Planting technique of Flos Lonicerae

Honeysuckle alias honeysuckle, double flowers, two flowers, two treasure flowers, honeysuckle family perennial vines, medicinal parts for buds, mainly produced in Henan, Shandong, most areas of the country are distributed, born in hills, valleys, forest edge. Honeysuckle has been famous for its extensive medicinal value since ancient times. Its main effect is to clear away heat and detoxify, and to treat fever, heat-toxic blood dysentery, carbuncle and furuncle.

The growth habits of honeysuckle

The growth and development process of honeysuckle can be roughly divided into three stages: germination and leaf expansion stage, bud flowering stage and growth stagnation stage:

1. Leaf germination and leaf expansion period: leaf buds germinate in late March and grow in early April.

2, bud flowering period: bud begins in late May, flowering 15 days later. From early May to early June, the first crop of flowers accounts for 80%-90% of the annual yield. The second crop of flowers blooms from late July to early August, and the yield accounts for 15%-20% of the whole year. Buds appear green first, then white, and open at 4-5 p.m.

3. Stagnation period: the second crop of flowers will bear fruit immediately after flowering, and the fruit will be ripe in September. After frost in late October, some leaves wither and enter winter state.

After 3-5 years of planting, honeysuckle flowers gradually increase, 7-8 years after high yield, 20 years after decline, need to renew. Honeysuckle likes sunshine and mild, humid environment, growth temperature is 20-30 degrees. Cold-resistant, drought-tolerant, lax on soil requirements, acid, saline-alkali soil can grow.

Cultivation techniques of honeysuckle

1. Land selection and preparation

Seedling, choose loose soil, fertile, good drainage sandy soil and irrigation convenient, there are water sources. After selecting the land, deeply turn the soil more than 30 cm, break the soil blocks, level and rake fine, and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Then make a width of 1, 3 meters high bed seeding seedlings or cuttage seedlings. Planting land can be planted on scattered plots such as barren slope, edge of land, ditch side and house front and back. First deep ploughing land, apply sufficient base fertilizer, level rake fine to do high ridge or high ridge planting.

2. Breeding methods

Cuttage propagation mainly, but also seed propagation and sub-root layering propagation, cuttage propagation sub-direct cuttage and cuttage seedling two methods.

① Cutting period: can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn. Spring should be in the bud before germination, autumn in early September to mid-October.

(2) Selection and treatment of cuttings: It is advisable to select 1-2-year-old strong and substantial branches, cut cuttings about 30 cm long, and each root has at least 3 nodes. Then, remove the lower leaves, leave the upper 2-4 leaves, cut the lower end near the node into a smooth inclined plane, tie every 50 roots into a small bundle, quickly dip the lower inclined plane with 500-fold solution of indole butyric acid for 5-10 seconds, and immediately carry out cuttage after drying slightly.

(3) Direct cuttage: dig holes according to the row spacing of 150×150 cm or 170×170 cm on the whole planting ground, the hole diameter and depth are 40 cm respectively, dig loose subsoil, and apply decomposed manure or compost 5 kg to each hole. Then, the cuttings are evenly spread, 3-5 cuttings are inserted into each hole, the depth of soil is 1/2-2/3 of the cuttings, fine soil is filled and pressed tightly with feet, and water is poured once to keep the soil moist. It can take root and sprout in about 1 month.

4. Cuttage seedling: on the cutting bed with smooth rake, draw lines according to the row spacing of 15-20 cm, and punch holes on the ridge surface with small wooden sticks or bamboo chopsticks every 3-5 cm. Then, insert the cuttings 1/2-2/3 obliquely into the holes, compact them tightly, and then pour water once. If in early spring when cutting low temperature, cutting bed to build plastic film arch shed, heat preservation moisture. About half a month can take root and sprout, then remove the plastic film, seedling management. Spring planting in the winter of the year or the spring of the second year out of the nursery planting. Summer and autumn cuttage seedlings were transplanted in spring of the following year. Cuttage seedlings in a short period of time to obtain a large number of nutritious seedlings.

3. Transplanting techniques

It is carried out before germination in early spring or during dormancy in autumn and winter. In the whole planting ground, dig holes according to row spacing of 150 cm and plant spacing of 120 cm, width and depth of 30-40 cm respectively, and apply 5 kg of soil fertilizer to each hole and mix well with subsoil. Then, each hole planted seedlings 1 plant, fill fine soil compaction, solid, irrigation fixed root water. After survival, through shaping pruning, make creeping vine form erect single plant short shrub. Increase branches, enlarge crown, from 1 crop per year to 3-4 crops per year. The yield can be greatly increased.

Field management of honeysuckle

1. Intertill weeding: after transplanting, intertill weeding 3-4 times a year. In the first year, when new leaves sprout in spring, the second time in June, the third time in July and August, and the fourth time in late autumn and early winter. After intertillage weeding, it should also be cultivated with the rhizosphere of plants to facilitate winter. When cultivating, it should be shallow around the plant rhizosphere and deep in the distance to avoid damaging the roots, otherwise it will affect the growth of the plant roots. After the third year, depending on the growth of weeds, the number of intertillage weeding can be appropriately reduced.

2, topdressing: every year after germination in early spring and after each flower bud, should be a topdressing. In spring and summer, decomposed human and livestock manure or ammonium sulfate, urea and other nitrogen fertilizers are applied, and shallow ditches are opened beside the plants, and soil is covered after application; in winter, decomposed manure or compost 5- 10kg, ammonium sulfate 100g and calcium superphosphate 200g are applied to each mound, and circular ditches are opened around the flower mound, and soil is covered with fertilizer and cultivated, and the thickness is 5cm.

