Cultivation techniques of Morinda officinalis

Morinda officinalis is the dry root of Morinda officinalis of Rubiaceae, also known as Morinda officinalis, chicken intestinal wind, with the function of tonifying kidney yang, strengthening muscles and bones, and dispelling rheumatism. Mainly produces Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan and other provinces and autonomous regions, cultivated or wild.

The morphological characteristics of Morinda officinalis

Perennial woody vines. The root is cylindrical, contracted into a string of beads, like chicken intestines. Stems Terete, grayish green or dark brown, branchlets initially hairy, later scabrid. Leaves opposite, rectangular orbicular, initially hairy above, hirsute along midrib below. Umbels, Corolla white. The fruit is nearly spherical and red. There are 4 seeds of lmer, subovoid. The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruit ripening period is from August to October.

The growth habit of Morinda officinalis

Native to the subtropical and tropical humid and humid secondary forests, the suitable temperature for growth is 20 ℃ 25. It likes warmth and is afraid of cold. Suitable climatic conditions for growth, annual average temperature above 20 ℃, below 0 ℃ and low temperature frost often lead to fallen leaves, or even frostbite or death. The average annual precipitation is 1600mm. Young plants like yin and adults like yang. The soil is required to be deep, fertile and moist. Fertile paddy soil, soil with too much nitrogen, fleshy roots grow very little, and the yield is not high.

Wild distribution in most of the mountains of Guangdong Province under the valley forest. Since the 1960s, wild transplanting and introduction cultivation have been successful.

Propagation methods of Morinda officinalis

Morinda officinalis is commonly used for cutting, root tuber and seed propagation.

1. Cuttage propagation

Selection and interception of ① cuttings: select one-or two-year-old pest-free, sturdy rattan stems, cut from the mother plant, cut into a single node 5 cm long, or 10 cm 15 cm branches with 2 Mel 3 nodes as cuttings. The internodes at the upper end of the cuttings should not be long and cut flat, and the lower end should be cut into an oblique notch. The knife edge should be sharp when cutting seedlings, and do not crack the cutting mouth. The leaves were retained in the first section of the upper end, and the leaves of other nodes were cut off, and then cut. If the cuttings cannot be inserted in time, dip the roots with greyish yellow mud and plant them in a shady and wet place.

② cutting season: generally more before and after the spring Rain Water is appropriate, when the temperature has picked up, more and more rainfall, easy to survive after cutting.

③ cutting method: the cuttings can be trenched according to 15ml 20cm, and then the cuttings can be placed in the trench neatly and obliquely according to the 2cm plant spacing, and the cuttings are covered with yellow core or sterilized fine soil, and the cuttings are slightly exposed to the ground, generally taking root 20 days after cutting, with a survival rate of more than 80%. In order to promote rooting, cuttings can be treated with growth hormone.

2. Root propagation

① root selection and interception: the seedlings with uniform root hypertrophy, undamaged root bark and no diseases and insect pests were selected and cut into small segments with a length of 10 Mel 15 cm. Or in the harvest of Morinda officinalis, select from the small roots that can not be used as commercial medicinal materials.

② root seedling raising method: in the whole seedling bed, the root was trenched according to the row spacing of 15ml / 20cm, then the root was placed in the trench according to the plant spacing of 5cm, and compacted with soil, so that the root was slightly exposed to the soil surface of about 1cm.

3. Seed propagation

The sturdy plants without diseases and insect pests were selected as the mother plants, and the management was strengthened to ensure more flowering and fruiting. As the seeds should not be stored for a long time, it is best to sow along with them, preferably from October to November. The seeds stored by stratification should be carried out from March to April of the following year.

Sowing row spacing 3 cm × 3 cm, sowing density should not be too large. After sowing, it is appropriate to cover with sifted yellow soil or burning soil about 1 cm deep. After 1-2 months, the seeds can sprout, and the survival rate of seedlings can reach about 90%.

Cultivation techniques of Morinda officinalis

1. Land selection and land preparation

It is appropriate to choose the sandy loam with a certain slope under the sparse forest or the middle and lower sunny hilly land covered with trees, and the soil layer is deep, loose and fertile. If the shrubby woodland, should be in winter, remove forest weeds to burn charcoal as fertilizer, can also retain some trees for shade, such as litsea cubeba, camphor trees and other volatile roots, serious harm to the growth of Morinda officinalis, to be cleaned by turning the soil deeply. Open up wasteland and turn the soil in winter, and set up a border on the horizontal slope in spring, making a border with a width of 1 meter and a height of 20 centimeters, using fire and burning soil of 1000 Mu and 1500 kg per mu as base fertilizer.

2. Field management

① shading: after cutting, set up a shade shed or insert awn dustpan to shade, the canopy density can reach 70% more than 80%. With the seedling rooting, survival and growth, the light transmittance should be gradually increased, and the canopy density in the later stage of seedling cultivation should be controlled at about 30%.

