Cultivation techniques of Ginseng

Ginseng is a perennial herb, which likes cool and humid climate. it grows in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest or mixed forest on mountain gentle slope or sloping land with small temperature difference between day and night. Because the root is enlarged, shaped like a spindle, often bifurcated, the whole picture is quite like a human head, hands, feet and limbs, so it is called ginseng. The ancient ginseng is called Rhizoma Polygonatum, Goblin and Divine Grass. Ginseng is known as the "king of all herbs". It is one of the famous "three treasures of Northeast China" (ginseng, mink and pilose antler). It is a famous and precious medicine both at home and abroad, old and young.

Plant characteristics

Ginseng plant 33-66 cm tall, stem simple, erect, cylindrical, smooth glabrous. The leaves are palmately compound, with long stalks, the basal leaves are the smallest, the leaflets are elliptic, the margin is serrulate, the surface is green, and there are sparse hairs along the leaf green. Umbels are born alone, with more than 40 florets, yellowish green. The lower end of the stem is often divided, and there is a rhizome at the top, commonly known as Reed head.

Growth characteristics

Ginseng likes cold, half-yin and half-yang growth, cold-resistant, avoid strong light. It is necessary to set up a shade when cultivating. The ginseng border is suitable for entering the sun before 8 am and 6 pm, and the ginseng leaves will scorch in the direct light at noon. It is suitable to grow in the temperature below 25 ℃. Forest humus soil is the most suitable for cutting ginseng, farmland soil with fully mature pig manure, compost and other cool fertilizers can also be planted. Require tussah, Tilia, stick and other broad-leaved woodland, the soil is neutral or weakly acidic. Planting ginseng in farmland, it is better to plant Gramineae and Leguminosae in the previous crop, such as corn, sorghum, millet, soybean, wheat and so on. The rhizome crop is not good for the previous crop. The land that has been planted with ginseng is not suitable to plant ginseng in a short time. Fear of stagnant water, avoid drought.

Ginseng seeds are sown as soon as they are collected, and they can only germinate after 20-21 months and 8-9 months. Because ginseng seeds have two processes of embryonic post-ripening and physiological post-ripening, certain temperature and humidity conditions are needed to complete this process. Under field conditions, the seeds are sown in 5 cm thick soil, and the soil moisture is about 35%. From sowing to the seed crack, the soil temperature is about 17-18 ℃. At this time, the change of soil temperature from high to low can be divided into three stages: the first stage is the visible dot from sowing to the seed embryo, and the average temperature is about 21 ℃; the second stage is from the visible dot to the point, and the average ground temperature is about 17.4 ℃. The third stage is that the endosperm accounts for 1 to 2 of the endosperm, when the endosperm continues to grow for one stage, and then passes through a low temperature of more than 3 months (about 5 ℃), and when the temperature rises to 11.8-15.2 ℃ in spring, the germination rate can reach more than 90% in 20 days.

Planting and cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

The environment for planting ginseng requires places free from flood, drought, wind and freezing damage. In order to cultivate ginseng in farmland in plain area, it is necessary to choose land with high topography, loose and fertile soil, strong water retention and good drainage. Ginseng likes forest rot zone soil. if the content of organic matter in soil is low, organic fertilizer must be added during soil preparation to make the soil fertile and similar to forest humus soil. If the general farmland is used as cultivation land, corn, millet, legumes and wheat are better in the previous stubble; corn and beans can also be sown in spring and turned into green manure in summer, all of which are applied with 1 prime 3 mature pig manure, rotten deciduous leaves, green manure (soybean stem node), cake manure, 1 peat 3 charcoal, and if the soil quality is tight, add an appropriate amount of fine sand, turn it over and over 3 times with 1 bank repeatedly to make it uniform, and then make a high border. When mixing soil, 0.01kg to 0.025kg superphosphate should be applied per square meter to increase fertility, or 2.5kg of pig manure, 1kg of old house soil, 0.5kg of bean cake and calcium superphosphate should be mixed well with border soil. In order to cultivate ginseng on mountain slopes, we should choose gentle slopes with a slope of 525 degrees and high dryness, while terraces and mountains are generally 20 degrees and 30 degrees. Too large slope is inconvenient to operate, and it is easy to cause soil erosion. It is appropriate to choose the soil with thicker humus (about 13 cm), and a certain amount of base fertilizer should be applied under certain conditions.

