Cultivation techniques of Polygonum multiflorum

Polygonum multiflorum is a perennial twining vine climbing plant with slow growth. It is generally believed that it takes more than three years for wild Polygonum multiflorum to form a larger tuber root for medicinal use. In recent years, due to the acquisition of pharmaceutical companies and farmers digging indiscriminately, the resources of wild Polygonum multiflorum have been seriously damaged and are facing depletion. In order to protect, develop and utilize the precious resources of traditional Chinese medicine, the cultivation techniques of Polygonum multiflorum are introduced as follows:

Sexual reproduction of Polygonum multiflorum

First of all, the excellent single plant with pure variety, no disease and insect pests and strong growth and development was collected as the mother plant for seed collection and storage. When the seeds of Polygonum multiflorum change from white to brown on the outside and black on the inside, they should be harvested in time, otherwise the seeds will fall off naturally. The harvested seeds lose the ability to germinate because of their high water content, easy mildew and infection with diseases and insect pests, so they must be dried before they can be packed in gunny bags or sandcloth bags and stored in ventilated and dry places. do not use plastic bags to store seeds.

1. Choose the place. Polygonum multiflorum seedlings are more strict in soil selection, and it is suitable for the land with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, convenient water source and energy drainage and irrigation. After the seedling bed is determined, the weeds should be removed before the weeds bloom in the first year, so as to prevent the weeds from competing with the seedlings of Polygonum multiflorum for nutrients and light in the second year, which is the key to the success of seedling cultivation.

2. Land preparation. After turning the seedbed deeply, exposure for 15-20 days can reduce the diseases and insect pests in the soil. Where there are conditions, use branches and pine hair to pile on the mullet and burn it once, which can greatly reduce weeds, reduce diseases and insect pests, and improve soil fertility. Then carry out soil preparation, combined with base fertilizer. It is required to apply high-quality farm fertilizer 10kg per square meter, dig once after application, remove the roots of weeds, and carefully grasp the soil moisture surface.

3. Manage the soil moisture. Generally after sowing, due to serious spring drought, mainly rely on artificial irrigation, should be flat soil moisture, soil moisture width of 1.5m, surrounded by soil ridges, ridge width 30cm, which is conducive to water conservation and fertilizer conservation.

4. Sow seeds. The results of many years' experiments have proved that the best sowing season of Polygonum multiflorum should be "stinging" in March. Early, low temperature, can not meet the needs of seed germination temperature, not only will not emerge, but also rot; too late, although the seedlings emerge quickly after sowing, but the best growth period is short, which is disadvantageous to the growth of seedlings. Polygonum multiflorum should be sown because of its small seeds. Sowing rate is 40.06g per square meter, before sowing, gently pat the surface soil with tools, the soil gap can not be too large, too deep into the soil will not be able to produce seedlings. At the same time, we must also choose to mix fine soil or plant ash to sow in the morning or evening when there is no wind. After sowing, cover the soil surface with fine sieve and a small amount of farm manure. The thickness is 0.l~0.2cm, and then cover with a layer of green pine hair. The thickness is 1/5 visible to the naked eye.

5. Nursery bed management

① is thoroughly watered. The seeds of Polygonum multiflorum are small, so you must spray them with a spray can for many times when watering, and you can't irrigate them with water directly. After that, water lightly every day on a sunny day after 10:00 or after 5pm; after emergence for about 20-25 days, water once for 2-3 days.

② weeding. The weeds come out first after the Polygonum multiflorum is sown, and the weeds should be weeded and watered as appropriate. From now on, weed will be cut every 10 days or so.

③ topdressing. After the seedlings were unearthed for 60 days, the seedlings could be sprayed with 100kg water plus 0.2~0.3kg compound fertilizer or urea, the concentration should be light and the times should be more, once every 10 to 15 days. In the middle and later stages of seedlings, 0.5%-1% concentration compound fertilizer or urea can be sprayed, or 50kg water plus fecal water 5~8kg can be used.

④ seedlings. In order to cultivate strong seedlings, the seedlings that are too dense and weak must be removed. The first seedling was carried out about 30 days after the seedling was unearthed, the second seedling was carried out about 50 days after the seedling was unearthed, and the third seedling was called control seedling, basically leaving one plant at intervals of 3~4cm. The seedlings should be early rather than late, otherwise the seedlings will grow too much. The seedlings should be watered properly after each seedling.

⑤ controls diseases and insect pests. At present, the pests found in seedling beds are mainly ground tigers, which can be killed manually or controlled by 2000 times of enemy spray. The disease is mainly powdery mildew, which can be prevented by spraying 200 times of Bordeaux solution with 1 before onset, and by spraying with 25% carbendazim 500 times 800 times solution before onset.

