Propagation methods of Cornus officinalis

Cornus officinalis is a warm temperate positive tree species, mainly produced in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan and other provinces. Propagation methods include striping, cutting, grafting and seed reproduction. Let's take a look.

Striping propagation

After the fruit is harvested in autumn or before the earth thaw buds germinate, the two-or three-year-old branches close to the ground are bent to the ground. Near the ground, the branches are cut to the xylem and buried in the soil where the barnyard manure has been applied. The branches are covered with 15 cm sandy loam, and the first end of the branches is exposed to the ground. Watering frequently, the second winter or the third spring will cut off the connection between the long-rooted strip and the mother plant, and the rooted seedlings will be planted elsewhere.

Cuttage propagation

Usually in the middle and late May, the branches are cut on the excellent mother plant, the Lignified branches are cut to grow 15-20 cm cuttings, the upper part of the branches retain 2-4 leaves, and inserted into the seedbed made by mixing humus soil and fine sand. The row spacing is 20 cm × 8 cm, the depth is 12 cm 16 cm, and the covering soil is 12 cm 16 cm, compacted. Pour enough water, cover agricultural film, keep the temperature 26: 30 ℃, relative humidity 60% 80%, build a shade above, the transmittance is 25%, and adjust the transmittance to 10% in mid-June to avoid strong light. Remove the shade shed and pour enough water before overwintering. The following year, properly loosen the soil and pull up grass, strengthen the management of water and fertilizer, and plant seedlings in late autumn and early winter or in the early spring of the following year.

Grafting propagation

It is difficult to breed the seedlings of Fructus Corni. The seedlings can not bear fruit until more than 10 years after planting, while the grafted seedlings can blossom and bear fruit in 2 or 3 years. The use of grafted seedlings can make Cornus officinalis fruit early and benefit early.

1. Rootstock selection: rootstocks should adopt their own improved seedlings.

2. Scion selection: scions should be taken from high-quality mother trees with high yield, strong growth and no diseases and insect pests. When collecting scions, one-year-old branches with full development and full buds should be collected from the periphery of the crown.

3. Grafting time: rootstocks begin to sprout in early spring. The bark was grafted when the scion buds just sprouted (about the middle and last ten days of March). From the middle of July to the middle of August, the bark of the rootstock was easy to peel off and the scion buds were full.

4. Grafting method

① bark grafting: first, cut off the top of the rootstock where the bark is smooth and 5-10 cm close to the ground, flatten the cut, cut down from top to bottom with a grafting knife on the windward side, about 3 cm long, deep to the xylem, then use the knife to pry open a crack in the cortex of the interface, and then cut the scion into 15 cm long. Cut an oblique section 3 to 5 cm long on the lower side of the back of the main bud, pass through the pith, gently scrape 2 knives on both sides of the cutting surface to expose the cambium, and put the cut scion into the mouth to moisturize. Next, put the scion bevel in, the tip facing the seam, press the cut of the rootstock by hand to insert the scion slowly, then tap the interface with a grafting knife to make it tight, and the cutting surface should be slightly exposed to the interface, and finally tie up the interface with plastic film. Wipe off the sprouts on the rootstock in time after grafting. When the scion seedling grows to 50 cm high, cut the bound plastic film with a knife.

② bud grafting method: first of all, select the mature and robust scion and take the bud which is 2cm long and 1.5cm wide. Cut off the top tip of the rootstock and carve the bark of the same size as the bud in a smooth place 5cm to 10cm above the ground. Insert the bud block into the peeling part of the rootstock, then tie it tightly with plastic film, but expose the bud. After 7-10 days of grafting, the interface healed, the bandage could be untied, and the trunk could be cut off at 5 cm above the bud. After grafting, the sprouts on the rootstock should be erased in time to promote the growth of seedlings.

Seed propagation

1. Selection of nursery land: the nursery land should be fertile and deep, the topography is relatively flat, the soil is loose, leeward to the sun, and there are conditions for watering, so as to ensure that it can be irrigated at any time. Before sowing, the nursery land must be deeply ploughed with fine rakes, leveled and trimmed to ensure looseness, fine crushing, leveling, no roots, no stone tiles, and a ploughing depth of more than 20 centimeters. it is important to combine deep ploughing with retting farm manure.

2. Seed preparation

① seed picking: excellent mother trees with strong growth, peak fruiting period and no big or small years are selected. The mature, full-grained, pest-free, damage-free, crimson fruits were picked from September to October. Remove the flesh from the picked fruit.

② seed treatment: seed treatment is directly related to the emergence rate, which is very important. First put the seeds in 5% alkali water, rub them with your hands for 5 minutes, then add boiling water to scald, pour and stir until the seeds are submerged in boiling water. Wait for the water to cool slightly, then rub it with your hands for 5 minutes, soak the seeds in cold water for 24 hours, then remove the seeds and spread them on the cement ground for 8 hours, repeated for at least 3 days, wait for 90% of the shells to have cracks, mix the seeds with wet sand at 4:1 and store them in sand. Often spray water to moisturize, check frequently to prevent mildew and rot of the seeds, and sow the seeds in the spring of the second year. This method of treatment is suitable for spring sowing. If you choose autumn sowing, you only need to soak the seeds in warm water of not less than 70 ℃ for 3 days, and then sow the seeds (be careful to change the hot water after the water is cool), and then cover the seeds with film to accelerate germination.

3. Sowing method: spring sowing and seedling raising was carried out before and after the Spring Equinox. The seeds stored in the sand in the first autumn were dug out and sown. Before sowing, the seeds were spread evenly in the ditch with a depth of about 5 cm. The seeds were evenly scattered in the ditch and covered with soil of 3 cm to 4 cm. Keep the soil moist and the seedlings can emerge in 40 to 50 days. The amount of seed used is 90,150 kg / ha.