After the mountain area has been selected, the site will be dealt with. Remove the trees and stones from the site, then cut off the shrubs and grass, spread them evenly on the ground to dry, and start a fire on all sides, choose a windless day, a clear space, ignite and burn them all into red charcoal to put out the fire. It can be buried with soil or irrigated with water, which increases phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and kills underground pests. It increases the ground temperature and accelerates ripening.

Mountain ginseng has a principle: "wear a hat, belt, boots", in order to prevent soil erosion. Set aside a dam to block and drain water according to the steep slope. So determine the location of the drainage dam after burning the site. Generally, there is a pedal every 2000-4000 cm, 100 cm wide. The angle between the slope of the pedal and the mountain contour line is 2-3 degrees, leaving the pedal tree pillar to play a fixed role. When turning the ground, the position of the fixed pedal will not be turned over. The stones should be put. It is difficult to detect sundries to the side of the pedal. It is made into the shape of a dam to block water and drain water.

Determine the direction of the ginseng border: mainly make use of Fuyang and Evening Sun to avoid the direct sunlight at noon. Most of the ginseng beds planted in the mountains go due south. Due to the north, if there is a high mountain influence from east to west, it is better to be slightly west, and the north and south slopes can be laid along the mountain, but the slope from the east to the west is not large. Rain Water can flow along the river and can make a border along a mountain or an inclined mountain. After the direction is set, staked and marked with white ash. The universal standard line of ginseng border is determined by compass or theodolite. Set up the instrument at one end of the ground, adjust the degree on the instrument in line with the degree required by the bed, find the position of the standard pole from the mirror tube, make it coincide with the compass cross, insert a stake at the standard point and the weight of the compass, connect the two piles with the measuring rope, and sprinkle white ash along the measuring rope to form the datum line. The end line is made perpendicular from the two ends of the baseline. From the two ends of the baseline, along the direction of the end line, use the measuring rope or size rod to measure the width of the border string (border width and working path width) and insert the pole. The two corresponding piles on the end line are connected with the measuring line to form a center line parallel to the datum line. The area between the two lines is a ginseng border, and the length of the border depends on the plot and topography.

Land preparation: ploughing the land in the first year, the use of the next year, summer and autumn. The sowing land was ploughed in July of the following year. Transplanting land in September ploughing 15 to 20 centimeters deep, inconvenient places to use people to dig the ground, along the border string with picks or shovels, spades turned up in the middle of the border application, stacked into ridges for weathering. Dig out all the roots and fill the pit to prevent stagnant water. Break up the soil. After the thin pile in the middle of the border string, pour the soil again before sowing or planting ginseng, thoroughly remove impurities such as broken stones and tree roots, and make the bed. When planting ginseng in our country, we adopt the method of planting American ginseng, with one shed and multiple rows, with a width of 130 cm to 150 cm, a spacing of 50 cm, and a width of 200 cm; two rows in one shed, 130 cm in width, 50 cm in width, 50 cm in width and 200 cm in width; one shed in one shed, 120 cm to 150 cm in width, 150 cm to 200 cm in width, and 20 cm in height.

The direction of the border should be determined at the same time as selecting the land. Ginseng taboo strong direct sunlight, after setting up a shade shed in the ginseng border, in principle, do not make the noon strong sunlight direct light ginseng seedlings. The height of the ginseng border is 20-33 cm; the width of the border is 100-130 cm; the length of the border is not limited, and the width of the operating path is 130-300 cm, which should be able to keep the operation convenient and ventilated. Ginseng is cultivated in mountainous areas, and the traditional cultivation methods of Chinese ginseng are all in Changbai Mountain and Xing'an Mountains. In 1998, severe floods occurred in Northeast China and the south of the Yangtze River, which were directly related to deforestation. In the future, when planting ginseng in mountainous areas, attention should be paid to soil and water conservation.

2. Methods of reproduction

Seed propagation, first raising seedlings and then transplanting, is often used in artificial cultivation.

① seedling raising

There are spring sowing, summer sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing is planted in the middle of March and autumn sowing in late October. The seeds used can be sowed after germination or without treatment according to the specific conditions. Spring sowing can accelerate seed germination and sow seeds; dry seeds can be sowed every other year in early June (before Grain in Beard); water seeds collected in summer sowing can be sown from late July to late August, and this method is often used at present. Seeds sown in autumn also need sprouting treatment.

