Planting techniques of Platycodon grandiflorum

Platycodon grandiflorum is a perennial herb belonging to Platycodon grandiflorum of the family Platycodon grandiflorum. Root medicine has the function of relieving lung, dispelling cold, expectorant and purging pus. Platycodon grandiflorum likes mild climate, cold resistance and sunshine, it is appropriate to loam, sandy loam, clay loam and humus loam, avoid stagnant water, afraid of wind damage. It is cultivated all over the north and south of our country, especially the quality of "Platycodon grandiflorum" in Tongcheng, Anhui Province.

Platycodon grandiflorum is not only a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, but also can cook. When planting Platycodon grandiflorum, the fresh product of Platycodon grandiflorum (biennial fleshy root) can be harvested from 800kg to 1200 kg, and the income can be calculated at the protection price of 5.5yuan / kg (fresh) per kilogram of Platycodon grandiflorum. Platycodon grandiflorum has strong adaptability and simple cultivation techniques. It can be cultivated in both north and south of China, and is suitable for large area cultivation, so it has broad development prospects. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

The choice of land

Platycodon grandiflorum is suitable to grow in loose soil, especially in sloping land and mountainous area, the topography of half-shade and half-yang is the best, and flat land cultivation should have good drainage conditions. Platycodon grandiflorum is not suitable for continuous cropping.

Land preparation

Platycodon grandiflorum has longer fleshy roots, so it is best to be cultivated on ridges. In early spring (mid-late April) sprinkle farm manure to plough and rake the land fine and level (30cm deep). When making ridges, first put a grid line 2 meters apart on the ground, open a ditch, and then separate the soil in the ditch to both sides to make a ridge bed with a width of 1.7 meters and a width of about 30 centimeters. In case of drought, it can be irrigated along the ditch in preparation for sowing.

Selection of improved varieties

Platycodon grandiflorum seeds should be more than 2 years old non-aging seeds (seeds accumulated for one year, the germination rate should be reduced by more than 70%), and germination tests should be carried out before planting to ensure that the seed germination rate is more than 70%. The specific method of germination test is as follows: take a small amount of seeds, soak them in warm water of 40 ℃-50 ℃ for 8-12 hours, remove the seeds, drain water, put them on a cloth, mix them with wet sand, promote germination at a temperature of about 25 ℃, and pay attention to turning and spraying water in time. 4 Mel can germinate in 6 days.

Sowing seeds

Platycodon grandiflorum can be sowed in spring or summer. Sowing in spring should be around the middle of May, that is, when the ground temperature is above 15 ℃, and in summer, sowing should be before late July. It is appropriate for us to carry out strip sowing when we pick up Rain Water (in mid-late May). Before sowing, open a small ditch 5 cm wide and 2 cm deep on the ridge bed according to the row spacing, spread the seeds evenly, about 1-1.2 kg per mu, and then immediately cover the rotten fine dung or rotten soil with a depth of about 3 cm, which must be consistent. After sowing, cover the mulch and use the enemy to kill 2000 times to spray soil moisture to control pests under the enemy to ensure the emergence rate.

Fertilizer application

Before sowing in the field, Platycodon grandiflorum can apply 20003000 kg farm fertilizer, 40 kg grain compound fertilizer and 30 kg calcium superphosphate per mu. In order to control grub, 1 kg of methyl enemy powder and farm manure can be applied evenly before ploughing. In the later stage, clear manure water or urea can be used for topdressing and raising seedlings with urea 25 kg or clear dung water in July and August of the second year. Clear dung water can be applied about 2 tons per mu each time, and the concentration can be about 10%. If the concentration is high after topdressing, you should wash the seedlings with clean water in time.

Field management

It takes about 25 days for dry sowing seeds to emerge, and about 10 days for budding seeds. After the seedlings are unearthed, the weeds should be removed in time, and the seedlings should be thinned if the seedlings are too dense, with 10-12 seedlings per 100 square centimeters, and keep one seedling at an interval of 5 centimeters (about 60,000 seedlings per mu), and loosen the soil. Weeding should be carried out at the right time in the later stage. In addition, Platycodon grandiflorum has a long flowering period, which consumes a lot of nutrients and affects root growth. Besides planting, it is necessary to improve root yield and quality by thinning flowers and fruits in time.

Pest control

The pests of Platycodon grandiflorum are mainly underground pests, such as ground tiger, grub, golden needle worm and so on. If the tiger in the area can be controlled by killing 40ml / mu by the enemy, the grub can be removed manually when ploughing, and 2000 times diluted by phoxim in the later stage of emergence. The main disease of Platycodon grandiflorum is rot, that is, rot occurs at the junction of the root and the outside world, and then the whole plant dies. The method of prevention and treatment can be sprayed with Kangkuling and streptomycin. Each Kangkuling to streptomycin, add 20 kg of water, spray 0.5 mu of land.

Harvest

When Platycodon grandiflorum is harvested, the fleshy roots can be dug up after cutting the plants on the ground, remove impurities and sell fresh goods in time.