Weeding in ②: weeding twice a year in the first two years after planting, that is, weeding once in May and October respectively. As the root system of Morinda officinalis is shallow and brittle, it is easy to hurt the root with a hoe, resulting in the death of the plant. The weeds around the stem base of the plant should be pulled out by hand, combined with weeding to cultivate the soil, so as not to let the root show the soil surface.

③ fertilization: when the seedlings grow 1-2 pairs of new leaves, you can start to apply fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer, such as soil miscellaneous fertilizer, burning soil, rotten calcium superphosphate, plant ash and other mixed fertilizer, 1000ml 2000 kg per mu. Do not apply ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, pig urine, cow urine. If the acidity of the planting land is large, lime can be properly applied, 50Mu 60kg per mu.

④ pruning vines: Morinda officinalis sprawls everywhere, often the vines are too long, especially the three-year-old plants, because the stems and leaves are too long, affecting root growth and matter accumulation. The over-long part of the aged green stem can be cut off in winter, leaving the young red-purple stem vine to promote the growth of the plant and concentrate the nutrition on the root.

Control of Diseases and insect pests of Morinda officinalis

1. Stem base rot

The stem base rot began to damage the base of the stem in late October.

① strengthens field management and enhances disease resistance.

② do not apply ammonium chemical fertilizer, resulting in Morinda officinalis tissue soft, increase the acidity of the soil.

③ regulates soil pH to reduce the occurrence of diseases.

After the onset of ④, the diseased plant was dug up with soil, and lime sterilization was applied in the pit to prevent the spread of the disease. 1 ∶ 3 lime and plant ash can be applied to the roots, or 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 100 Bordeaux solution can be sprayed once every 10 days for 3 consecutive times.

2. Wheel streak disease

The disease is mainly harmful to leaves. The control method is to spray Bordeaux solution with 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 100, once every 7 ∶ 10 days, for 3 times in a row.

3. Bituminous coal disease

Bituminous coal disease is caused by dark brown mildew spots on the surface of stems, leaves and fruits damaged by aphids, shell insects, whitefly and other pests.

① can achieve the effect of disease control by controlling insect pests.

② is sprayed with 50% methamphetamine 800x solution, once every 7 times every 10 days, for 3 times in a row.

Trichoderma preparation can also be used for biological control of ③.

4. Aphids

Damage caused by new buds and leaves of Morinda officinalis in spring and autumn, prevention and control methods:

① can be diluted 1500 times with 40% dimethoate emulsion.

② uses 0.5kg tobacco to make lime water spray of tobacco.

5. Scale insects

Adults and nymphs suck stem and leaf sap and can cause soot disease. The prevention and control methods are as follows: 0.5 kg of 40% dimethoate emulsion, 100 g of kerosene, and 750 kg of water.

6. Red spider

Adults and nymphs gather on the back of leaves or buds. The control method is to use 50% triclofenac sulfone 1500 Mel 2000 times, or 25% chlordimeform 500 Mel 1000 times to spray.

7. Whitefly

When the larvae sucked the leaf sap, the seriously damaged leaves changed from bright green to yellowish brown and even withered. The control method can be diluted 1500 times with dimethoate emulsion or 20 times diluted with 18 Baomedu resin mixture and sprayed 25 times.

8. Leaf miner

The larvae sneak into the leaves and eat the mesophyll, showing a winding circle. The method of prevention and control is to use 40% dimethoate emulsion to dilute 1000 Mel 1500 times.

Harvesting and processing of Morinda officinalis

Morinda officinalis can not be harvested until 5 years after planting. Early harvest, the root is not old enough, moisture is much, flesh color is yellow and white, the yield is low. The harvest time can be carried out all year round, but the winter harvest is the best. Shake off the soil immediately after digging. Try to avoid cutting roots and injuring root bark when digging fleshy roots. Remove the lateral root and Reed head and dry until 60% to 70% dry. When the root is soft, gently beat it flat with a wooden hammer, but do not break or break the flesh. Cut into short knots of 10 cents and 12 centimeters according to commodity requirements, and then bask in the sun to dry feet according to thickness and classification, and become a commodity. In the old producing areas, boiling water is commonly used for scalding or steaming for about half an hour before drying, then the color is more purple, the quality is softer, and the quality is better.

Seed retention technique of Morinda officinalis

After 2 years of planting, Morinda officinalis blossoms and bears fruit, and generally matures from September to October. When the fruit changes from cyan to yellowish brown or red, it is picked when it is sweet. The harvested fruit, scratch the peel, rinse the pulp, take out the seeds, choose red, full, disease-free seeds for sowing, or put the picked fruit in a permeable basket, a layer of sand, a layer of plant ash, a layer of fruit, keep it moist all the time.