There are many methods of accelerating germination to make the seed complete the post-ripening stage of seed embryo and accelerate its germination under the condition of appropriate temperature and humidity. Two methods are introduced as follows: soak the seeds in clean water for 48 hours to make them fully absorb water, take out and mix well with twice wet sand (half of fine sand and humus, humidity of about 35%, suitable for hand holding and falling to the ground), put it in a bowl, place it at a temperature of 1820 ℃, and often keep it moist. After 2 to 3 months, most of the cracks in the seeds can be sown. If the seeds are not sown immediately, they should be frozen in the kiln or stored in outdoor soil in winter to restrain the elongation of buds.

② outdoor sprouting

Choose a site with sunny leeward, high dryness and good drainage, dig a deep pit of 23cm and 33cm, and put it into a bottomless wooden frame (or a frame made of masonry). The size of the frame depends on the number of seeds. Mix the seeds with twice the amount of the mixture (1 beat 3 fine sand, 2 bank 3 humus soil, wet to the point where the hands are held, fall to the ground, and then mix with the seeds) into a manhole, covered with about 6 cm, firm. Cover it with grass curtain at night and rainy day, open it in daytime and sunny day, take it out and mix it every 1-2 weeks, adjust moisture, and then put it in the manhole. After 2-3 months, the seeds will crack.

In areas with higher temperature, dry seed direct seeding can be tried in early June, and the post-ripening stage of seed embryo is completed after sowing, and seedlings emerge in the following spring. In practice, although seeds with imperfect germination treatment do not emerge at that time, they can also emerge the following year. This is the reason.

③ water seed sowing

The seeds collected from July to August can be sown after washing off the pulp. The seeds can also be collected and stored in wet sand one after another and sown centrally. In this way, the post-ripening stage of seed embryo can be completed under natural conditions, and seedlings will emerge in the next spring.

Sowing methods include on-demand, strip sowing and sowing. On demand, that is, press holes at a distance of 3 cm and put in 1 seed, which makes the ginseng seedlings grow evenly and save seeds, but it takes a lot of work; sowing costs seeds and saves labor; strip sowing is somewhere between the two. At present, broadcasting is mostly used. When sowing, scrape the border surface into 5 '6cm deep grooves with a plank, sow the seeds, flatten the original, and keep the soil moist. If the seedlings emerge in the following year, they should be covered with a layer of grass and pressed by 3cm to 6cm. 0.03 to 0.05 kg of seeds per square meter, transplanting: seedlings grow for 2 ~ 4 years, usually in 3 years. If the soil fertility is not high, it can also be transplanted again. It can be transplanted in both spring and autumn, and now it is adopted to cultivate ginseng seedlings for two years in the production areas of our country, one is to make full use of water, fertilizer and light in the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of ginseng seedlings. The survival rate of the two-year-old ginseng seedling is high, because the ginseng seedling is small, it is easy to slow down the seedling, and the reproductive growth period increases by one year, which is beneficial to the weight gain of ginseng root.

Autumn planting is generally used, and autumn planting is carried out in October. Plant ginseng the first day to get up the seedlings, plant how many, long-distance reference, to use moss packaging. Select ginseng seedlings with enlarged buds, full pulp, intact Reed head and complete and robust buds. Ginseng seedlings disinfection with 150 units of antimycin, 120 times Bordeaux solution and other solution soaked for 5 minutes for 10 minutes, do not soak buds, take out a little dry, transplant. For the convenience of field management, it is divided into three to seven grades according to the size of ginseng seedlings, and generally divided into three grades. Ginseng seedlings should be strictly covered with white cloth to prevent the wind from being exposed to the sun. The surface of the planting ginseng border is scraped with a scraper (26 cm long, 16 cm wide, with a thin blade underneath and a comb-shaped back). The bottom of the ditch is flat or sloping. Swing the ginseng seedlings to the end of the border, cover the soil with a scraper and press the ginseng beard, and then cover the soil. Plant upside down to the last row, that is, the head of the Reed is facing the end of the border, and the ginseng must be opposite to each other. After planting rake flat border surface, make the border slightly higher in order to drain water, cover the residual leaves of plant straw, and cover the soil 3-6 cm. The row spacing, the number of ginseng seedlings and the depth of ginseng seedlings should be different according to the size of ginseng seedlings.

