High-yield cultivation techniques of Lycium barbarum

Chinese wolfberry tree is a multi-branched shrub plant of Lycium barbarum in Solanaceae. It is often born on hillsides, wastelands, hills, saline-alkali lands, roadsides and houses beside villages. The famous producing areas of Chinese wolfberry in China are Ningxia and Qinghai. Besides being wild, they are also cultivated for medicine, vegetables or greening. Let's take a look at the high-yield cultivation techniques of Chinese wolfberry trees.

Growth habits of Lycium barbarum

Lycium barbarum is a kind of perennial shrub cash crop which is tolerant to drought, barren and saline. The economic age has reached 15 years. Lycium barbarum has strong adaptability and can be cultivated in areas where the average annual temperature is between 5 and 20 ℃. Chinese wolfberry likes sunshine and requires strong light. There is no strict requirement for soil, and it can be planted in loam, sandy soil or poor saline-alkali soil. In terms of varieties, there are mainly Ningqi No. 1, Ningqi No. 2, Ningqi No. 3, Ningqi No. 4, and Mengqi No. 1 in China.

Construction of Chinese wolfberry seedling nursery

1. Nursery site selection: Chinese wolfberry nursery land should be selected on flat sandy loam soil. It is necessary to establish a good drainage and irrigation system to facilitate water diversion and irrigation in times of drought and little rain. The groundwater level of the seedling land is required to be below 1.5 meters, and the soil salt content is less than 0.2%.

2. Apply sufficient basic fertilizer: Lycium barbarum is a kind of high fertilizer-tolerant plant. The growth of Lycium barbarum at seedling stage is directly related to the application of basal fertilizer before seedling. Fertilization in the nursery is mainly based on rotten farm manure and supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure and barnyard manure are all fine for basic application. Diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are selected as chemical fertilizers. Sprinkle fertilizer on the nursery before ploughing. The application rate of farm manure is 2500-4000 kg per mu, diammonium phosphate is 10 kg, and potassium sulfate is 5 kg.

3. Deep digging of soil preparation: after applying sufficient basic fertilizer. First of all, it is necessary to carry out deep turning and leveling, and the depth of turning soil is between 20cm and 25cm, so as to facilitate the growth and development of seedling roots in the future. After the soil is turned over, it can be properly dried for 2-3 days. Before raising seedlings, rake is used to flatten and crush the soil for 1 or 2 times, the flatter the better, the finer the soil, the better. Then remove weeds, stones and other debris.

Seed breeding of Lycium barbarum

1. Making bed and trenching: seed breeding is generally carried out in spring every year. Make the nursery ground into a flat bed 4 meters long and 2 meters wide. The surface of the border should be flat and the soil should be fully crushed. Then in the flat bed surface, pull a straight line, trench along the straight line, every 40 cm, open a row of 2 cm deep shallow trench, as a sowing hole.

2, soil pest control: before sowing, prepare fine sand, disinfection agents, generally we choose, virus, insect and fungicide. If 80 kg of fine sand is used per mu, the amount of medicine used will be 300 to 400 grams. When ready, pour the medicine into 1 kilogram of water and stir well. Then pour the liquid into the fine sand and mix well with a shovel. Then cover the plastic film and stew the soil for 24 hours to soak the liquid into the soil. After enough time, uncover the film and take out the treated fine sand and set aside.

3. Seed dressing and sowing: when sowing, add fine river sand equivalent to 6 to 7 times the amount of seeds, and mix seeds. Because the seeds of Chinese wolfberry are small, mixing seeds with fine river sand can make the sowing more uniform. Sow seeds in a pot in one hand and sow seeds in the other, trying to be meticulous and uniform. After the sowing is completed, we will also scatter the treated fine sand into the sowing hole, not too thick, in order to kill the beetles, ground tigers and other pests that destroy the roots of Chinese wolfberry. Finally, keep your feet on the ground. Make the seeds in close contact with the deep soil, and the sowing work is finished.

4. Plucking the soil and covering the film: next, we should remove the soil on both sides of the seeding hole to prevent the coarse granular soil from rolling into the hole, pressing down the seeds and hindering the germination of the seeds. Leveling the soil in this way is also beneficial to mulching to increase the soil temperature. When covering the film, it is operated by many people, usually one to two people fix one end, another person lays the film, one person shovels the earth and presses the edge, and finally completes the film covering. Where the temperature is suitable, there is no need to cover the seeds with plastic film.

Cutting seedlings of Lycium barbarum

1. Cutting time: the cutting time of Chinese wolfberry trees is generally from the end of March to the first ten days of April in spring. The first thing before cutting is to determine the female parent ear picking nursery. In the Chinese wolfberry orchard, the plots with good varieties, good growth and no diseases and insect pests are selected as the female parent ear-picking nursery for hardwood cuttings.

