cloudy days to ensure the basic number of seedlings.

2. Weeding: Herba Epimedii cultivation should be combined with mid-tillage for weeding, with few weeds on the border surface. Weeding can be done every 10 days in the peak growing season, and once every 30 days in autumn and winter.

3. Irrigation: Epimedium prefers moist soil environment, and drought will cause its growth stagnation or seedling death. If it is sunny for 5 to 6 days in summer, artificial watering must be carried out sooner or later.

4. Fertilization: epimedium is a perennial plant. After transplanting, topdressing should be carried out in different ways every year. Extra-root topdressing can be carried out in the first year after transplanting, which can be carried out after leaf expansion and green fruit stage respectively. After the second year of transplanting, in addition to foliar spraying, lateral root topdressing should also be carried out. The time of topdressing fertilizer is mainly in autumn, that is, before the plant wilts and the soil freezes, and it is suitable for cake fertilizer, calcium superphosphate or rotten pig manure.

5. Harvest: the harvest time of Herba Epimedii is from late June to late July. When harvesting, use a sickle to cut the aboveground stems and leaves, remove the thick stalks and tie them into small bundles, cut while bundling, and transport them back to the sun field on the same day. When cutting stems and leaves, do not cut the knife into the soil to prevent injury to the roots and overwintering buds, do not pull up the roots, so as not to affect the growth of the next year.

6. processing: the fresh stems and leaves of Epimedium should not be washed with water, grasp the stem base with hands, shake off or remove weeds, foreign bodies and diseased plants. Then, hang the handful in the shade to dry in the shade. The shade shed should be located in a highly dry and ventilated place with rain-proof facilities. Do not expose yourself to the sun or make it dewy, so as not to affect the appearance quality of the product. Far-infrared flue-cured tobacco room can also be used for manual drying. The drying standard is that the water content is less than 14%.

Pest control of Herba Epimedii

1. Leaf brown spot blight

[symptom] Leaf brown spot blight is harmful to leaves. Diseased leaf disease spot, the initial brown spot, surrounded by yellow halo. After expansion, the lesion was irregular, the edge was reddish brown to brown, the middle was grayish brown, and in the later stage, the spot was grayish brown, contracted and black granules appeared, which was the conidium of the pathogen. The pathogen occurred in both seedling stage and adult stage of Epimedium, and the harm was more serious in seedling stage.

[prevention and treatment] ① removes and destroys the residual body in time to reduce the source of infection. ② can be prevented and treated at the initial stage of the disease. The commonly used agents are 50% zinc wettable powder 600x, 50% bacillus wettable powder 800x liquid, 1purl 160Bordeaux solution, 30% copper oxychloride 600g 800x solution, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500g 600x solution, 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 800g 1000x solution, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500g 600x solution. The above agents should be used alternately to avoid drug resistance.

2. Wrinkle virus disease

[symptoms] Seedling stage. Infected leaves are often characterized by leaf tissue shrinkage, uneven, thickening, deformity showing anti-curl shape, seedling stage, there are often two kinds of symptoms in the field: mosaic mottled: diseased leaves twisted, distorted, wrinkled and thickened in the shape of mottled flowers with thick light green. Yellow mottled flowers and leaves: the tissue of infected leaves turned green and showed yellow flowers and leaves.

[prevention and treatment] seedlings without virus disease were selected for ① to keep seeds. During the continuous growth period, ② killed the virus-borne insect vector in time. If you need to apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 20% doxorubicin wettable powder to prevent and cure the symptoms of ③, you can choose potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 20% doxorubicin wettable powder 500x liquid, or 0.5% antiviral agent 1 water agent 250g 300x liquid, or 20% virus ning water-soluble powder 500x liquid spray, once every 7 days, three times in a row. Promote the leaves to turn green, stretch, and reduce the damage. Stop taking medicine 20 days before harvest.

3. Epimedium rust

[symptoms] the pathogen is harmful to the leaves and fruits of Herba Epimedii. In the diseased leaves, inconspicuous dots appeared on the leaves in the early stage, and in the later stage, the back of the leaves turned into small sore spots with orange slight protuberances, that is, the summer spore pile. After the rupture of the disease spot, the rusty yellow summer spores are distributed, the leaves die in severe cases, the small sore spots appear in the diseased fruit, and in serious cases, the diseased fruit becomes stiff fruit.

[prevention and control] ① cleans the countryside and strengthens management. ② scavenged the alternate host. During the onset of ③, 15% verapamil wettable powder 1000-1500 times solution can be selected.

4. Epimedium powdery mildew

[symptoms] harm the leaves of Herba Epimedii. In the early stage of the disease, small white powder spots appeared on the front or back of the leaves, which gradually expanded into a large area of powder with inconspicuous edges, covered with leaves, as if sprinkled with a layer of white powder. Wipe off the white powder, you can see that the leaves fade green, withered yellow and become brittle. When the disease is serious, the leaves are covered with white powder and turn gray until the whole leaf dies. After the onset of the disease, there is no bad smell, white powder is its obvious symptom.

[prevention and control] ① cleans the countryside and strengthens management. During the onset of ②, 50% carbendazim or 75% methyl thiophanate 1000 times can be sprayed, and 15% trimethoprim 1000 times can be sprayed during the outbreak of the disease.

5. Physiological red leaf disease

[symptoms] the disease usually occurs in exposed areas without shade. The leaves turn green and change color is red, the plant growth is blocked, and the plant is short. The plants with severe damage in the seedling stage may die early. Although the damaged plants generally did not die after discoloration in the seedling stage, there were few new buds, which affected the biological yield and decreased the yield significantly.

[prevention and treatment] ① shade seedlings. Planted in ② base, choose shade planting under bayberry, pine and other trees.