3. Field management

After the soil is thawed, the cold-proof grass is removed when the bud has not yet germinated, and rake is used to loosen the soil once, and the depth is not to hurt the root. In the future, the soil should be loosened three times or four times a year. After the cold protection is removed, the border surface should be fully disinfected with chemicals in time, which is an effective measure to protect seedlings, prevent diseases and increase production. In particular, transplanting sites and plots with serious diseases, before and after cold protection, 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution, 1% copper sulfate 100ml / L, multi-antibiotic or mancozeb 1000 times solution, mancozeb 1000 times solution and other comprehensive disinfection. The dosage should be 1cm or 2cm into the bed, then loosen the soil and infiltrate the liquid into the soil. Ginseng top medicine is unearthed, which plays the role of sterilization, seedling protection and disease prevention. After loosening the soil for the first time, a shade shed was built just after emergence or without emergence. The height of the eaves in front of the shed was 100cm, and the height of the eaves was 66cm. The difference was called mouth opening, usually 26cm and 33cm. Covered with grass curtain, Reed curtain, board, you can also use Reed. Tree strips and other materials are woven into a simple curtain with a width of 200 cm and 250 cm and a transmittance of about 30%. A double flat canopy can be used, which means that it can penetrate light and rain. After the ginseng leaves are unfolded, the leaves are covered with 3 cm and 5 cm leaves on the simple city border to maintain soil moisture, prevent soil hardening and Rain Water erosion, and reduce diseases.

The soil should be watered properly when the soil is dry, especially when planting ginseng in the area with less rainfall. Loosen the soil after watering to prevent stagnant water in the rainy season.

In addition to planting land, other plots should cut out inflorescences at the flower bud stage and increase the reported yield. Pinching method: hold the stem of ginseng with the left hand and pinch with the right hand, never pull and pull hard, for fear of hurting the plant, the buds pinched out will be dried in the sun to make ginseng tea, ginseng essence or extract saponins. Usually only five-year-old seeds are left.

In the hot summer season, broad-leaved branches are inserted into the eaves in front of the border to prevent the ginseng leaves from being scorched and the early death of fallen leaves. It is better to plant a row of corn after the simple curtain ginseng bed, which can also play a shading role. Ginseng has super-light, four-or five-year-old seedlings growing outside the border, the plant is very large, and tends to light, so cultivate soil in the roots and prevent strong wind, rain and lodging. It can also be pulled to prevent the overlight from falling out.

Autumn ginseng management: from late July to early August, the fruit ripens one after another. It is collected twice, when the fruit is red, the seeds or pedicels are cut off, the diseased seeds and pedicels are removed, the flesh is rubbed off, the seeds are washed in clean water, the pulp and grained grains are washed, and the full seeds sunk under the water are fished out and placed on the mat to dry or shade. When the moisture content of the seeds is reduced to about 15%. Mix with sand in a certain container and bury it in a cool place to prevent rain from getting wet. The next year, take it out and sprout, or sow directly without sand. After the ginseng withered in autumn, the border was covered with grass over the winter, and the curtain could be removed or not.

4. Field management in winter

Snow on ① and snow removal

After the beginning of winter, the general board shed, curtain shed should be removed or opened, so that winter snow falls on the border, play the role of cold prevention and heat preservation. When there is little snow on the border in winter, it is necessary to snow manually, especially the ginseng border that does not remove the shed, be sure to pinch the snow on the working path to cover evenly on the border surface, with a thickness of more than 15 cm.

When the snow falls on the border from late autumn to freezing or thawing in spring, after melting into snow water, it is easy to seep into the border, making ginseng susceptible to disease, rotten buds, rotten roots and broken belly, so the snow must be removed in time. Do not put down the curtain of the ginseng, when the snow thickness of more than 10 centimeters, easy to crush the shed, but also to be removed in time.

② prevents Peach Blossom Water

From March to April every year, the snow begins to melt, often because the drainage ditch is not well dug or blocked, the snow water can not flow out, the stagnant water is immersed in the bed, and the water flow is easy to wash out the ginseng border or spread over the border. Ginseng in the affected area is susceptible to disease, rotten buds and rotten roots, so preventive work must be done. When the ice and snow melts, send someone to check, dredge the place where the water is stored, and lead to peach blossom water.

③ to prevent slow Yang freezing

The temperature changes greatly in early winter and early spring, especially in sunny slopes and tuyere places, Bai Wu thaws and freezes at night, and it is very easy to cause ginseng roots to suffer from thawing frost damage, commonly known as slow sun freezing, which must not be taken lightly and should be prepared without any trouble. therefore, when going up cold-proof soil or cold-proof materials, we must meet the standard, and when cleaning the drainage ditch, add more soil or cover a curtain to the border surface to prevent the occurrence of sun-aid freezing damage.