2. Cuttings collection: cuttings collection is also carried out from March to April. Select the branches that are about 0.5-1cm thick and completely Lignified on the mother tree in the ear-picking nursery. Cut it off with a pruning. After harvesting, the cuttings are pruned. Under the scissors, the end of the root will be cut at an angle of 45 degrees, and the top part of the growth and sprouting will be cut flat. The length of the cuttings is about 13 cm. Not too long, not too short, so as not to affect survival and hair roots.

3. Cuttage treatment: cuttings should be treated with rooting hormone-naphthalene acetic acid and alcohol. First, the rooting hormone mononaphthylacetic acid was dissolved in alcohol and diluted to 15~20ppm. The rooting part of the cuttings was put into the rooting solution, and the soaking depth was about 3-4 cm. The soaking time is 24 hours.

4. Soil preparation and ridging: flatten the soil in the nursery and break it up with a rake. Cuttings are raised on the seedbed according to the standard of 4 meters long, 90 centimeters wide and 60 centimeters high. After getting up, the soil on both sides of the ridge will be opened with a shovel to make a small ditch, which is easy to press the thermal insulation film after cutting.

5. Cutting method: when cutting, the soaked rooting part is facing down and inserted in the ditch. The distance between cuttings should be kept at about 15 cm. The height of cuttings exposed to soil is 1 cm to 2 cm. Fill the soil with your hands immediately after inserting a line, and then stabilize the soil with your feet. In order to raise the ground temperature and make the cuttings survive early, the cuttings in the northern region are covered with degradable plastic film, and plastic film mulching is not needed where the temperature is suitable. The biggest advantage of hardwood cuttage is that the seedlings can maintain the excellent characters of the female parent, early fruit and high yield.

Management of Lycium barbarum seedlings

1. Film-breaking treatment: after the seedlings survive, the membrane should be broken first, and the cuttings can be pierced through the film directly by hand at the cuttings. The seedlings should be pierced through the film with hardwood where they are about to sprout, so as to avoid damaging the seedlings when the temperature is high. In the future, there is no need to uncover the plastic film and let it continue to play a role in increasing the soil temperature. When the hot season comes, the plastic film will decompose and rot into the soil.

2. Weeding and loosening the soil: when the height of the seedling reaches about 30 cm, loosen the soil and weed for the first time to prevent the grass from growing more than the seedlings. The principle of early weeding and clean weeding should be grasped in weeding work. The work of loosening soil combined with weeding is carried out, and weeding and loosening soil are needed for 2 times and 3 times during this period.

3. Wipe the buds at the right time: when the roots of the seedlings grow out of the lateral branches, they should be erased in time, lest they compete for soil and fertilizer and hinder the growth of the main branches. Wipe off the buds with your hands, and the older young branches should be cut off with pruning shears.

4. Rational fertilization: in order to improve the growth of seedlings, apply fertilizer once in the middle and last ten days of May to promote root growth, preferably with phosphorus fertilizer as the main fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer as the auxiliary. Apply 10 kg of ammonium phosphodiacid and 5 kg of urea per mu, mix the fertilizer evenly and spread it around the plant.

5. Timely irrigation: irrigation, flooding and irrigation can be done after fertilization, and it is better to be thoroughly irrigated to meet the growth needs of the high temperature season. Promote the growth of seedlings with good water and fertilizer conditions. Irrigation should be carried out 4 or 5 times from summer to winter.

6. Pruning: too many branches will hinder the growth of trunk branches and should be pruned. When pruning, choose a strong branch as the trunk and cut off all the rest. To ensure that the trunk is stout and uniform up and down. Seedlings that reach 60 centimeters in height should be cut off the main branches. It is also called coring to control the growth height of seedlings and cultivate them into large seedlings and super seedlings with the first layer of lateral branches. after pruning, fertilizer should be applied once to ensure the nutritional supply of seedlings.

7. pest control: the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of Lycium barbarum at seedling stage is mainly focused on the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, mainly with 2000-2500 times liquid of shear mites and 10% imidacloprid 1000-1500 times, spraying once every seven days in mid-October, three times in a row to control aphids, gall mites and spider mites.

8. Seedlings overwintering: the leaves of Lycium barbarum seedlings in the nursery turn yellow in late autumn and fall off after frost, but without special management, they can survive the winter in the nursery naturally and wait for seedlings to be planted in the coming spring.

Planting techniques of Lycium barbarum

1. Garden site selection: when building a garden, it is best to choose light soil, sandy soil and loam with deep soil and good ventilation to establish a plantation. The content of soil organic matter should be more than 1%. The groundwater level is kept below 1 meter.

