Planting techniques of Gentiana

Gentiana is a perennial herb belonging to Gentiana of Compositae. It is also called Gentiana, Gentiana bitter, Gentiana, etc. It is a common traditional Chinese medicine. It is distributed in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and other places. It has high planting value. Let's take a look at the planting technology of Gentiana.

The growing habits of gentian

Gentiana likes wet and cool climate. It grows wild in mountainous areas, sloping fields, green forests and bushes. The temperature requirement is quite high in the whole growing season. It grows well after introduction in Beijing. It is not suitable for cultivation in places with high dry terrain and direct sunlight and in areas with too sticky and barren soil. It likes fertilizer. When combined with deep ploughing, it should apply fully decomposed manure about 8000 jin per mu. It germinates in the middle of April every year. It blooms in August and blooms from August to September. The fruit ripens in September and the annual growth period is about 180~210 days.

Propagation Technique of Gentiana

1, plant propagation: gentian plant propagation in early spring in early April before the bud has not been unearthed, all the roots dug out, divided into small clusters, each cluster should have 1~2 small buds, and then according to the row spacing of 1.3 feet, plant spacing of 0.7~1 feet planting, do not make buds exposed to the soil surface, so as not to be blown dry by the wind.

2, seed reproduction: gentian seed reproduction can be divided into autumn and spring sowing two kinds, autumn sowing is generally sown in November, the next spring germination, in order to sow evenly, mixed with appropriate amount of fine sand or humus in the seed, using drilling. Before spring sowing, gentian should be stored in sand in advance, that is, after picking seeds, mixed with fine sand 1:3, kept a certain humidity, buried outdoors, affected by low temperature in winter, and then taken out for sowing, row spacing 1~1.3 feet, plant spacing 0.7~1 feet, soil covering 2~3 minutes, sowing amount 3~4 liang per mu.

Planting Management of Gentiana

1, timely weeding: gentian planting weeding is not limited by the number of times, in line with the principle of early removal of small, see grass that is removed, do not wait for weeds to grow up to form grass shortage and then pull grass, so both labor and injury seedlings.

2, reasonable loosening: the purpose of loosening is to prevent the surface soil hardening, improve soil gas, reduce water evaporation, and remove the weeds in the bud, should be transplanted in the first year, the second year only when the soil can be loosened. After transplanting seedlings, should be promptly raked by hand or nails in addition to the surface hardening layer caused by watering. Note that seedlings are transplanted obliquely, not too deep when loosening soil, so as not to hurt seedlings or bring seedlings out. After transplanting, gentian field should be loosened 2~3 times in combination with weeding.

3. Timely topdressing: after gentian transplanting, in order to promote its smooth development as soon as possible, foliar topdressing can be carried out twice during the period from leaf development to bud emergence and flowering to fruiting. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, foliar treasure, high yield element and other foliar fertilizers are used. For concentration, see instructions for foliar spraying. 3~4 years old gentian can be applied with proper amount of root topdressing during its growth period. Generally, 100~ 150g cake fertilizer, 50g ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 3kg farm manure are applied per square meter. The method is to ditch according to the space of rows, with a depth of 2~ 3cm. The fertilizer is applied into the ditch and the soil is covered flat.

4. Thinning flowers and picking buds: In order to reduce the consumption of nutrients, promote the accumulation of root substances and accelerate the growth of rhizomes when Gentiana is planted, all buds should be removed after budding in non-harvesting fields.

Disease Control of Gentiana

1. Soil disinfection: high soil fertility, good seedling growth, large growth volume, strong disease resistance, and can also improve economic yield. Therefore, 3000 kg of organic fertilizer and 10 kg of diammonium phosphate are generally applied per mu before transplanting. At the same time, 400 times of carbendazim or 800 times of dexone are used to irrigate the seedbed, and the disease index can be controlled below 20%.

2, seedling disinfection: gentian seeds and seedlings are infected with bacteria, so before sowing and transplanting, use mancozeb 600 times solution to soak seeds and seedlings for 3~4 hours, in addition to selecting disease-free plants for seed.

3, reasonable dense planting: in order to reduce the bare degree of the ground surface, thereby reducing the contact area between the plant and the soil, generally transplant 80 ~ 100,000 1-year seedlings per mu, and plant corn and other high-stalk crops at a distance of 40 cm on both sides of the seedbed. The main function of shade is to reduce the direct sunlight and reduce the disease resistance of the gentian leaves, and increase the economic income per unit area.

4. Chemical control: Gentiana is easy to get virus disease when it encounters low temperature in spring, which is characterized by leaf shrinkage and chlorosis. Plants infected with virus disease are first infected by spot blight. Therefore, once virus disease is found, spray 800 times Zhibing Ling once every 5~7 days for 3 times to improve the disease resistance of plants and ensure stable and high yield.

5. Destruction of residues: A large number of spores of bacteria are the main source of infection in the dead leaves of gentian, so it is necessary to thoroughly clean up the countryside in autumn, do a good job in pastoral hygiene, and concentrate the dead leaves outside the field and burn them.