Disease prevention and cure

1. Blight

Also known as soil choking disease, the pathogen is a half-known fungus in fungi. The disease mainly occurs in the stage of seedling emergence and leaf expansion, and the disease is serious in one to three years. The stem of the injured ginseng seedlings showed brown ring constriction at the junction of dry and wet soil under the soil surface, and the seedlings collapsed and died.

Prevention and cure method

From 1 to 2 months before ① sowing, the soil was fumigated with 80ml of chloropicrin per square meter. When making a bed, apply 50% carbendazim wettable powder 0.01 kg to 0.015 kg per square meter, mix people in a soil layer 3-5 cm deep to disinfect the soil, and then sow seeds. If mixed with prednisone or metalaxyl, it can also treat the broken disease caused by rot mold. Or mix 50% thiram wettable powder 0.4-0.8 kg with 70% soil bacteria anti-wettable powder 0.4-0.7 kg per 100 kg of seeds, or mix seeds with 40% double wettable powder 0.5 kg.

When diseased plants were found in ② nursery bed, the diseased plants were pulled out in time, and the bed surface was irrigated with the above agents to prevent spread.

2. Spot disease

The pathogen is a kind of half-known bacteria in fungi. The disease mainly harms leaves, and stems and fruits can also be damaged when they are red-ripe. The leaves produce irregular or nearly round brown disease spots, and when the leaves are serious, the leaves fall off early. After the red ripe fruit is damaged, it becomes black and shriveled, and the seeds are black in varying degrees.

Prevention and cure method

① did a good job in clearing the garden and cleared and burned the pathogens in time.

At the initial stage of leaf expansion, ② uses 100,200 units of polyantimycin, and after leaf expansion, especially in the rainy season, it can be sprayed with 1RU 120 Bordeaux solution, 50% prohydantoin 500 × 800 liquid or imidazolium 400 times, etc., which should be used alternately.

In the plots with serious ③ disease, the ginseng border operation road and ginseng were thoroughly disinfected with 100 units of polyantimycin or 1% copper sulfate solution.

3. Epidemic disease

Blight, also known as "towels", is a kind of algal bacteria in fungi. The disease mainly harms leaves, and roots can also be damaged. The diseased leaves are dark green water stains. The root showed light yellowish brown soft rot after injury, the root bark was easy to peel off, and the internal tissue showed a yellowish brown irregular pattern. The disease is more serious in the rainy season.

Prevention and cure method

If the central diseased plant is found, pull it out immediately, and disinfect the diseased point and surrounding soil with cuproammonium mixture (1:1:1500), 1% copper sulfate or 70% dixon 500 times solution to prevent spread. Strengthen field management and timely drainage in rainy season. At the beginning of disease, spray 1:120 Bordeaux mixture, 40% ethyl phosphorus aluminum 300 times solution or 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 1000 times solution or drench the middle and lower parts of plants and soil surface. It is best to spray after heavy rain, once every 7~10 days, for 2~3 consecutive times.

4. Rust rot

The pathogen is a semi-known fungus. The disease mainly damages roots and buds, and the base of stems can also be affected. Red rust spots on the roots, gradually expanding, causing root rot.

control methods

Strengthen cultivation management, select disease-free plants to avoid causing wounds, soak roots with 200 ml/L for 10 minutes, or soak roots with 5% carbendazim 500 times solution for 15 minutes, disinfect soil with carbendazim 0.01-0.015 kg per square meter before planting, and fully overturn the soil before planting ginseng. In rainy season, timely drainage, timely removal of dead diseased plants, treatment of disease points with lime. At the onset stage, the diseased point was irrigated with 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution. Crop rotation with gramineous crops has a certain preventive effect.

5. Sclerotium disease

The pathogen is an ascomycete of fungi. This disease harms roots, and only the epidermis remains after the affected roots rot, with brown sclerotinia inside and outside.

control methods

Seed dressing with 50% prochloraz or prohydantoin wettable powder according to 0.1%~0.3% of seed weight, or irrigating with 500 times solution of the above-mentioned chemicals and 40% sclerotium. Discovered diseased plant timely pull out, with quicklime or 1%-5% lime milk disease point disinfection.

