Planting technique of star anise tree

Star anise is a kind of star anise, which is mainly born in the humid and warm valleys of the subtropics, and is distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces and regions. It has high economic value and a wide range of uses, and is an excellent seasoning product. It has medicinal effects such as expelling wind, invigorating the stomach, expectorant and relieving cough. It can be developed as an economic tree species for both fruit and timber. Let's take a look at the planting technology of star anise tree.

Seed treatment of star anise

1. Seed collection: excellent varieties are selected. strong mother trees with 20-50 years old, exuberant growth and high yield are generally selected as seed collection objects. star anise fruit can be collected in mid-late October when the star anise fruit changes from green to yellow and the petal has not yet cracked. Small fruits, achenes and irregular fruits are removed and selected. Improved varieties and strong seedlings are the basis for star anise afforestation to achieve high yield and high yield. The quality of its seeds is poor, so it is not suitable for planting.

2. Seed treatment: the fruit recovered from star anise is spread out to dry indoors and turned 1-2 times a day to prevent its fever. After 3-4 days, the fruit horn can be gradually split and collected, and the seeds can also be peeled with a knife or thin wood chip knife (do not hurt the seed coat). If you choose to sow seeds in spring, you should do a good job of heat preservation and moisturization. generally, it is better to choose fine sand for sand storage. if long-distance transportation is needed, fine sand ∶ seeds of 5 ∶ 1 are packed into the box to the destination and poured into the room to dry, keep warm and moist with the method of sand storage, and sow seedlings when the temperature rises back to 10-15 ℃.

Seedling raising method of star anise

1. Land selection and land preparation: star anise nursery land is better to choose Huangnishan land with good drainage and rich soil layer, leaving sidewalks of about 30 cm between borders, digging a border with a height of 17-20 cm, a depth of 18-20 cm and a width of 1 m, and applying turf mud or compost 22.5-25.0 tons per hectare.

2. Sowing method: generally, for areas without frost, it is better to sow seeds from December to January of the following year. In areas with frost, it is better to wait for February-March sowing when the temperature rises to more than 12 ℃. Strip sowing should be selected. The distance between plants in the furrow is 2-3 cm, the depth is 3-4 cm, the row spacing is 15-20 cm, and the sowing rate is 90-120 kg / ha. Mix 1.5 cm of yellow mud, cover with 1 layer of thatch and drench with water.

3. Cultivate strong seedlings: generally, about 20 days after sowing, the seeds can sprout and uncover the thatch, and build a shade shed high in the north and low in the south, with a height of 70 cm on the low side and 1 meter on the high side. Pick up the fallen broken grass and often drench it with water, generally in the morning and evening, so as to keep the border surface moist. In the process of seedling growth, frequent loosening of soil, fertilization, weeding and timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests should be achieved. Urea or sparse human feces and urine can be used to fertilize the seedlings for the first time when the seedling height reaches 2-3 cm, 10-12 cm for the second time, 15-20 cm for the third time, and the following spring seedling ground diameter 0.4 cm, height 40 cm, and the new terminal bud can be drenched and planted in the nursery before the new terminal bud germinates.

Planting technique of star anise tree

1. Forest land consolidation: star anise afforestation should choose the north slope of hilly and mountainous areas with undulating topography and shelter from the wind, and the land with deeper soil layer than fat and loose soil layer and more convenient for drainage and irrigation can be planted under natural miscellaneous trees. Therefore, when clearing the forest land, only shrubs, vines and lower small trees should be removed, and unified planning should be carried out for strip land preparation or complete land reclamation. The main root of the star anise tree is not deep, and most of the lateral roots are distributed within 50 cm in the soil layer, which is a shallow root tree species with brittle branches, so it is not suitable to choose the place where the strong wind blows to plant the star anise tree.

2. Timely planting: the best time for star anise afforestation is before and after Greater Cold. For fruit forest, the row spacing is 4 m × 5 m or 3 m × 4 m, and the planting density is 750 plants per hectare. Dig a pit with a depth of 30cm and a width of 40cm and apply compound fertilizer 0.5kg / hole, for leaf forest, the row spacing is 1.5m × 1.5m, and the planting density is 45000 plants per hectare. Generally 2-4 days before seedling emergence, only 1 / 3 of the leaves are left, and the rest are cut off. It is best to start planting on the same day. If it cannot be planted immediately, it should be dipped in yellow mud and transported to the afforestation site for afforestation in time. In order to improve the survival rate of afforestation, the time for afforestation should be carried out on overcast and rainy days, and the survival rate can reach 85%. The best depth of planting is 2-3 cm from the soil cover to the root neck.

3. Scientific fertilization: the best time for star anise fertilization is February and June every year. Spring fertilizer can promote shoot growth, while summer fertilizer can promote star anise growth. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in fertilization, and compound fertilizer can be applied to young forests of more than three years old. For one to two-year-old trees, 50-150 grams of urea are applied per tree every year, and 100-200 grams of compound fertilizer and 150-250 grams of urea are applied to three-year-old trees each time. For fruit-used adult forests, star anise special fertilizer should be applied twice a year, which can increase the yield by 25% Mel 44%. It is suitable for star anise trees of more than seven years old, 0.5-1.0 kg per plant each time. In addition, compound fertilizer should be applied 1-2 times a year, each time the amount of fertilizer is 0.5-1.0 kg / plant, special fertilizer and compound fertilizer are used to cover soil, and the effect of increasing yield is obvious.

4. Weeding in time: weeds are easy to consume nutrients and water in the soil, so at least ploughing and weeding in star anise garden is carried out at least 1-2 times a year, which can be carried out in January-February and May-June respectively. For light weed damage, weeding can be carried out artificially. In woodlands with large occurrence area, glyphosate can be directly used for chemical weeding, and be careful not to hurt star anise seedlings.

5. Young forest management

① pruning and shaping: pruning and shaping can generally be carried out when the young forest is 1.5-2.0m high, so as to promote branching, keep 2-3 branches per tree, and cut off the upright branches, withered branches, overdense branches, disease and insect branches, weak branches, etc., which disturb the tree shape and growth from the base.

② shade and moisturizing: an important task in the management of star anise young forest is to cover most of the bare open space, which can be shaded by natural plants such as weeds, shrubs and trees, so as to achieve the purpose of balancing soil temperature, keeping woodland moist, preventing sunburn and reducing soil erosion.

6. Adult forest management

① pruning and shaping: less or no sparse branches, properly re-cut the inner bore branches with few or too dense fruit or the lower part of the crown, lightly cut the outer edge branches or the middle and upper branches of the crown, and heavy-cut the diseases and insect branches with more dry branches and abnormal growth and development. The work of cutting off the top bud can generally be carried out 3-4 years after planting, and leaf steaming oil can be collected 4-5 years later.

② forest reclamation: reclamation can change the soil structure of star anise planting to supplement soil moisture and promote the normal differentiation of flower buds and the growth and development of young fruits. Reclamation is usually carried out once every 3-4 years.

7. Disease control

① star anise anthracnose: in order to effectively reduce the source of the disease, the susceptible branches and leaves can be completely removed and burned, and 0.5% Bordeaux solution is sprayed at the initial stage of the disease. In order to improve the disease resistance of star anise, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or farm manure should be applied.

② star anise beetle: star anise beetle sprays water with 80% trichlorfon or 80% dichlorvos EC.

③ star anise filariasis: the star anise filariasis was sprayed with water with cicada powder EC or 203EC. After spraying, the worm was frightened and dropped, and then sprayed on the ground once again.