3. Shaping and pruning: after transplanting, one strong plant is reserved in each hole, and pruned and cultivated into umbrella-shaped upright small shrubs. Shaping and pruning methods: 1-2 years after planting, mainly to cultivate upright and sturdy trunk. When the trunk height is 30-40 cm, cut off the tip to promote lateral bud germination into branches. After germination in the spring of the second year, 4-5 stout branches are selected from the upper part of the trunk as main branches, which are divided into two layers. In winter, 5-6 pairs of buds remain in the primary branch from the main branch, and the upper part is cut off. Later, 6-7 pairs of buds were reserved from the secondary branches growing from the primary branches, and the upper parts were cut off. And then from the secondary branches grow out of the flower, pick off the young shoots hook. Generally, after spring, the dense and short young branches sprouted in the secondary branches or on the original old flowering branches are flowering branches and should be retained. Through shaping and pruning, honeysuckle will change from the original twining growth to the umbrella house-shaped shrub flower pier with sparse branches, uniform distribution, ventilation and light transmission, thick and upright trunk.

Honeysuckle has the characteristic that the new branches can develop into flower buds in the current year, and the pruning measures can promote multiple new branches and flower buds, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing yield. Winter pruning is carried out every year after frost and before freezing. Old branches, diseased branches, thin branches, long branches that cross and disturb the tree shape should also be cut off, so that nutrients are concentrated in new branches and flower buds. Summer pruning is carried out after each harvest. After each pruning, topdressing should be done once. The pruning procedure is as follows:

① Fixed stem: In the spring planting year or the second year of autumn planting, when the branches are about 33 cm long, the fixed stem is carried out. The trunk generally selects upright, stout branches, about 16 cm-27 cm away from the ground, the upper end is cut off, the second step is to select lateral branches, 3-5 thick branches evenly distributed and not shaded on the trunk, and cut off two-thirds of the tip. After pruning, urea 50g and calcium superphosphate 100g were applied to each stump, and intertillage and weeding were often carried out.

2 winter pruning: winter pruning after winter. Mainly cut off the branches growing out of the trunk, and select a small number of mother branches that can bloom next year on the main branches.

4, drainage irrigation: flowering if dry weather or excessive rain, will cause a large number of flowers, retting flowers, young flowers and other phenomena. Therefore, irrigation and drainage should be done in time.

Prevention and Control of Diseases and Pests of Honeysuckle

1. Powdery mildew

Harm honeysuckle leaves and tender stems. At the initial stage of leaf disease, round white velvety mildew spots appeared, which expanded continuously and connected into pieces to form white pink spots of different sizes. Finally, it causes flowers to fall, leaves to wither, and branches to dry up.

Control methods:

① Breeding of disease-resistant varieties: Most of the varieties with thick branches, dense nodes and short nodes, thick green leaves and dense villi are highly resistant.

(2) Rational close planting, shaping and pruning, improving ventilation and light transmission conditions can enhance disease resistance.

③ Spray with 100g of 50% colloidal sulfur, 100g of 90% trichlorfon, 15g of 50% dimethoate and 20kg of water, which can also control aphids.

④ When the disease is serious, spray 25% triadimefon 1500 times solution or 50% thiophane 1000 times solution once every seven days for 3-4 times.

2. Coffee tiger beetle

Overwintering as larvae and adults. The overwintering adults bite through the epidermis of honeysuckle branches in the middle of April of the second year, and the overwintering larvae pupate from the end of April to the middle of May, and emerge as adults in the last ten days of May. After mating, adults lay eggs under the old skin of stout branches. After the eggs hatch, larvae begin to bore into the xylem, causing the trunk to die. After breaking, the cavity is filled with sawdust and insect droppings.

Control methods:

(1) Sucrose and vinegar solution was prepared with sugar 1 min, vinegar 5 min, water 4 min and trichlorfon 0, 01 min.

② In July and August, when the radial leaves suddenly wither, remove the dead branches and catch them artificially.

(3) spraying 600 times solution of 50% ZnS EC at the peak of oviposition. Other pests are controlled by conventional methods.

Harvesting and processing of honeysuckle

1. Harvest. It usually blooms in the third year after planting. The flowering time of honeysuckle is concentrated, about 15 days, timely picking is the key to improve the yield and quality of honeysuckle. Generally, the first crop of flowers is picked in the middle and late May, and the second, third and fourth crops are picked successively after more than one month. Harvesting must be done before buds open. When the buds are green to white, the upper part is swollen, and the lower part is cyan, the honeysuckle is called two white flowers; the flowers harvested when the buds are completely white are called "white needles". Within a day, the flower buds picked from early morning to 9 am are of the best quality, because the dew is not dry at this time, the immature flower buds will not be damaged, and the honeysuckle fragrance is strong, so as to keep the color. Early, poor quality, low yield; late, reduce medicinal value.

2. Processing. After picking, it should be processed in time to prevent stacking fermentation, and it can be dried or dried.

① Drying: Spread the flowers thinly on the sun mat to dry, do not turn them arbitrarily, otherwise they will turn black or rot. It is best to dry on the same day, white, good color.

② Drying: The temperature should not be too high at the beginning of drying, and it should be controlled at about 30 degrees. After baking for 2 hours, the temperature can be raised to about 40 degrees, and the flowers will gradually discharge water vapor. After 5-10 hours, keep the room temperature at 45-50 degrees C, bake for 10 hours, most of the moisture can be discharged. Finally, raise the room temperature to 55-60 degrees to dry the flowers quickly. Drying quality is better than drying, high yield. However, it should be noted that: drying can not be turned over, nor can it stop baking halfway, otherwise it will deteriorate.