6. Root rot

The pathogen is a semi-known fungus. The disease damages the roots, and the affected roots are gray and black wet rot.

control methods

Drain water in time in rainy season to avoid excessive humidity. 50% carbendazim, 70% tujunxiao or 50% thiram were used to treat the soil per square meter during planting, and 500 times of the above chemicals were used to irrigate the soil during disease onset.

pest control

1. White grubs

White grubs, also known as "white silkworm", is a Coleoptera chafer family. To larvae damage, bite off ginseng seedlings or mouth ginseng roots, resulting in broken seedlings, broken roots hollow, serious damage. During the day, it is often found 3~6 cm above or near the rhizosphere of the injured plant.

2. Ground tiger

Ground tiger also known as "Silkworm","Black Silkworm" and so on, is a lepidoptera Noctuidae, mainly small tiger and yellow ground tiger. To larvae damage, gnawing roots. White is often found on the rhizosphere or near the surface of the injured plant.

3. mole cricket

Mole cricket also known as "earth dog","Lala cricket" and so on, is an Orthoptera mole cricket family, mainly North China mole cricket and African mole cricket two species. Adult or nymph gnaws seedlings and tunnels in the soil, often with hemp filaments at the broken parts of the injured seedlings.

4, insects

The insect is also called kadou insect, which belongs to coleoptera kadou insect family. There are mainly two kinds of insects: fine chest insect and groove insect. Damage to seedling roots with larvae.

The control methods of the above four types of underground pests are basically the same

① The manure applied should be fully decomposed, and it is best to use high temperature compost.

Light traps adults. In the field with a black light lamp or lantern or electric lamp to trap, put under the lamp containing insects container, filled with appropriate amount of water, water can make a little kerosene.

(3) Seed dressing with 75% phoxim EC at 0.1% seed weight.

④ In the field, 90% trichlorfon 1000 times or 75% phoxim EC 700% times was used for irrigation.

5. Poison bait trapping. 25 grams of chlorine breast milk oil mixed with 5 kilograms of incense, add appropriate amount of water to make poison bait, in the evening scattered in the field or ridge surface trap.

harvesting and processing

Generally cultivated for six years (six years old) harvest processing, there are more than six years to harvest. From the middle of September to the middle of October, the ginseng roots are collected in a controlled manner to prevent trauma when digging, and the ginseng roots are packed into sacks or baskets and transported back for processing after the stems are removed from the ground.

1. Red Ginseng

Select pulp foot is not soft, complete, no spots of ginseng roots washed clean, put in a steamer steamed for 2 to 3 hours, light after the fire Huan fire. Large processing units have been steamed with steam, large quantity, fast progress. Dry or bake, cutting off the lower part of reed head and branch root during drying. Cut off the root drying bundle into a bundle, that is, red ginseng beard. Bundled into a bundle of small hair after drying steam also red, that is, curved beard.

2, sugar ginseng

Wash the root of ginseng with soft root and insufficient slurry, put it in a fumigation box, and light sulfur for fumigation for 10 - 12 hours. Put it in the basket with the back facing down, blanch it in boiling water for 15 minutes, soften the root, and then put it out for about half an hour when the heart is slightly hard. Lay the ginseng on the board and tie it up with a needle discharger. Then use the bone system to tie a few needles from bottom to top, but not penetrate. After the tie, the head is outward and the tail is inward. It is horizontally placed in the jar. The wood should be loaded too full. Put a curtain over it and hold it down with a stone. Cook sugar until it is bright and silky. Pour it into the jar filled with ginseng roots when it is hot. Leave it for 10-12 hours. placing into a ginseng dish for drying until the ginseng dish is not sticky, and performing the second needle-discharging and sugar-filling. Dry or bake after pouring 3 times according to this method.

sugar boiling method

For the first sugar infusion, 0.5kg ginseng requires 0.65kg white sugar, 0.5kg sugar and 0.15kg water. First put the water into the hot pot, add sugar and then fire, while boiling while stirring, boil to the required standard can be. For the second time, 1.5 kg ginseng, 0.5 kg sugar and 100 g water were added to the first syrup and boiled again. The second sugar infusion uses the second syrup, which can be boiled.

3. Raw sun-dried ginseng

The sun is divided into the lower beard and the whole beard. The lower whiskers are sun-dried, and the selected body is short and has disease scars; the whole whiskers are sun-dried, and the ginseng with large body, good shape and complete beard should be selected. The lower whiskers are dried except for the taproot and the large wen newspaper, and the rest are all removed. All the whiskers are not exposed to the sun, only the small main whiskers are removed. Wash the soil after the beard, scrape the scar with a bamboo knife, put it in a fumigation box and fumigate it with sulfur for 10~12 hours, and take it out to dry or bake it.