High-yielding cultivation techniques of dandelion

Dandelion is called Huahualang in the south of the Yangtze River. It is a perennial herb of Compositae. A capitate flower with a ball of white crown hairs on its seeds, which floats to a new place with the wind to give birth to new life. Dandelion plants contain many kinds of healthy nutrients such as dandelion alcohol, dandelion, choline, organic acid, inulin and so on. It has the effects of diuresis, relieving diarrhea, relieving jaundice, cholagogic and so on. Dandelion also contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, trace elements and vitamins, has rich nutritional value, can be eaten raw, fried food, soup, is both medicine and food plants.

Harvest seeds

Dandelions usually blossom and bear seeds at the age of two. It blossoms from May to June in the wild, and there are individual plants and community growth. Dandelions bloom more and more as they get older, with a maximum of more than 20 flowers. The seed maturation period is short after flowering, and the seed can mature in 15 days after flowering. Whether the seeds are mature or not mainly depends on the shell of the disk from green to yellow, and the seeds of each disk from white to brown, that is, when the seeds are mature, they can be harvested. After the seeds are ripe, the catkins will soon fly away with the wind, and they can be harvested at the end of the disk when they crack, which is the key to the success or failure of seed harvest.

After the flower plate is picked, it is ripe indoors for 1 day. When the flower plate is all dispersed and then dried in the shade for 1 or 2 days, when the seed is semi-dry, rub off the flannel at the end of the seed with your hands, and then plant it to dry. The 1000-grain weight of large leaf type is 2 g, and that of leaflet type is 1 Mel 1.2 g.

Make a bed by preparing the ground

Choose the site for ①. Dandelion has strong adaptability to both drought and alkali tolerance, and likes loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam.

② fertilization. Apply organic fertilizer per hectare, preferably horse dung, 30000-45000 kg, mixed calcium superphosphate 225,300kg, evenly spread the ground, and then turn 20 cm deep.

③ makes beds and ridges. After the ground is leveled and raked fine, make a seeding bed with a width of 100 cm, a height of 15 cm and a length of 10 m or a ridge with a height of 30 cm, a base width of 30 cm and a shoulder width of 20 cm.

Sowing and burying roots

Sow seeds on the ① bed. Horizontally open a small trench 1 cm deep and 5 cm wide, sow the seeds evenly into the ditch, cover them with fine soil, and suppress them with wooden stalks, with a row spacing of 15 cm.

② ridge sowing. Make a trench 1 cm deep and 5 cm wide along the ridge. After sowing, cover the fine soil and suppress it with wood.

③ is buried and planted. In order to get on the market early and increase income, digging roots in the field and planting them in the greenhouse can get twice the result with half the effort. When dandelions are hit by frost for the first time in late autumn (mid-late October) and the leaves change from green to red, it is necessary to dig the roots of dandelions in the field, the whole root is the best. Make a bed in the greenhouse, as described above. According to the row spacing of 15 cm, plant spacing of 5 cm, buried in the original root surface position is appropriate, so that the root top seems to be exposed on the ground, can be compacted by hand. When the greenhouse temperature is controlled at about 20 ℃, dandelion can grow normally. If dandelion is put on the market in the peak season of market demand, the greenhouse temperature should be controlled to restrict the plant growth, and satisfactory results can be obtained.

In order to make the seedlings emerge earlier after sowing, we can use warm water to scald the seeds to promote germination, that is, put the seeds in 50-55 ℃ warm water, stir to cool, soak for 8 hours, fish out, wrap the seeds in a wet cloth and put them in a place of about 25 ℃. It is covered with a wet cloth and watered with 50 ℃ warm water every morning and evening. The seeds can be sown after 4 days of germination. The sowing rate is 11.25 kg per hectare.

Field management

① loosens the soil and weeds. Half a month after the emergence of dandelion seedlings, loosen the soil and weed once. The bed sowing is ploughed among the seedlings with a small hoe, and the ridge sowing is ploughed with a pick. After that, the soil was ploughed once every 10 days. Keep weeding manually after closing ridges.

The seedlings were fixed by ②. The leaves of the aboveground plants are large, so the management should fully consider that there is a certain space for plant growth, and should not be coveted by seedlings and affect the growth. Generally, the seedlings can be determined 10 days after emergence, and the row spacing is 5m / 10cm.

③ watering and fertilizing. Dandelions should be watered frequently during their growth to keep the soil moist. Dandelion needs a lot of water after emergence, so keeping the soil moist is the key to the growth of dandelion.

The sown dandelion could not be harvested that year. After entering winter, spread organic fertilizer on the bed (ridge) 2000 kg per 667m2, preferably rotten horse dung. In this way, it can not only play the role of fertilization, but also protect the root system safely through the winter. Do not advocate the application of chemical fertilizer, although the application of chemical fertilizer young plants and leaves black protruding long, but lost the connotation of green plants, but also lost the game style of dandelion. Generally speaking, each hectare can produce 9000m2, 10500kg.