Asexual reproduction of Polygonum multiflorum

1. The method of stem cutting propagation.

① medicament treatment should cut the stem base and middle part of the young vine before germination of wild or domestic Polygonum multiflorum into 10~20cm length in February-March, keep 2 or 3 node buds, dozens of buds were bundled into small handfuls, and soak the roots with rooting powder No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, NAA, 2.4 Mel D respectively. The specific concentration should be referred to the instruction manual, and attention should be paid to not using iron or copper containers to hold the solution. The above methods can also be used for the second batch of cuttage seedlings from May to June after the young vine of Polygonum multiflorum germinated. The survival rate of the two batches of cuttings can reach more than 80%.

② in February to March, May to June, young rattan stem segment treatment method is the same as above, and then the base of the stem segment is dipped in alcohol or plant ash, the survival rate is more than 70%.

After the young vine germinated in May ~ June, the stem segment of ③ did not need any treatment, and the survival rate of direct cutting could reach more than 50%. In a word, the stem segments of any kind of cutting treatment must be buried in the cutting seedling bed on the same day, and the row spacing is 10cm × 20cm. The seedling bed should be loose raw soil or no fertilizer, irrigated for 2-5 days and managed normally.

2. Root tuber propagation

The tuber roots of Polygonum multiflorum were collected from August to September or February to March, and the small and medium-sized tuber roots or the stem base of the tuber roots were selected and planted in loose and fertile plots with row spacing of 10cm × 20cm. Root water must be watered once after sowing and normal management after emergence.

The seedbed plots of cuttings and root tubers must strengthen intermediate ploughing and weeding, and when the new seedlings reach 20~30cm, the compound fertilizer 2~3kg must be used to evenly apply water 100kg.

Cultivation time of Polygonum multiflorum

No matter which method the seedlings are bred, the best transplanting season is "the Summer Solstice" in mid-June. The stem vine of Polygonum multiflorum is several meters long and the plant grows vigorously. Only reasonable close planting can give full play to the role of soil, light, heat, water and gas to achieve the goal of high quality, high yield and high efficiency. It is suitable to plant 9000 to 11000 plants per mu, transplanting with soil and row spacing of 25cm × 30cm or 25cm × 25cm as far as possible.

Field Management of Polygonum multiflorum

1. Fertilization. Farm manure 1000~1500kg plus phosphate fertilizer 30~50kg or compound fertilizer 20~30kg were applied per mu of transplanting land. Generally, fertilizing and mixing the soil in the transplanting pond before transplanting.

2. Topdressing. When the transplanting seedlings grow to about 60cm, combined with intermediate ploughing and weeding, compound fertilizer 30~40kg or urea 30kg can be applied per mu, which is suitable for irrigation and weeding at any time after that.

3. prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. It is found that powdery mildew and spicy worms must be controlled by carbendazim, enemy killing and other agents.

4. Set up a fight. This is a special management measure for the cultivation of Polygonum multiflorum. Because Polygonum multiflorum is a vine climbing plant, the aboveground part grows vigorously. In order to further improve the yield and quality, after transplanting, when the plant grows to about one meter, the height of bamboo pole or branch must be more than 1m, and the condition of ventilation and light transmission must be improved to facilitate the growth and development of plant and underground root.

5. Topping and cutting the vine. When the vine grows to 2 meters high, remove the terminal bud to help it branch. After 30 days, the overdense branches and the overgrown branches germinated from the base were cut off to reduce nutrient consumption. Remove the leaves at the base of the stem and the unseeded buds to facilitate ventilation and light.

6. Cultivate the soil. Rhizosphere soil cultivation was carried out in the southern producing areas at the end of December in order to increase reproductive materials and promote root growth, while in the north, soil was cultivated before winter to facilitate overwintering.

Pest control of Polygonum multiflorum

The main results are as follows: 1. leaf spot disease begins to occur in the high temperature and rainy season, and the disease is serious in the field with poor ventilation, which is harmful to the leaves. The methods of prevention and treatment were as follows: ① kept ventilated and transparent, cut off the diseased leaves, and sprayed 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 120 Bordeaux solution at the initial stage of ②, once every 10 days for 3 times in a row.

2. Root rot mostly occurs in summer, causing damage to the roots. Prevention and treatment methods: ① pay attention to water; ② pull out diseased plants, the diseased points are covered with lime and stomped; ③ irrigates the roots with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times, which can play a protective role.

3. Rust began to occur in late February, and it was serious from March to May, July and August, causing damage to leaves. Control methods: ① removed diseased leaves, diseased plants and aboveground residual leaves; ② was sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times or 75% methyl topiramate 800-l000 times, once every 7 mi 10 days, twice in a row.

4. The aphids are sprayed with 40% dimethoate EC 1500 Mel 2000 times and a small amount of detergent, once every half a month.

Harvest and processing of Polygonum multiflorum

It can be harvested after planting for 2-3 years, and the yield of cuttage in the fourth year is higher. Dig after falling leaves in autumn or before germination in early spring, remove stems and vines, dig out roots, wash the soil, cut large ones into thick slices of about 2 cm, small ones, dry or dry. Weight, firmness and pink feet are preferred.