Planting technology of Ganoderma lucidum

Ganoderma lucidum, also known as Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum grass, is a precious medicinal fungus. The fast-growing and high-yield cultivation technology of Ganoderma lucidum in the field has the characteristics of no removal of bacterial sticks, fixed-point production of Ganoderma lucidum, directional water supply, high biological efficiency, good product quality and so on. 8000-10000 sticks can be planted per mu, and the economic benefit is considerable.

Stick hair bacteria

1. Formula of culture material

① hard sawdust 78%, wheat bran (or rice bran) 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%.

② cottonseed hull (or rattan residue) 78%, wheat bran 15-20%, gypsum 1-2%, sugar 1%, urea 0.4%, calcium superphosphate 0.6%.

The water content of the above culture material is 60%, and the pH value is 5.5-6.

2. Bagging and sterilization. Plastic bags use low-pressure polyethylene, specifications 60 cm × 15 cm, thick 4-5 wire, each bag contains 1 kg of dry material, the bag must be packed. A small amount of cultivation, manual loading can be adopted while pressing materials with sticks; large area cultivation, can be bagged by bagging machine. Fasten the mouth of the bag and seal it tightly after bagging. Bagging on the same day and sterilization on the same day. The sterilization was kept for 10-12 hours after the high temperature was raised to 100 ℃.

3. Inoculation and bacteria transmission. After the temperature of the bag drops to 30 ℃, inoculate in the inoculation box or inoculation room according to aseptic operation. Inoculation method: use the sterilized punch to punch 5 holes on the surface of the bag, arrange them in a straight line at an equal distance, with a pore diameter of 1.2-1.5 cm, and then quickly insert a small piece of bacteria into the hole with tweezers and apply 12 square centimeters of adhesive cloth to the mouth of the hole. Each bottle of bacteria can take 80-100 holes. The bacterial sticks after inoculation were immediately put into the culture room (the culture room was first disinfected with formaldehyde and the temperature was controlled at 22-25 ℃). After 5 days of culture, the bacterial sticks were arranged in the shape of "well" or triangle, with 8-12 layers in each row, 3-4 bags in each layer, and adjusted once every 5-6 days.

When the mycelium grows to more than 2 cm in diameter, uncover a corner of the tape to increase oxygen. Each stick only uncovers 1-2 holes at a time. After 45-60 days of culture, white or yellow bumps appeared on the surface of mycelium culture medium, indicating that it had reached physiological maturity and could produce mushrooms in the field.

Site selection of Ganoderma lucidum cultivation can be indoor or outdoor, general substitute cultivation in indoor, short wood cultivation in outdoor. As the optimum temperature for Ganoderma lucidum cultivation is 25 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, the site selection requires sufficient light in spring and autumn and cool in summer. The semi-basement is more suitable for the warm and wet conditions of Ganoderma lucidum. The best outdoor shade is in the shade, or you can build an artificial shade shed.

Field management

The vibrating film is not needed within 3-5 days after burying the bag, and the film is ventilated when the surface soil temperature exceeds 28 ℃. Gradually increase ventilation after 5 days, lift the film 2-3 times a day, 20-30 minutes each time, and then gradually increase. If the covering soil is white, it can be sprayed with uncovering film ventilation, and the amount of spraying water should be 25% of the water content of the covered soil, that is, the soil particles have no white heart. After the formation of small buds, water can be sprayed 1-2 times a day in the scaffolding to maintain the air relative humidity of 85-95%. Spray water should not fall on the cap as far as possible after the cap differentiation. The fruiting body cap stopped growing and reached the mature standard, and the first batch of processing was harvested.

Harvest and processing

Ganoderma lucidum has strong toughness, the base and culture material structure is also very close, not as easy as other fungi, inadvertently will break from the cap and stalk to reduce the grade. The best way is to clamp the base of Ganoderma lucidum with sharp-nosed pliers, remove impurities with scissors and dry immediately. Bake in time in case of cloudy and rainy days. Ganoderma lucidum is mainly used for medicine, and the processing is mainly dried. Store it in a non-toxic plastic bag immediately after drying to avoid moisture regain and deterioration.

After the first batch of mushrooms were harvested, ventilation was increased to promote the growth of hyphae, and heavy water was sprayed to promote the formation of buds. After the management is the same as before, 3 batches of Ganoderma lucidum can be harvested in the whole process.