Planting techniques of Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra chinensis is a plant of the genus Schisandra in Magnoliaceae, which is used in medicine with its fruit. It can collect the lungs, nourish the kidney, stop sweating, stop diarrhea and purge essence. It is commonly used in clinical treatment of cough and asthma, spontaneous sweating, night sweats, spermatorrhea, chronic diarrhea and mental weakness. Mainly produced in Northeast, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Shandong, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces.

Plant characteristics of Schisandra chinensis

Perennial deciduous woody vines, up to 800 cm long. Stem bark grayish brown, lenticels obvious; branchlets brown, slightly angular. Leaves alternate, petiole slender; leaf blade thin, slightly membranous, ovate, broadly Obovate to broadly elliptic, 5-11 cm long and 3-7 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, base cuneate or broadly cuneate, margin sparsely glandular denticulate, glossy above, glabrous, pubescent on lower veins when tender. Summer yellow-white and pinkish flowers, fragrant, unisexual, dioecious; tepals 6-9, outer whorl smaller; male flowers with 5 stamens, filaments United into short column, anthers with wider anther septum, pollen sac inserted on both sides; female carpels numerous, spirally arranged. The receptacle elongated gradually after anthesis and showed a long spike when the fruit was ripe. The fleshy fruit was sparsely globular and indehiscent, dark red when ripe and wrinkled after drying.

Growth characteristics of Schisandra chinensis

Humus soil or loose and fertile loam can be cultivated in a shady and humid environment. Tolerance to cold, avoid low-lying land, seedlings are afraid of strong light.

Propagation methods of Schisandra chinensis

There are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction, and seed reproduction is often used in large area production.

1. Seed treatment

① seed treatment: soak the seeds in cold water for 3 days, then soak the seeds with gibberellin 2.5 to the power of 10 or copper sulfate solution for 24 hours, the seedlings emerge 40 days after seed, the growth is slow, and the germination rate is 68% and 56% respectively. Soak the seeds with copper sulfate for 7 minutes, take them out and wash them with water. Soak the seeds in a solution of gibberellin 5: 10 to the power of 4 for 12 hours. Seedlings emerge 15 days to one month after sowing. The seedling rate can reach 70%.

② sowing time: Schisandra chinensis is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing in May or strip sowing, row spacing of 10 cm, covering soil 1.53 cm, sowing amount of about 0.03 kg per square meter. Pour water thoroughly and cover the grass to preserve soil moisture. After emergence, remove the grass cover, build a shelf for shade, ventilation and a small amount of sunlight. Remove the shed when the seedling height is 5cm, set the seedlings according to the plant spacing of 5cm, topdressing urea of 5kg per hectare, plant to the field in the spring of the second or third year, and plant according to the row spacing of 100cm * 50cm. Manure is applied once a year, and the new branches from the rhizome are cut off in time. It is better to use autumn sowing in actual production. Some use the new seeds of the year. Rinse off the flesh with clean water and sow seeds in August, then build a scaffolding 100 to 150 centimeters high, shaded by Reed curtains or curtains, and water the soil dryly. When the seedlings grow 2 or 3 true leaves, the shade can be removed and weeds are often removed. The seedlings should be covered with grass in winter and can be planted in the next spring. Planted between north and south rows or at equal height, the row spacing is 50cm 100cm * 150cm 200cm.

2. Striping propagation: select strong stem vines before spring germination, remove nearby withered branches, leaves and weeds, dig a hole 10 to 15 centimeters deep on the ground at intervals, carefully remove Schisandra stem vines from climbing plants, and place them in the pit to cover the soil steadily. after taking root and drawing vines, they will become new plants and transplant in the next year.

3. Cutting propagation: one-year-old branches or late autumn flowers are selected before spring plants germinate, solid and robust branches are cut in the rainy season, cut into 12-15 cm long segments with 2-3 buds, the upper incision is cut into a 45-degree slope, and the cuttings are soaked with ABT1 rooting powder 150-66 power for 6 hours or naphthalene acetic acid NAA, 500-10-6 power for 12 hours, mixed loam 3 sand 1 part on the seedling bed. The row spacing is 12 cm, the plant spacing is 6-9 cm, the oblique insertion depth is 2 + 3 of the cuttings, the bed surface is covered with blue plastic film, and it is often watered. It can also be cut in the greenhouse temperature-controlled seedling bed, and the bed surface is covered with blue plastic film and flower curtain to adjust the temperature. Shading, temperature controlled at 20: 25 ℃, relative humidity 90%, shade 60% 70%, rooting rate 38% 87%, planted in the following spring.

