Cultivation techniques of Aristolochia mandshurica

Aristolochia mandshurica is also called Aristolochia mandshurica, snake ginseng fruit, triangle grass, autumn wood incense jar. The Chinese name is derived from its ripe fruit, such as the ringing bell hanging under the neck of the horse. Aristolochia is a perennial herb of Aristolochia. Roots, stems and fruits are used in medicine to clear the lungs and qi, relieve cough and asthma, clear intestines and eliminate hemorrhoids. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of Aristolochia.

Growth habit of aristolochia

Aristolochia is born in valleys, ditches, roadsides and hillside thickets at an altitude of 200-1500 meters above sea level. Aristolochia is light-loving, slightly shade-tolerant, sandy yellow soil, cold-resistant and adaptable. It is distributed in the provinces south of the Yellow River to the south of the Yangtze River in China, Shandong (Mengshan) and Henan (Funiu Mountain). It is often cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi and Japan.

Seedling raising technique of Aristolochia mandshurica

1. Seed picking: Aristolochia fruit was picked in batches when it changed from green to yellow, and the fruit cracked too late. Seeds are not resistant to dry storage, so they should be sown immediately after harvest or buried in wet sand and stored in a cool place.

2. Nursery land selection: aristolochia nursery land should choose sandy loam soil with fertile, loose and well drained soil and places with water source. After ploughing the seedling bed, 75000 kg of rotten barnyard manure or compost per hectare should be applied as base fertilizer, and then leveled fine rake to make the border surface 1.2m wide.

3. Seed treatment: if Aristolochia mandshurica was taken out and sown in late autumn or spring of the following year, the seed germination was irregular and the germination rate was high under the condition of 10-20 ℃. The seeds can also be soaked with gibberellin 5 * 10-4 for 1 day after harvest and stored in greenhouse sand storage. Spring sowing should be from late March to early April, direct seeding and seedling raising.

4. Sowing method: open a trench on the seedbed with a row spacing of 25 cm, a depth of 3 cm, and a sowing area of 10 cm. Sow the seeds, cover the soil gently, and cover the straw to keep the seedbed moist. Remove the mulch after emergence, with 15,22.5 kg of seeds per hectare. To April of the following year, it was planted according to the distance of 40cm and 30cm between rows and plants. Live broadcast is broadcast by hole broadcast or broadcast method.

5. Fertilization at seedling stage: aristolochia should be irrigated properly at seedling stage, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied once, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied twice from planting to flowering stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied during flowering in middle and late August. Timely ploughing and weeding, the plant height of 30 cm should be set up to facilitate the climbing growth of its stems.

Cultivation techniques of Aristolochia

1. Land selection and soil preparation: aristolochia planting land should select loam rich in humus and plough once after harvest, with a depth of about 30 cm. Combined with soil preparation, 45000 kg of soil fertilizer or compost per hectare should be applied as base fertilizer, and ploughed once before planting, leveling and raking fine, making a border surface 1.2m wide, and setting up drainage ditches around to be planted.

2. Timely transplanting: Aristolochia mandshurica dug a planting hole with a depth of 20 cm according to the plant spacing of 35 × 25 cm before freezing in winter. 10 kg of soil fertilizer was applied to each hole as base fertilizer, and the hole was filled with fine soil, and 10 cm higher than the ground. In the following spring from March to early April, the planting holes were opened, and the cultivated seedlings were planted into the holes with 1 plant in each hole, and then poured enough water through the roots. Kilogram

3. Loosen the soil and weed: Aristolochia should loosen the soil and weed frequently at the seedling stage. Generally in the seedling height of 5 cm, ploughing weeding 1 time, should be shallow, to avoid root injury. In the future, combined with topdressing, and then ploughing and weeding for 3 or 4 times to prevent grass famine. When the seedling height is 5 cm, it should be combined with loosening soil and weeding to remove the weak and stay strong. When the height of the seedling is 10 cm, the seedling is fixed according to the plant spacing of 3 cm to 5 cm. The height of the seedling is 15cm to 20cm, which can be planted in the nursery. Kilogram

4. Reasonable topdressing: control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in winter or early spring to avoid excessive growth of stems and leaves and suffer from diseases and insect pests, mainly applying rotten stable fertilizer and proper amount of phosphorus fertilizer before flowering. In the later stage of growth, the topdressing of 750 kg of calcium superphosphate and 150 kg of potassium fertilizer per hectare in the middle of August can not only increase the fruit setting rate, but also benefit the root growth, which is an important link to increase yield.

5. Watering frame: Aristolochia is resistant to drought and afraid of waterlogging, and generally does not need watering. But when the growing period is too dry, it should be properly watered, and the rainy season should be drained in time to avoid rotting roots. Aristolochia is a trailing herb. When the seedling is 30 cm high after transplanting, it is necessary to set up a frame in time, set up a pillar with a bamboo pole between the rows, pull the rope in the middle, and pull the stem vine to climb and grow. Kilogram

6. When the plant of Aristolochia mandshurica is growing vigorously from May to June, the overgrown stems without flower buds should be cut off to reduce the consumption of nutrients. After the fruit was harvested in October, all the stems and vines were cut off, and the weeds in the field were removed, and the soil was cultivated and fertilized before winter, so as to keep warm and survive the winter, so as to lay the foundation for high yield in the following year.

7. Disease and pest control

① root rot: it often occurs in July and August. After root rot, the plant dies. The method of prevention and treatment is to remove the diseased plant and burn it, and spray the hole with 1000 times liquid of 50% wettable powder.

② leaf spot disease often occurs in the rainy season, and spots are easy to occur on the leaves. Pay attention to clear the gutter, remove the stagnant water in time, and spray 150 times Bordeaux liquid with 1 Bordeaux liquid.

③ Aristolochia butterfly: the larvae eat the leaves and form niches, which mostly occur from July to August. The control method is to clean the field, clear the garden in winter and deal with the residual plants. Spray 1500 times of 50% phosphoamine or cyanobacteria (10 billion spores / g) at an early age. Kilogram