Planting technique of andrographis paniculata

Andrographis paniculata, also known as olive nuclear lotus, is a plant of the family Primulaceae. It is used in medicine with the whole herb. It has the effects of heat-clearing and detoxification, anti-inflammation, detumescence and pain relief. It is commonly cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Yunnan, and is also introduced in Jiangsu and Shaanxi. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of andrographis paniculata.

Seedling breeding

1. Seedbed construction: due to the small seeds of andrographis paniculata and the poor unearthing ability of seedlings, it is necessary to turn the seedbed land deeply for 2-3 times and break the soil, then get up the bed, apply 200 kg of fully fermented manure to every 30 square meters of seedbed, mix the dung with the soil fully, and then flatten the border surface.

2. Sowing time: the sowing time of andrographis paniculata was chosen before and after Ching Ming Festival. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water of 40-45 ℃ for 1-2 days (or scratch the seed coat with fine sand), pick up the seeds and mix them well with plant ash and sow them behind the seedbed, then spread a layer of fine soil about 3 mm thick, then drench the soil with clean water with a sprayer to make the soil wet.

3. Seedbed management: cover the agricultural film after sowing, and then cover the agricultural film with a layer of straw to keep warm and wet. It is appropriate to sow 50-60 grams per 30 square meters of seedbed (the number of seedlings cultivated can be planted in 1-2 mu field). When the seedling bed sprouts 50%-70%, remove the agricultural film and straw on the ground in time, combine with watering after seedling emergence, and sprinkle dilute dung water every 7 days to promote the rapid growth of seedlings.

Field land preparation

1. Field selection: before transplanting, choose the mountain or flat land with soil ph value between 5.6 and 7.4, flat terrain, leeward to the sun, loose fertility and convenient drainage and irrigation.

2. Apply sufficient basic fertilizer: to turn the field deeply, apply 2000 kg of rotten pig and cow manure per mu and 20 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, then rake flat to make a border of 120cm wide and 15-20cm high, and open a drainage and irrigation ditch 30cm deep around the field.

Transplanting and planting

1. Transplanting with soil: after sowing andrographis paniculata seedlings for 1 month, the seedlings are 10 cm high and can be transplanted to the planting site when they grow 4-5 pairs of true leaves. One day before transplanting, the nursery was irrigated thoroughly, and the robust seedlings were selected from the nursery to transplant with soil. the plant spacing was about 20 × 20 cm and 12000 plants were planted per mu.

2. Seedling management: one week after transplanting, the seedlings can be watered with fresh dung water to promote the growth of fixed roots.

Field management

1. Water management: andrographis likes to be wet and afraid of drought, and is sensitive to water. It should always be kept moist, but it should not be too wet. The key point of seedling management is to keep the border surface moist. After transplanting, water should be watered 1-2 times a day if there is no rain. After slowing down the seedlings, the ground should be kept moist and watered every 3-7 days.

2. Reasonable topdressing: the production of andrographis paniculata needs a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and it must be topdressing in time. Topdressing is generally required for 3 times. After slowing down the seedlings, 3000 kg of human feces and urine diluted with water or 10 kg of urea were applied per mu. After that, topdressing every 20-30 days, 15-20 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu or other nitrogen fertilizer. After sealing the ridge, the plant can be fertilized with water during irrigation.

3. Topping and soil cultivation: andrographis paniculata is used as medicine. When the seedling height is about 30 cm, the top is removed to promote the growth of lateral buds. At the same time, soil cultivation and weeding are combined with mid-tillage to promote adventitious root growth to prevent lodging. If you want to keep the seed, there is no need to top at the full flowering stage, and the inflorescences that cannot bear fruit and mature will be removed.

Pest control

1, blight, there are 1-2 pairs of true leaf stage, which can reduce soil moisture, treat soil with 50% carbendazim, or irrigate the diseased area with 1000 times liquid.

2. Quenching disease occurs in 2-3 pairs of true leaves, which can control the temperature, pay attention to ventilation and strengthen the management of seedling bed.

3. Black stem disease occurs in the adult stage, which can strengthen field management, eliminate stagnant water in time, avoid continuous cropping, spray or irrigate the disease area with 1000 times of carbendazim during the disease period, as well as diseases, virus diseases and so on.

4. Insect pests include cotton bollworm, mole cricket and so on.

Harvest and processing

Andrographis paniculata can be harvested when it grows to the flowering and budding stage, and it can be harvested and dried at the 2-3 nodes of the stem base with a sickle.

Planting andrographis paniculata can be harvested twice a year, and the annual dry product per mu can reach 500-800 kg. The dried andrographis paniculata is dry, green, leafy, no impurities and mildew.