2. Garden planning: after the Chinese wolfberry garden is selected, the first task is to carry out planning. Chinese wolfberry orchards should have a sound drainage and irrigation system. It is necessary to have main canals, branch canals and hairy canals for diversion irrigation, as well as drains. It can be irrigated in the dry season and drained in the rainy season. Secondly, roads extending in all directions should be set up around the planting land to facilitate transportation. A protective forest network should also be set up between the land and the land. Play the role of wind and sand prevention. When the Chinese wolfberry garden is ready, the seedlings can be planted.

3. Seedling false planting: the time of planting is generally after the soil thawed in spring, about the period from late March to mid-March. When raising the seedling, the main root should be intact and the lateral root should be less injured. Immediately after the seedling is put in a cool place, do the treatment before planting and then replant. For the seedlings that can not be planted in time, dig a false planting groove 15 to 20 centimeters deep, and the length and width of the false planting groove should be determined according to the number of false planting seedlings.

4. Pruning and soaking: the seedlings should be pruned before planting. Cut short the branches in the crown of the seedling to promote the formation of new branches after survival. The roots injured when digging seedlings should be cut flat to prevent decay after planting and affect survival. Cut off the branches that withered during the winter. After pruning, prepare alcohol and rooting powder mononaphthylacetic acid, or other rooting agents, dissolve mononaphthalene acetic acid in alcohol and dilute it to 15~20ppm. Soak the seedlings for 12 hours and then transplant them.

5. Planting method: before planting, the planting hole is dug according to the plant spacing of 1.5 meters and row spacing of 2 meters. The planting hole is 40 cm long, 40 cm wide and 40 cm deep. Put the excavated topsoil and heart soil to one side respectively, and then in each planting hole, first apply compound fertilizer 100 to 150 grams, then fill in the heart soil to make the heart soil and fertilizer mix evenly, and then fill in the topsoil, about 5 cm thick, and then put in the Chinese wolfberry seedlings, one person to support the seedlings, one person to fill the soil, and finally to keep your feet on the ground. The depth of planting seedlings is consistent with the depth of growth in the original nursery, and should be irrigated in time after planting.

Control of diseases and insect pests in Lycium barbarum trees

1. Chinese wolfberry gall mite

Gall mite is also a kind of mite. The gall mite drills into the leaf tissue and sucks. Harm to tender stems and leaves, the injured leaves form a yellowish green, round bulge, the leaves are twisted and can not grow. The yield and quality of fruit decreased. June is usually the peak of harm.

[prevention and control] the gall mite is mainly controlled by gall rust mite 2000 × 2500 liquid, and the foliar surface is sprayed, and the ultra-low volume spray method is best used to protect the leaves from the harm of gall mite in the process of leaf growth. If symptoms are found, spray every seven days for 2 or 3 times in a row.

2. Chinese wolfberry rust mite

[symptoms] Lycium barbarum rust mite mainly harms the leaves and does great harm to the production of Lycium barbarum. Rust mite is a kind of mites invisible to the naked eye, which is mainly distributed on the back of the leaves and on both sides of the main veins of the leaves. When the mites suck the sap of the leaves, the leaves become hard and thicker, and when serious, the whole tree becomes ferruginous. Make the leaves lose the ability of photosynthesis. Causing the leaves to fall off. Resulting in a reduction in production.

[prevention and control] in the middle and last ten days of June every year, the foliar was sprayed with 2000-2500 times EC or gall rust mite net. Spraying for 3 times every 7 days can effectively prevent and cure the disease.

3. Lycium barbarum root rot

[symptoms] Lycium barbarum root rot mainly harms the root and stem base of the plant. The aboveground part of the diseased plant showed yellowing and drooping leaves. Dig up the underground roots and stems of the diseased plant, the infected roots turn dark brown, and the plant dies. The disease is usually more serious in low-lying fields with poor drainage.

[prevention and treatment] after the onset of the disease in the middle and late August, the root of the diseased plant was drenched with 70% mancozeb 30-fold solution, peeled off the topsoil during the application, and drenched directly on the diseased root was the most effective. But when scraping, don't hurt the roots. The root rot was effectively controlled by spraying every 5-7 days for a total of 3-4 times. The promotion of crop rotation in frequently occurring fields can fundamentally and effectively eliminate root rot.

4. Powdery mildew of Chinese wolfberry

[symptoms] powdery mildew of Lycium barbarum occurs on the leaves of Lycium barbarum, harming the leaf tips and young fruits of Lycium barbarum. In severe cases, the front of the leaf is covered with a layer of white powder, and the plant looks white. Finally, the leaves gradually yellowed, thinned and fell off.

[prevention and treatment] early spraying should be used to prevent the disease in areas prone to disease. After the onset of the disease, 1000-1200 times solution of strychnine was selected for spray control. Spray must be sufficient and uniform. In general, powdery mildew can be effectively controlled by spraying again every 7 to 10 days.