Planting technique of Polygonatum polygonatum

Polygonatum is the dried rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum, Polygonatum multiflorum or Polygonatum kingianum of Liliaceae. According to different properties of medicinal herbs, Xi said "chicken head Polygonatum." Ginger-shaped polygonatum. Polygonatum is mild in nature and sweet in taste. It has the effect of tonifying spleen and moistening lung, replenishing qi and nourishing yin. Polygonatum is mainly produced in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi Province and other provinces. Polygonatum multiflorum is mainly produced in Guizhou, Hunan, Yunnan, Anhui, Zhejiang and other provinces. Polygonatum yunnanense is mainly produced in guizhou and guangxi. Yunnan and other provinces.

morphological characteristics

Polygonatum for perennial herbs, rhizomes horizontal walk, fleshy, pale yellow, apex sometimes prominent like chicken head shape, stem erect, 50~90 cm high. Impellers, 4-6 per whorl, linear-lanceolate, 8-15 cm long, 0.4-1.6 cm wide, apex curled. Flowers axillary, often 2-4 florets, pendulous, total pedicel 1 -2 cm long; perianth tubular, white to pale yellow, 0.9-1.2 cm long, apex 6-lobed, stamens 6, filaments shorter, 0.5-1 mm long, style 1.5-2 times longer than ovary, berry globose, black when mature. Flowering may-June, fruiting 7-September. The main characteristics of polygonatum multiflorum are: stem height 40-100 cm, leaves alternate, elliptic, ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, veins 3-5. Pedicel bearing 2-7 flowers, arranged in umbrella shape on total pedicel; perianth yellow-green, 1.8-2.5 cm long; filaments papillae or puberulent, apex inflated to cystic process. The main characteristics of Polygonatum yunnanense are: stem height 1 -3 meters, tip often twining, impeller, 4-8 per whorl, leaves linear to linear needle shape, 6-20 cm long, 0.3-3 cm wide, apex acuminate and climbing. Pedicel bearing 2-3 flowers, not umbellate; perianth pink, 1.8-2.5 cm long, berry red when ripe.

growth habit

Rhizoma polygonati wild born in the damp mountain bushes and forest edge grass, cold, seedlings can winter in the field, but not in dry areas. Seed germination time is longer, germination rate is 60%-70%, seed life is 2 years.

cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

Choose moist and fully shaded plots, soil with loose texture, good water retention loam or sandy loam is appropriate. Before sowing, deep ploughing shall be carried out once, 2000kg farm manure shall be applied per mu in combination with soil preparation, ground fertilizer shall be used as base fertilizer, and then fine and flat ploughing shall be carried out, and the width of furrow shall be 1.2m.

2. Reproductive methods

1. Rhizome propagation: Select 1-2-year-old healthy plant rhizomes without diseases and insect pests around late autumn or early spring in late March, select young parts at the tip, cut into several sections, each section has 3-4 nodes, dry the wound slightly, plant according to row spacing of 22-24 cm, plant spacing of 10-16 cm, depth of 5 cm, slightly suppress and water after covering the soil, and water once every 3-5 days to keep the soil moist. When planting in late autumn, cover with manure and grass to keep warm.

(2) Seed propagation: After the seeds mature in August, select mature and plump seeds for sand storage immediately: 1 seed and 3 sand mixed evenly. Store in shady pits 30 cm deep, keep moist. The seeds are screened out in late March of the next year, evenly spread into shallow furrows on the ridge surface according to row spacing of 12-15 cm, covered with soil of about 1.5 cm, watered after slightly pressing, and covered with a layer of grass to keep moisture. Remove the cover grass before emergence, seedling height 6-9 cm, too dense can be appropriate thinning seedlings, transplanted after 1 year. In order to meet the shade conditions needed for polygonatum growth, corn can be planted on the ridge.

3. Field management

In the early stage of growth, intertill and weed frequently, once a year in April, June, September and November, shallow hoe and proper cultivation shall be carried out; in the later stage, weed pulling can be carried out. In case of drought or in the more sunny, dry places need timely watering. Every year, top dressing is carried out in combination with intertillage and weeding. After the first three intertillage, 1500 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer is applied per mu, 50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of cake fertilizer are mixed evenly, and then the soil is covered with fertilizer. Polygonatum avoid water and like shade, should pay attention to drainage and intercropping corn.

pest control

1, black spot disease: more than spring, summer and autumn occurrence, damage leaves. Control method: clear garden at harvest time, eliminate sick and disabled body; spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture in early stage, once every 7 days, 3 times continuously.

2. White grubs: harm larvae, harm roots, bite seedlings or eat seedlings roots, cause broken seedlings or root cavities, and cause serious harm. Control method: 75% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate can be used to dress seeds according to 0.1% of seed quantity; or in the field occurrence period, 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution can be used to irrigate seeds.

harvesting and processing

Generally, it is harvested in spring and autumn, and the harvest quality is good in autumn. After 3-4 years of cultivation, it is harvested after the aboveground part withers. The rhizomes are dug out, the aboveground parts and fibrous roots are removed, the soil is washed away, and the steamer is steamed until the oil is moist. Then, it is taken out and dried or dried, or boiled in water, and then taken out and dried or dried.

seed retention technique

Polygonatum sibiricum can be propagated by rhizomes and seeds, but it is better to use rhizomes for reproduction in production. In late autumn or early spring, around late March, healthy and disease-free plants can be selected to dig underground rhizomes as propagation materials for direct planting.