High-yielding planting management techniques of Shegan

Shegan, also known as Cungan, black fan, golden butterfly, belongs to the Iridaceae plant, with the rhizome of medicine, with heat-clearing, detoxification, phlegm, pharynx function. Its rhizome contains subwild iris flavone and other ingredients, which has the effects of anti-inflammation and detoxification, antivirus, diuresis and inhibition of cervical cancer cells. Shegan is mainly produced in Hubei, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces, as well as Zhejiang, Fujian, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and other provinces. When the air temperature is 20: 25 ℃ and the soil moisture is 50%, the seeds begin to germinate; when the air temperature is 25: 35 ℃, the light time is long, the soil temperature is high, and the rainfall is sufficient, the seeds grow vigorously; the dry shoot is resistant to drought and cold, and it can survive the winter naturally in the area with an air temperature of-17 ℃. Shegan is not strict with the soil, and the plants grow well in the sandy loam with high topography, loose fertility and good drainage. The pH of soil is neutral and slightly alkaline. The rhizome of low-lying waterlogged land is easy to rot.

Land selection and preparation

To shoot dry planting land, it is appropriate to choose sandy soil, flat land or gentle slope land with high topography, sunny, deep soil layer and good drainage. If the barren mountain sloping land is used for planting, it is appropriate to turn the land in autumn and winter in the first year, so that it has a period of weathering and ripening process, and then plough again in the spring of the following year to remove tree roots, weeds and stones. Those planted with cultivated land shall be ploughed once before planting, and 2000 kg of compost or barnyard manure, 25 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of cake manure shall be applied as base manure, and shallow rake once after application to make the manure soil mix evenly, with a high border of 120cm to 130cm wide, or a ridge of 50cm in width.

Planting

It can be planted in spring in March or autumn in November. When planting, the hole was opened according to the row spacing of 25 cm × 20 cm or 30 cm × 20 cm, the depth of the hole was 15 cm, 0 and 5 kg of soil fertilizer was applied at the bottom of the hole, and mixed well with the hole soil, then 1-2 segments of the seed stem were put into each hole, the bud eye was up, or 2 seedlings were planted in the hole, compacted with soil, poured into thin human and animal dung water and then covered with soil to flatten the border surface.

If the dry shoot uses seed direct seeding, it can be sown in spring or autumn. Spring sowing takes place in early March and autumn sowing takes place in October. Dig the hole on the border surface according to the row spacing of 30 cm and the plant spacing of 25 cm. The hole depth is 6 cm. The bottom of the hole is leveled. 0.5 kg of dry manure is applied to each hole. After mixing well with the soil in the hole, cover with fine soil about 2 cm thick. Sow 5-6 seeds in each hole, cover fine soil after sowing, and cover grass on the border. After sowing, the management should be strengthened and the border soil should be often watered to keep the soil moist, so as to facilitate seed germination and seedling growth. After the seedlings were unearthed, the seedlings were ploughed and weeded in time. When the seedlings were 6 cm high and 10 cm high, the seedlings were weak and small, leaving strong seedlings and large seedlings, leaving 1 and 2 seedlings in each hole. The seed consumption is about 5 kg per 667 square meters.

Intermediate ploughing and weeding

After shoot-drying or transplanting, weeding should be done frequently to facilitate plant growth, usually 3-4 times a year. If it is the first year of spring sowing, it should be held in May, July and November respectively. It was conducted three times in the second year, in March, June and November, respectively. No longer ploughing and weeding after the closure. In addition, after the plant was withered and yellow in November every year, the fine soil in the ditch was cultivated around the rhizosphere with the combination of weeding and soil cultivation in order to facilitate the plant to survive the winter and prevent lodging.

Topdressing

Shegan is a fertilizer-loving plant. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, it is fertilized once in spring, summer, autumn and winter of the second year. Topdressing in spring and summer, 1500 kg of human and animal dung water or 25 kg of urea was applied every 667m2, and a hole was opened 10 cm outside the plant. In autumn, stable fertilizer, plant ash mixed fertilizer 1500-2000 kg and compound fertilizer 25 kg were applied every 667 square meters, and the soil was cultivated after application. 1500 kg of rotten barnyard manure, 20 kg of plant ash, 25 kg of superphosphate and 30 kg of compound fertilizer were applied every 667m2 in winter. The first two times of topdressing could promote the growth of aboveground stems and leaves, while the next two times of topdressing could promote the growth of rhizomes and increase the yield.

Drainage irrigation

Shoot dry for fear of waterlogging, dredge the ditch in time after heavy rain, and remove the water from the ground to prevent the rhizome from rotting. Although Shegan is tolerant to drought, it is necessary to keep the border soil moist at the seedling stage and after transplanting, so as to facilitate the growth of seedlings. In case of drought at seedling stage, it should be properly watered or irrigated. After the seedling height is 10 cm, less or no water can be irrigated.

Pick buds

Those planted with rhizomes can blossom in the same year; those planted with seeds or direct seeding will not blossom until the following year, and their flowering period is long, flowering and fruiting is more, which consumes a lot of nutrients and affects the growth of rhizomes. In addition to keeping the seed land, the buds should be removed after the dew is dry on a sunny morning during bolting, and be removed in stages and in batches.