Propagation methods of Siraitia grosvenorii

Luohanguo is a perennial vine of Cucurbitaceae, which is known as "immortal fruit". It blossoms in summer and bears fruit in autumn. China is mainly produced in Longjiang Township, Longsheng and Baishou Township, Yongfu County, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region. Propagation methods are mainly pressure vine reproduction, grafting reproduction and seed reproduction, and so on. Let's take a look at the reproduction methods of Luohanguo.

Pressure vine propagation of Siraitia grosvenorii

1. Tending time: according to the local climatic conditions, the average temperature of ten days is 25-28 ℃, that is, it is suitable from White Dew to autumn.

2. Material selection: choose the branches with long vines and vigorous growth, sturdy, long internodes, small leaves, round tips and light green branches that hang down the scaffolding. If there are many fruits of fine plants without growing vines, they cannot be propagated by pressing vines in the same year. In the early spring of the next year, the vines will be lowered to climb the ground to promote the vines to grow and thicken, forming a good pressure vine material. In order to accelerate reproduction, the tubers planted in the same year can not let the vines on the shed, leave them to climb on the ground, pick the heart in time, promote the growth of lateral vines, and cultivate pressure vines.

3. The method of pressing vine

① on-site pressure vine: press the vine in the place where the pressure vine material is nearest to dig the pit for pressure vine. According to the number of the pressure vine material, determine the width of the digging pit. Generally, one or three or four vines are used to dig a pit 25 cm long, 10 cm 20 cm wide and 10 cm deep in the border. The vines are introduced into the pit, and the top of the vine is placed at the 2x3 place of the pit, each vine 3 cm apart. Then gently cover the fine soil 3cm higher than the border surface, and cover straw, water, keep the soil moist, promote new roots and tubers to expand.

② air pressure vines: air pressure vines, also known as off-soil pressure vines, take moss as a culture medium, take a piece of plastic film 20 cm long and 25 cm wide, covered with moss 3 cm thick, put the front end of the selected pressure vine material into a place of moss 2gamma 3, then wrap the vine roll into a tube, wrap the two ends with ropes, and put it in a cool place on the scaffolding to avoid direct sunlight. After 50-60 days, before and after the Beginning of Winter, the tubers were cut from the base of the tubers, and the wrapped tubers were collected for indoor preservation and used for overwintering.

Seed propagation of Siraitia grosvenorii

1. Seed collection: in the mature season of Siraitia grosvenorii, the plant with strong plant, high yield and disease-free should be selected as the mother plant, and the fruit with the characteristics of this variety should be selected as the seed. Harvest when the stalk is withered and the pericarp turns yellow.

① seed storage: Siraitia grosvenorii should have a stalk and keep its skin from damage. after harvest, it should be soaked in 500 times diluted topurazine solution for 10 minutes to eliminate the germs on the fruit surface, and then hang it in a ventilated place to dry. This method is beneficial to the post-ripening of seeds, and the seed germination rate can be as high as 70% 80%.

② seed bag storage: first remove the peel of the harvested fruit, put it in a linen bag, scrub the seeds in clean water, select the seeds, dry them indoors, and then keep them in bags for use, but the germination rate of the seeds kept by this method is lower than that of the fruit storage.

2. Accelerating germination and disinfection: Siraitia grosvenorii seeds germinate at an average temperature of more than 15 ℃ in early spring, the seed shell is hard, the seed shell is not removed before germination, it is difficult to absorb water, and the germination is very slow and irregular. For this reason, when sprouting, one-sided blade is used to gently cut the side suture of the seed, pry open the seed shell to take out the kernel, and select the full kernel to accelerate the germination. The kernels should be disinfected before sprouting, soak in topiramate 500 times diluent for 8 minutes, then rinse with cold boiled water or distilled water to prepare for budding.

3. Nursery bed preparation: Siraitia grosvenorii bud bed is packed with fine sand with a depth of 8cm × 10cm, seeds are arranged on the sand surface in the size of 2 × 3cm, and then covered with fine sand 0.5cm to keep the bed moist and covered with plastic film to keep the bed at 2528 ℃, which can sprout in 5 days.

4. Sowing and transplanting: the seed germination of Siraitia grosvenorii is very irregular. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, the first germinated seedlings should be first transplanted into the seedling bed to strengthen management. The seedling bed can use rotten mud (after disinfection) to infiltrate 1 to 3 fine sand, and make 1.2 meters wide border on the cultivated land to level the border surface. Seedlings with open or half-open cotyledons are transplanted into a seedbed and cultivated in a size of 10 × 12 cm. After transplanting, the seedlings should be drenched with root water and keep the soil moist on the border. The seedlings can also be transplanted into a nutrition cup made of 1:2 garbage mud and loess for transplanting.

5. Pseudo-planting method: when the seedlings grow into 5-6 true leaves, they can be pseudo-planted, mainly to identify male and female plants, so the plant density is high, the specification should be 1 × 1 meter, dig a pit with length, width and depth of 40 × 30 × 30 cm respectively, backfill cooked soil and lower basal fertilizer, two plants in each pit, strengthen seedling management and promote early flowering, in order to identify male and female plants, and then colonize after the confirmation of male and female plants after flowering.

