Scientific cultivation techniques of Panax Notoginseng

Panax notoginseng is a plant of Panax ginseng of Araliaceae, which is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine in China, mainly produced in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan and other places. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the safety of the production of medicinal materials. in order to bring the production of Panax notoginseng in line with the international requirements, the center of gravity of the production of Panax notoginseng must be transferred from output to quality. in order to ensure that the commercial Panax notoginseng has the characteristics of high saponins, low agricultural residues and low heavy metal content. Now the cultivation techniques of Panax notoginseng are introduced as follows for reference and application.

Land selection and land preparation

The moderate acid sandy loam should be selected for planting Panax notoginseng, and the plot with certain slope is convenient for drainage and irrigation. the soil pH value is 5.57.0m and the altitude is 1000-1800m. In order to ensure the production of high quality Panax notoginseng, it is necessary to consider whether the content of agricultural residues and heavy metals in the soil exceeds the standard. The limit standards are as follows: 666 ≤ 0.2mg ≤ 0.2mg lmg/kg,As DDT ≤ 0.2mg ≤ 50mg ≤ 80mg lmg/kg,As 20mg/kg CD ≤ 2mg cash Hg and ≤ 20mg/kg, Panax notoginseng soil preparation requires three ploughs and three harrows, fully broken soil, and after sunlight exposure, there have been planted plots of Panax notoginseng. 50-70kg lime should be used for disinfection per mu of land.

Building a shed and making a bed

Planting piles according to 1.8 × 1.8m, the shed materials can be used special shading net of Panax notoginseng, or local materials can be used, using branches, mountain grass and crop straw, but the light transmittance needs to be adjusted to between 8% and 15%, not more than 20%, and absolutely not more than 30%, otherwise Panax notoginseng can not grow normally. The height of the shade canopy is about 1.8-2m, too low is not conducive to agricultural operation, too high is easy to be affected by wind disaster. The border of Panax notoginseng is required to be 120-140cm wide and 15-20cm high, and made into a tile type, so that the soil is solid and empty.

Sowing and transplanting

The seeds of Panax notoginseng are post-mature and need to be preserved in wet sand from December to January of the following year before they can be released from dormancy, and then they can be sown. Sowing according to the specification of 4x5cm self-made template, 2-3cm deep soil holes were made on the border surface for on-demand sowing, and the sowing rate was 180000-200000 seeds per mu. The transplanting of seedlings is required from December to January of the following year. The method also uses the template of 10 × 12.5cm or 10 × 15cm to make the dormant buds transplant downward, and the planting density is 26000-32000 plants / mu. Before sowing and transplanting, the seeds should be soaked with 64% poisonous alum + 50% carbendazim 500 times solution. After planting, the seeds should be covered with fiery soil or fine soil and mixed with farm manure until the sowing material is not visible, followed by a layer of crushed mountain grass or pine hair.

Field management

1. Drought-resistant watering: after sowing, Panax notoginseng does not emerge until March-April, during which artificial watering is needed (if the soil has night tide, it can not be irrigated). The method needs to be sprinkled to the border surface with sprinkler, generally irrigating 2-3 times a month until the rainy season comes.

2. Adjust the light transmittance: the light transmittance of one and two-year-old Panax notoginseng is low, which is generally about 10%, while that of three-year-old Panax notoginseng requires a strong light transmittance, which is about 15%. By adjusting the light transmittance in the shade shed, the root weight of a single plant can be increased.

3. Topdressing: panax notoginseng bud stage (June) and flowering stage (September) are the peak of fertilizer absorption, so topdressing should be carried out at this time. The topdressing of Panax notoginseng is mainly farm manure, supplemented by a small amount of compound fertilizer, the amount of topdressing of farm manure is 2000-2500kg/ mu / time, and that of compound fertilizer is 10-15kg/ mu / time.

4. Bud picking, flower thinning and fruit protection: in the cool area where the main goal is to produce root tuber, when the flower base of Panax notoginseng is 3-5cm, the root yield can be greatly increased. The satisfactory yield of red seeds (fruits) of Panax notoginseng can be obtained by thinning out the inflorescence of the central bud in the reserved field at the flowering stage of Panax notoginseng.

5. Cleaning of the seventh garden: remove all kinds of weeds in the panax notoginseng garden in time, remove the remains of diseased plants, and stay away from burning or deep burial in the seventh garden. The cleaning of Qiyuan is an important measure to improve the light transmission of Panax notoginseng and prevent the spread of diseases, which must be paid great attention to.

Pest control

Because Panax notoginseng has been cultivated for a long time (2-3 years) and grows in shady and humid environment, the diseases of Panax notoginseng are more and spread rapidly, and the main diseases are black spot and root rot. The insect pests of Panax notoginseng generally do not pose a harm, and phoxim can be used for 1-2 times in the whole growth period.

1. Black spot disease: it spreads in the rainy season, showing light brown oval disease spots on leaves and stems, then black mildew in the depression, and kink in severe cases. At the initial stage of the disease, 40% sclerotia net 500x solution + 70% methyl topiramate 500x solution was used as foliar spray, or 45% Dysenamine water agent 1000 times liquid foliar spray.

2. Root rot: Panax notoginseng root rot is a soil-borne disease, which mainly occurs at seedling stage (March-April) and flowering stage (August-October). Its symptoms are leaf wilting and yellowing, root or rhizome rot. In the initial stage of the disease, 10% leaf kujing + 70% dimethazone + 25% trimethoprim each lkg/ mu, mixed with fine soil 150kg to make medicine soil has a better control effect.

Prohibition of pesticides

High-quality cultivation of Panax notoginseng must prohibit the use of high-toxic and high-residue pesticides, organochlorine: DDT, BHC, pentachloronitrobenzene, acaryl alcohol. Organophosphorus: methamidophos, methamidophos, omethoate, rice blast, trichlorfon. Organic arsenic: Tuijute, Tian an, Fumei arsine. Carbamate lipids: carbofuran, Batan. Organic mercury, fluorine preparations, etc.

Harvest

Spring Panax notoginseng (no seed) is harvested in October, winter notoginseng (seed) is harvested in December; after cleaning, it is dried or baked, and the water content is kept at 12%, 13%, and then collided and polished to become commodity Panax notoginseng.