Artificial planting technology of Polygala tenuifolia

Yuanzhi alias grass, chicken leg, chicken grass, has the effect of dispelling phlegm and calming the mind, increasing intelligence and increasing hearing. In the national market of traditional Chinese medicine, Yuanzhi has been expensive for many years. In recent years, the price trend is relatively stable, unified goods 24 murmur30 yuan / kg, but the choice of loading on the market is still very few, large goods are not many, the price is also above 35 Murray 50 yuan / kg. Due to the protection of wild species, the prohibition of digging and embargo, and the extinction of wild Polygala tenuifolia collected at one time, there is a shortage in the market at present. The development of artificial planting provides an unlimited development space for the majority of drug farmers, and the market prospect is promising.

Polygala tenuifolia is a very cold-resistant and drought-resistant herbal medicine with a wide range of adaptation and lax requirements for soil. it can grow regardless of barren mountains, wastelands, forest belts, grasslands and plains, but the growth of low-lying waterlogged land is poor. Yuanzhi can be planted in three seasons a year, and it is best to plant it after a lot of rain in arid areas. as long as the seedlings come out, they will never die again. According to our experiments, close planting of Polygala tenuifolia can obviously increase production. Every 667m2, 2--2.5kg is used to sow seeds in a wide range without seedlings, thus saving a lot of trouble. As long as we pay attention to ploughing and weeding. In practice, Polygala can be harvested after growing for 2 years, or for 3 years or perennials in the wilderness. The general output is 200--250kg/667 square meters, the mixed-grade goods are 25 murmur26 yuan / kg, and the first-grade goods are 45 murmur55 yuan / kg, and the benefit is more than 5000 yuan / 667square meters. Now the artificial planting technology of Polygala is introduced as follows.

Botanical characters of Polygala tenuifolia

The height of Polygala tenuifolia seedlings is about 33cm, the root is long, cylindrical, and the outer skin is light brown. The stem is tufted and the stem base is basically lignified. Leaves alternate, linear. Raceme, oblique to one side, florets light blue. The seeds are black and brown, florescence 5-June, fruiting 6-July.

Growth habits of Polygala tenuifolia

Yuanzhi is used to growing in dry fields, roadsides, hillsides, grass and other places, like cool climate, avoid high temperature, resistant to drought. It is suitable to grow on fertile, moist, well-drained loam or sandy loam with a large amount of humus. Wet or flooded land is not suitable for planting, which will cause leaves to turn yellow and fall off.

Cultivation techniques of Polygala tenuifolia

1. Land selection and preparation

According to the growth habits of Polygala, choose loam or sandy loam with high dryness and good drainage, or general farmland. As Polygala tenuifolia is a perennial plant, it is necessary to apply sufficient base fertilizer when ploughing the soil. Fully mature barnyard manure 2500--3000kg is applied every 667m2, 25--30cm is deeply ploughed, calcium superphosphate 50kg can be applied when ploughing the ground, and then rake flat and make a flat border.

2. Planting technology

Seed reproduction, live broadcast. Generally pour enough water on the whole plot and wait for the water to seep completely before sowing. Soak the seeds in water for 12 hours before sowing, mix them with 5 times fine sand after being fished out, open a shallow ditch according to the row spacing 18--21cm on the border surface, spread the seeds evenly into the ditch and cover the soil. Slightly suppressed and watered after sowing. The seedlings emerged about 15 days after spring sowing and in the second year spring after winter sowing.

3. Field management

(1) replenishing seedlings. When the seedling height is 3--5cm, the seedlings should be carried out according to the distance from the plant to 3--6cm, and the seedlings should be replenished in time where the seedlings are missing.

(2) loosening the soil and weeding. Polygala plant is short and grows slowly at seedling stage, so we should pay attention to loosening the soil and weeding so as to pull up the grass as soon as there is grass. Loosen the soil shallowly, use a rake to loosen the ground evenly, twice in a row, keep the soil surface loose and moist, and avoid weeds to cover up the plant.

(3) watering and fertilizing. Ambitious like drying, in addition to seed germination and seedling stage need appropriate watering, generally do not need frequent watering in the later growth stage. In winter and spring and from April to May each year, topdressing is given once, mainly phosphate fertilizer, and cake fertilizer 20--25kg or superphosphate 20kg can be applied every 667m2.

(4) extra-root topdressing. From mid-June to mid-July every year, 1% potassium sulfate 50--60kg or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 80--100kg is sprayed every 667 square meters, once every 10 days, 3 times in a row, preferably after 5 p.m. Spraying potash fertilizer can enhance the disease resistance of Polygala tenuifolia, promote root growth and expansion, and further increase root yield.

4. Pest control

(1) root rot. It occurs in the rainy season, causing damage to the roots. Field management should be strengthened, diseased plants should be removed and burned in time, and 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid 2muri should be sprayed 3 times every 7 days in the initial stage of the disease.

(2) leaf blight. It is easy to occur in high temperature season, causing damage to leaves. The method of prevention and treatment is that mancozeb 800 murmur1000-fold solution or redoxomycin 800-fold solution was foliar sprayed with 1 Murray twice.

(3) aphids. Spray with 1500 times of omethoate, once every 7 days, twice in a row.

Harvesting and processing of Polygala

1. Harvest: the seeds should be harvested in time when the fruit is ripe in August. The root can be harvested in the second year, and the root can be dug after the aboveground part withered in autumn.

2. Processing: after digging out the root, remove the soil and impurities, while the water is not dry, choose to rub it back and forth on the plate until the flesh is separated from the wood core, remove the wood heart, and dry it as Yuanzhi tube. The smaller root is softened with a wooden stick, removed from the wood and dried in the sun. Because the skin is not in the shape of a tube, it is named "Yuanzhi meat". Those who are too small to remove the wood heart are called "Yuanzhi Root". Sun-dried Yuanzhi is stored in a dry and ventilated place. Yuanzhi is best for those with thick cylinder, thick meat and clean wood heart.