High-yielding planting techniques of Bupleurum

Bupleurum is one of 40 varieties of bulk medicinal materials, with an annual demand of more than 3 million kilograms. It has the characteristics of high medicinal value, good development prospects, stable market and so on. The wild resources of Bupleurum are exhausted. Due to the high technical content required, the price of Bupleurum is difficult to meet the market demand. Its price has been running at a high price. Since 1996, it has been between 20 and 30 yuan. The current market price is 280,32 yuan / kg. The investment of Bupleurum in that year was effective. The yield per mu is generally 150,200kg, and the high yield can reach 300kg in two years. According to the market price of 30 yuan / kg, the benefit per mu is about 5000 yuan, and another 15 kilograms of Bupleurum species can be collected. The benefit per mu is more than 6000 yuan, and the total cost of planting Bupleurum excluding seeds, man-hours, labor, land and chemical fertilizer is 1000 yuan, and the general net profit is about 5000 yuan, which is more than 10 times that of other food crops.

Planting characteristics

Because of its own factors, it is better to plant Bupleurum in winter or early spring. The reasons are as follows: (1) the life period of Bupleurum species is relatively short. Scientific experiments have proved that after Bupleurum seeds are harvested, the germination rate is 85% within 3 months and 50% within 6 months. With the passage of time, the germination rate becomes lower and lower. (2) the requirement of temperature is strict. Bupleurum is suitable for germination at 10: 20 ℃. The germination rate of Bupleurum is reduced to 30% at 30 ℃ and 20% at 35 ℃. (3) the seeds are small and there is a layer of horniness on the surface of the seeds. It usually takes 20 days for the seeds to germinate. (4) it is better to use the method of natural prevention. The so-called anti-natural law, that is, planted in winter, germinated in spring, with ground temperature to give constant temperature type of natural protection, the effect is very good and there is no need to cover grass.

Enter the ground and prepare the earth

Bupleurum is resistant to cold and drought, but avoid flooding. It is appropriate to choose sandy soil with deep and fertile soil, loose soil and good drainage and irrigation. Before sowing Bupleurum, deeply turn the soil, level off and rake fine, combined with soil preparation, apply 2000-3000 kg of rotten farm manure, 10-15 kg of diammonium, or 20-30 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu.

Cultivation techniques

Bupleurum is mainly propagated by seeds, which can generally be sown in winter and spring, but it is better to sow in winter. Spring emergence is early and complete. Winter sowing should be carried out from November to early December. The amount of seeds per mu should be 3-4 kg. Before sowing, the seeds should be treated well. Bupleurum seeds are small and there is a layer of horniness on the seed surface. Generally, the seedlings can emerge only after the horniness is degraded after sowing, which is often easy to affect the normal emergence on time, so that the emergence is not complete. After the seeds are selected, soak in warm water, put appropriate amount into the washing powder, gently scrub, rinse the washing powder with clean water and dry it for storage for sowing. When sowing, mix the seeds well with fine loess and plant ash before sowing. The sowing method can be divided into two ways: trench sowing or sowing, ditch sowing can put fertilizer into the ditch first, when sowing seeds, the cover soil should not be too thick, only the soil should not exceed 0.5 inch thick. Sowing can be spread evenly on the surface of the field with mixed seeds on the leveled ground, and a shallow artificial cover can be used after sowing. Where there are conditions, the field can be irrigated with water, filled with soil, and properly suppressed. Seedlings can emerge after spring, and the method of spring sowing is the same as that of winter sowing, but it needs to be covered with grass and moisturized.

Field management

After the seedling emergence is complete, combined with fertilization, the soil is loosened once, and the seedling length is about 1 to 2 inches. The seedlings should be combined with weeding, and the overdense small thin seedlings should be pulled out. The seedlings should be kept according to the plant spacing of 1 to 2 inches and the row spacing of 5 to 6 inches. Calcium superphosphate 20 kg, ammonium sulfate 10 kg 15 kg, trench application between rows can be applied, and then the soil cover is strict. During the flowering and budding stage, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 kg can be sprayed to fertilize outside the root to promote fruit setting. It is necessary to drain and drain waterlogging in time when there is too much rain, so as to reduce the humidity in the field and prevent rotting roots, and pay attention to the harm of diseases and insect pests during the whole growing period. in general, pests should mainly be used to control underground pests, and insecticidal and insecticidal double powders can be used. 100g / mu can be used to mix well with the soil and sow in the soil to prevent underground pests such as tigers, grubs, golden needles and so on. Aphids, leaf green insects and other pests that occur during the growing period can be sprayed with 90% trichlorfon or 40% omethoate emulsion 200 times as well as dimethoate, Kuaishaling and other pesticides.

Harvest and processing

Collection of stems, seeds and medicinal roots of Bupleurum. For the collection of stems and seeds, when the seeds appear yellow and black and the leaves have all withered, the stems can be cut off together with the seeds, threshing, drying the stems and seeds separately, properly preserving them, and selling them later. The medicinal roots should generally be harvested two years later, and the medicinal roots can be harvested manually, all the roots can be dug out, and all the roots can not be dug out directly, so as to prevent root cutting affecting yield and increase income. The roots should be sorted out, the same size and neat, tied into small handfuls, dried and sold.