High-yield cultivation techniques of Cassia seed

Cassia seed is the dry mature seed of legume annual herb Cassia, alias Cassia chinensis and Cassia angustifolia. Most of them are cultivated and are produced all over the country. The south is mainly produced in Anhui, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan, and the main producing areas in the north are Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other places. Small cassia seeds of the same genus are also produced all over the country, showing short cylindrical shape, small, long 3~5mm, diameter 2~3mm, yellowish green surface, a broad brown band ring on both sides of the edge line, slight gas, slightly bitter taste, and can also be used as medicine.

Growth habit

Cassia seed likes warmth, drought and cold tolerance, and is afraid of frost injury. Seedlings and adult plants are easily defoliated to death by frost, and the seeds can not mature. Cassia seed is not strict on land, and idle land can also be planted, but the sandy loam with good drainage, deep soil layer and loose and fertile soil is the best.

Planting technology

1. Seed selection: before sowing, the germination rate of seeds should be tested. Specific method: divide the full seeds into several parts, number them in turn, take out 125g to 250g in each part and put them into corresponding numbered utensils, soak them in warm water for about 50 ℃ for one day and night, pour out the water, rinse it again with clean water, then cover it with a wet cloth to maintain humidity, and bud can emerge one after another after three days, and those with a bud rate of more than 85% are selected as seeds.

2. Soil preparation: in the selected plots, circle fertilizer 2000~2500kg and superphosphate 25kg are applied per mu and scattered evenly on the ground, ploughing and raking fine and leveling. Generally, no border is made. If a border is made, it can be made into a flat border with a width of 1.2 to 1.5m.

3. Sowing: soak the superior seeds selected by the test in 50 ℃ warm water for one day and night, wait for them to inhale water to expand, fish out the dry surface, and then sow. The sowing time is from Qingming Festival to Grain Rain (mid-April), when the air temperature is 15-20 ℃, it is too early, the ground temperature is low, the seeds are easy to rot in the soil, and too late, the seeds can not mature, affecting the yield and quality. Strip sowing is suitable for sowing, row spacing 50~70cm, open 5~6cm deep ditch, seeds are evenly scattered in the ditch, covered with soil 3cm, slightly suppressed, and seedlings emerge about 10 days after sowing. If there is a drought in the north, it is necessary to irrigate before sowing, not to water after sowing, so as to avoid topsoil consolidation affecting seedling emergence.

Field management

1. Loosening soil and weeding: when the seedling height is 3~6cm, the weak or overdense seedlings are pulled out; when the seedling height is 10~13Cm, the plant distance is about 30cm. Soil loosening and weeding were carried out at the same time between seedlings and fixed seedlings to keep the soil loose. Cassia seed is relatively drought-tolerant, and the soil moisture can grow normally. In case of drought, it is appropriate to water the squatting seedlings, but the squatting seedlings should be watered less during the seedling fixing period. When White Dew (early September), the fruit tends to mature and can be stopped watering.

2. Topdressing: the height of the seedling is about 35cm. Before the plant is closed, calcium superphosphate 20kg and ammonium sulfate 10~15k8 are applied per mu, mixed between the rows, and then ploughed to cultivate the soil, the fertilizer is buried in the soil, and can prevent the plant from lodging.

Pest control

The most common disease of cassia seed is gray leaf spot, and its source is a kind of half-known fungus in fungi, which mainly harms leaves. At the beginning, a slight exhausted spot appears in the middle of the leaf, and then a gray mildew is produced on the spot. Before or at the initial stage of the disease, 65% Dysen zinc solution of 500 times or 800 times of 1000 times of 50% sterilization special solution was sprayed for treatment.

Insect pests mostly occurred in late spring and early summer, mainly bugs, sprayed with dimethoate emulsion into 200 times solution.

Harvest, processing and storage

Cassia seed gradually matured to the Autumn Equinox (late September), and began to harvest when the pods turned yellowish brown. The whole plant was cut and dried, seeds were beaten, and impurities were removed. Cassia seeds should be stored in a ventilated, dry and cool place, pay attention to moisture and prevent rodent damage.