6. Seedling management: according to the characteristics of Siraitia grosvenorii's fear of strong light and drought, during the season of sun exposure, shade and frequent water should be used to prevent drought, and pay attention to dilute mature human feces and urine, or 0.5% urea solution can be used to promote seedling growth. at the same time, pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

Grafting propagation of Siraitia grosvenorii

1. Rootstock cultivation: select adaptable varieties of green peel fruit, tea mountain fruit and red hairy fruit, and adopt the method of pressure vine propagation or seedling propagation to cultivate rootstocks. The tubers of rootstocks cultivated by pressure vine propagation grow fast and can hang fruit early after grafting. The method of rootstock propagation by seedling has the characteristics of strong plant, developed root system and high propagation coefficient, which can be used for large area grafting.

2. Scion selection: the middle of the vine with large leaves, short internodes, stout stems, disease-free and semi-lignified vines was selected as the scion. Cut off the 3-4 nodes at the top of the vine too tender, take 8-10 nodes with full bud holes in the middle of each vine, cut off the 2-inch 3 of the leaves, insert it into a bucket or wrap it in a wet towel for a while.

3. Grafting time: in order to make the grafted seedlings blossom and bear fruit in the same year, and form a strong main vine before overwintering, in order to survive the winter safely, it is better to graft in the first half of the year. The experiment shows that the survival rate of Siraitia grosvenorii grafting is the highest in the first ten days of June, when the growth is the most vigorous. Should choose no wind, warm sunny days, cloudy days, high temperature, dry, rainy or hot noon should not be carried out.

4. Grafting methods: there are many grafting methods of Siraitia grosvenorii, including mosaic branch grafting and mosaic branch grafting, which have the advantages of high survival rate, cutting rootstock, easy bud insertion, large contact surface of rootstock and good interface healing, but rootstocks should be sprouted in time.

① inlaying method: using single bud mosaic, taking the leaf bud as the center, cutting off the skin with a blade, leaving 1.5cm above and below, and cutting into a wedge at both ends. At 10-15 cm at the base of the rootstock, select the internodes with similar curvature of the vine and the scion, take the internode as the center, cut longitudinally from top to bottom, the cut length is 3 cm, the cross section of the incision should be equal to the width of the scion, the incision should be smooth, shallow at both ends and slightly deeper in the middle, and the cortex of the scion should be aligned when the scion is embedded. After cutting the ear and cutting the anvil, the mosaic should be carried out in time, aligned with the cortex of the rootstock, and the buds should not be placed sideways, so as to improve the survival rate.

② embedding method: using single bud scion, cutting the ear with the bud as the center, cutting a knife longitudinally on the opposite side of the bud, 3 cm long, leaving 1.5cm on the front of the bud, and cutting into a 45-degree slope at both ends. At 10 cm to 15 cm at the base of the rootstock, choose a straight Internode, cut up and down with a blade, the blade is 3.5 cm long, and cut off 0.8 cm in the middle of the cut to expose the bud eyes of the scion. Embed the cut of the scion at the cut of the rootstock, and pay attention to the alignment of the cortex on both sides of the rootstock. If the scion is smaller than the rootstock, it should be aligned on one side.

③ abdominal grafting method: using single bud grafting, each oblique cut at the bottom of the bud, the incision is 2 cm, into a wedge. At the top of the internodes of the rootstock, the side near the bud is cut longitudinally from top to bottom, with a length of 2 cm, and then insert the scion into the incision of the rootstock to close the cortex and bandage it.

④ splitting method: using the single bud grafting method, the scion is cut one knife each from the lower two sides of the bud, and the incision is 2 cm, so that the scion is wedge-shaped. Cut the rootstock 10-15 cm from the ground, cut it longitudinally with a blade from the center of the longitudinal incision section, and the incision is 2 cm long. Insert the scion into the incision to align the cortex of the rootstock. If the scion is smaller than the rootstock, the scion should be placed close to one side of the rootstock to align the cortex and wrap it tightly.

5. Bandaging and unbinding: after the scion is inserted into the rootstock interface, apply a chemical fiber strap with a width of 0.5 cm to press it up from the bottom to the top until the knife edge above. When the scion bud tip is about 30 cm long, loosen the bandage. In order to concentrate nutrients on scion shoots, attention should be paid to wiping out new buds on rootstocks at any time.

6. Keeping vines through the winter: in order to protect Siraitia grosvenorii grafted main vines safely through the winter, in frosty areas, after harvest, the tender vines gradually withered. Before the Beginning of Winter, the main vines should be cut 1.5 meters away from the ground, and the cut should be waxed to prevent them from drying again. If the main stem is wrapped with straw or bagged with nylon film, the main vine can also be pressed and buried in the soil for heat preservation. But the soil must be finely crushed and the humidity should not be too high to prevent it from rotting.