Cultivation techniques of Schisandra chinensis

1. Land selection and preparation: select moist environment, loose and fertile loam or humus soil, under forests with irrigation conditions, river valleys, both sides of streams, about 15 degrees hillside, shade degree 50% to 60%, places with ventilation and light, topography selected, land preparation, ploughing and fine ploughing, low-lying plots prone to waterlogging Rain Water can be made into high beds, beds about 15 cm high, dry and dry, and areas with less Rain Water can be made into flat beds. No matter which kind of bed should have a loose soil layer of more than 15 centimeters, the border width is 120-150 centimeters, depending on the seed and topography. Apply 5-10 kg of rotten barnyard manure per square meter, mix evenly with the bed soil, and cuddle the border surface for sowing.

2. Planting in the field: about 60 centimeters away from the tree, plant one plant on one side. This method of planting has a high yield. Artificial frame, according to the row spacing of 100 cm * 50 cm, 60 cm * 50 cm planted Schisandra chinensis seedlings. Between the north and south lines to facilitate ventilation and light, dig holes of about 30 cm deep and wide, mix fertilizer and soil well in the hole. When planting seedlings, fill half of the soil, slightly lift the seedlings will straighten the root system, which is conducive to survival. Steady, watering, water seepage and then cover a layer of soil moisture.

Field management

1. Irrigation and fertilization: Schisandra likes water and fertilizer, and its growth in the seedling stage is very slow, so it is necessary to often water, weed and fertilize. In addition to providing enough water, the pregnant bud blooming and fruiting stage needs a lot of fertilizer, usually twice a year, before the first leaf exhibition and before the second flowering, each plant is topdressing 5-10kg of rotten farm manure, 30-50cm from the root, and a ring ditch 15-20cm deep around, do not hurt the root, cover the soil after application; the second topdressing, appropriately increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to promote fruit ripening.

2. Erection: after the second year of transplanting, the frame is set up, and the material is made of cement column or angle steel, and a horizontal line is drawn on the upper part of the column with wooden pole or bamboo pole or No. 8 iron wire. each main vine stands a bamboo pole or wooden pole, 250cm in height and 1.5cm in diameter, fixed on the horizontal line with rope, leading the stem of Schisandra chinensis to the shelf according to the right-hand direction, tied up with rope, and then all are naturally on the shelf.

3. Pruning: except for the cultivation of 3 or 4 sturdy branches per plant, most of the other basal branches are cut off and pruned in spring, summer and autumn in a year.

① spring pruning: cut off short fruiting branches and withered branches, leave 8-12 buds for long fruiting branches and cut off the rest. After pruning, the branches are moderately dense and do not interfere with each other, and proceed before germination.

② summer pruning: from the first ten days of May to the first and middle of August, cut off the basal branches, bore branches, overlapping branches and disease and insect branches. New branches that are too dense should also be thinned or truncated.

③ autumn shearing: after the defoliation, cut the basic branches. Three pruning should pay attention to leave 2 or 3 vegetative branches as the main branches, and lead the vines on the shelf.

4. Loosening soil and weeding: Schisandra chinensis should loosen the soil and weed in time during the growth period, keep the soil loose, free of weeds, do not hurt the roots, and make a good tree plate at the base to facilitate irrigation.

Pest control

1. Leaf blight

[hazard characteristics] at the beginning of the disease, it originated from the leaf tip or edge, infected the whole leaf surface, made it withered, yellow and shedding, and when the ear was serious, the ear fell off.

[prevention and control methods] strengthen field management and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. At the initial stage of the disease, the patients were sprayed with 100-fold Bordeaux solution, once every 7 days, several times in succession.

2. Leaf curlers

[damage characteristics] the larvae are harmful, causing curling leaves, affecting fruit growth, and even shedding.

[control method] spray with 50% phoxim 1500 times or 50% phoxim 1500 times or 40% dimethoate 1000 times or 80% trichlorfon 1500 times.

Harvest and processing of Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra chinensis seedlings bear fruit after 5 years, asexual reproduction for 3 years, usually bear a large amount of fruit 4 ~ 5 years after planting, and the fruits are picked and dried in the sun or shade from August to September. Timely harvest is very important, otherwise the yield and quality are involved. The quality of the goods harvested early is poor, the late-ripening ones are too late, and the pericarp is easy to break, so it is not convenient to dry. The method of drying fruit is: cushion branches under the mat, put 3 cm thick Schisandra chinensis on the mat, sun for 3-5 days, stir gently, and dry after 2-3 weeks. In case of cloudy and rainy days in the harvest season, it should be dried with a low fire, but the temperature should not be too high, otherwise the volatile oil will be volatile and the fruit will be zoomed.