Cultivation Techniques of Angelica sinensis

Angelica sinensis, also known as Qin Gui, is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effects of tonifying blood, activating blood circulation, relieving pain and moistening intestines. it is mainly produced in Gansu, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces.

Morphological characteristics

Angelica sinensis is a perennial herb, 0.4-1 m high. Roots fleshy, conical, mostly branched after cultivation. After planting in the second year, the stem is erect, 1.2 meters high, light purple (a few are light comprehensive color). The leaves are 2 Mel 3-pinnately compound, with a sheath clasping stem at the base of the petiole. Terminal compound umbel, florets white. The fruit is oval and double hanging, and the two petals are dehiscent after maturity. The florescence is from June to July and the fruiting period is from August to September.

Growth habit

Angelica sinensis is an alpine plant, which requires cool and humid climatic conditions, and has the characteristics of being fond of fertilizer, afraid of waterlogging and high temperature. cultivation in areas with low elevations is not easy to pass the summer, and the temperature is too high to die easily. The seeds germinated well in the range of 10 ℃ and 25 min, and the seeds emerged in 15 days. Angelica sinensis has the phenomenon of early bolting, which should be overcome in production, generally raising seedlings and transplanting, and can be picked and dug in the third year.

Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and land preparation

The selection of a gentle slope from south to north requires loose soil and good structure. Lesser Fullness of Grain turned deeply in front of him once and broke the clod as a seedbed. The bed was 1 meter wide and the length varied with the terrain. The drainage ditch between the bed and the bed is 30 cm wide and 15 mi 20 cm deep. The planting land should be deeply ploughed and fine raked, and 2500 Mu of base fertilizer should be applied to 5000 kg per mu, which should be turned evenly with the same soil as a high border, with a width of 1.2 Mel 1.5 meters. The drainage ditch between the borders is 30 cm wide and 20 cm deep.

2. Mode of reproduction

Seedling raising and transplanting are often used in production. The sowing date should be determined according to the altitude and air temperature, about July in Gansu, Sichuan and Yunnan, and about August in Shaanxi. Sowing method for sowing, seeds mixed with ash scattered on the border, slightly suppressed, covered with a small amount of fine wet soil, covered with grass, to achieve light, moisturizing, seedling age of no more than 110 days. The sowing amount is 4m / mu and 5kg / mu Transplanting is divided into winter planting and spring planting, with a row spacing of 25 cm X 25 cm. Spring planting before and after the Qingming Festival, winter planting is suitable for transplanting after Cold Dew and before Frosts Descent. The seed direct seeding method can be used in winter, spring and autumn, and the early bolting of Angelica sinensis can be controlled, in which winter direct seeding is better, but the yield is not high.

3. Field management

① seedling management: the soil must be kept moist after sowing to facilitate seed germination. Pick loose cover grass for about 40 days. When the seedling height is about 3 cm, loosen the soil once, immediately pull out the weeds, after the summer day, choose the cloudy day to remove all the cover grass. Pay attention to drought prevention and drainage at seedling stage.

② seedling storage: Cold Dew to Frosts Descent, when the temperature drops to about 5 ℃, when the leaves begin to wither, dig up the seedlings, tie up some soil into small handfuls, dry and remove moisture for cellar or heap storage. Seedlings are too old to be stored. Pay attention to head-out and root-facing storage.

③ inter-seedling seedlings: under normal circumstances, after the seedlings come out about 20 days after transplanting, the seedlings should be replenished with small seedlings with soil in overcast and rainy days. The seedlings were fixed about 3 months after planting, and the diseased seedlings and weak seedlings were removed, and 1 plant was retained in each hole.

④ intermediate ploughing weeding: in the middle of May, weeding for the first time should be carried out with shallow hoe and no seedlings buried in the soil. In the middle of June, the second time of weeding, deep hoe can be used to promote root development.

⑤ bolting: after transplanting, the plants that blossom and bear fruit in the same year are called early bolting, and the roots can not be used medicinally, so they should be completely removed.

⑥ topdressing: Angelica is a fertilizer-loving plant. During the leaf peak period in late June and the root growth period in early August, phosphorus, potassium and ammonia fertilizer should be applied.

Pest control

1. Poliomyelitis

The peak period of disease is in mid-April, mid-June, early September and early November after transplanting of Angelica sinensis, which is harmful to the roots and most of the underground pests are beneficial to the disease.

[prevention and control methods]

① is sprayed on 15kg soil with 3911 granules per mu, 3kg of fine soil, 15kg of fine soil or 0.5kg of methyl isophosphate emulsion and 2.5kg of water, sprinkle and pour into the soil.

② regularly irrigates roots with broad-spectrum long-acting insecticides, 250g carbendazim gel suspension per mu or 600g topiramate plus 150kg water per mu, 50g diluent per plant, once in early May and mid-June respectively.

2. Sclerotinia disease

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is harmful to leaves, which is easy to occur under the condition of low temperature and high humidity, and the damage is more serious from July to August.

[prevention and control methods] non-continuous cropping, spraying 1000 times of 50% methyl tropicin 4 times in a row every IO day in the first half month.

3. Insect pests

The insect pests are mainly caused by golden needle adults and small land tigers.

[control methods] get rid of the grass inside and outside the field, pile it into a small pile, change the fresh grass for 10 days, and kill it with poison bait.

Harvesting and processing

After Angelica sinensis was transplanted, the aboveground part was cut off in the first 15 days of Frosts Descent, and the maturity was accelerated by exposure to the sun. When digging, strive to keep the root system intact, shake the soil, pick out the diseased root, scrape off the residual stem, place it in a ventilated place, wait for the water to evaporate, after the root strip is soft, tie it into small handfuls according to specifications, pile them in bamboo baskets, smoke and smoke with wet grass as fuel, avoid using open fire, after 10 days, when the skin is golden, cease fire and wait for it to dry. Angelica should not be dried in the sun or in the shade when processing.

Seed retention technique

For Angelica sinensis after seedling cultivation and transplanting, when harvested at the end of autumn, fertile soil, good plant growth, pest-free and shady areas were selected as seed fields, and the weeds were removed after the new leaves were issued in the second year. When the seedlings were about 15 cm high, the roots were fertilized, and when the flower axis of Angelica sinensis was drooping and the seed epidermis was pink in autumn, small handfuls were harvested and tied up in batches and hung in indoor ventilated, dry and smokeless places. After fully drying, threshing and storage. Angelica sinensis in direct seeding must create development conditions to promote early bolting and form seeds with full development, fullness and high maturity, but the seeds can only be used for direct seeding, not seedling and transplanting.