Diagnosis and Prevention of Common Chicken Diseases

As a basic means of disease diagnosis, pathological autopsy is widely used in production because of its rapid diagnosis and convenient operation. However, due to the wide variety of chicken diseases, similar lesions often occur in different diseases, so whether we can correctly identify them is the basis for us to make a correct clinical diagnosis. The identification of common lesions in production is described below for reference.

The edema was mainly found in the chest, abdomen and the inside of the legs, and the exudate was mainly jelly-like.

The color of the exudate is yellow-green or turquoise, which is Pseudomonas aeruginosa and selenium-vitamin e deficiency.

The color of the exudate was yellow and white as chicken cholera.

The blue-purple color of the exudate is staphylococcosis.

The bleeding is punctate or spotted.

Common diseases include infectious bursal disease, avian cholera and staphylococcosis.

In addition, muscle bleeding can also be seen in vitamin k deficiency, sulfonamides poisoning, aflatoxin poisoning, inclusion body hepatitis and leucocytosis.

Trachea, larynx disease is often mucosal congestion, bleeding, trachea, throat mucus and other exudates. The lesion is mainly seen in respiratory diseases.

Mucosal congestion and tracheal exudate are infectious bronchitis lesions.

Larynx, trachea mucous membrane diffuse bleeding, with blood mucus for infectious laryngotracheitis lesions.

The bleeding point in the mucosa of tracheal annulus is Newcastle disease.

Mycoplasma septicepticum and infectious rhinitis can also be seen with mucous exudates in the respiratory tract.

The diseases that lead to necrotic spots or necrotic foci in the liver are avian cholera, chicken pullorum, typhoid, acute colibacillosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, spirochete disease, quinolinol poisoning, dysentery net poisoning and so on. The diseases that lead to gray nodules in the liver are Marek's disease, avian tuberculosis, chicken pullorum, leukemia, chronic aflatoxin poisoning and leucocytosis.

Intestinal bleeding is a common symptom in the acute stage of many diseases, such as Newcastle disease, infectious bursal disease, avian cholera, staphylococcosis, streptococcosis, necrotizing enteritis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coccidiosis, avian influenza, poisoning and other diseases.

The main cecal lesions were cheese-like blockage in the cecum, which suggested that the diseases included cecal coccidiosis, tissue trichomoniasis, paratyphoid fever and chicken pullorum.

Newcastle disease can be seen mucosal nipple or internipple bleeding, infectious bursal disease, spirochete disease mostly see mucosal bleeding at the junction of myogastric and glandular stomach.

The diseases that lead to glandular gastric mucosal bleeding include quinolinol poisoning, dysentery net poisoning, sulfonamides poisoning, avian influenza, inclusion body hepatitis and so on.

Diseases that cause renal dysfunction can cause ureteral urate deposits, such as gout, infectious bursal disease, vitamin a deficiency, infectious bronchitis, chicken pullorum, spirochetes and long-term drug overuse.

Common diseases include ascites, colibacillosis, aflatoxin poisoning, selenium-vitamin e deficiency, chicken pullorum, paratyphoid fever and yolk peritonitis.

This lesion is mainly seen in Escherichia coli granuloma, Marek's disease, chicken pullorum, typhoid and sulfonamides poisoning.

Mainly seen in chicken colibacillosis, yolk peritonitis, chicken pullorum, typhoid, avian cholera, tissue trichomoniasis, septicemic mycoplasmosis.

The above are just some common clinical lesions. In clinic, due to the influence of the nature of the disease, vaccine or drug use and other conditions, the symptoms of the same disease have changed under different conditions, and some chickens may have complicated or secondary diseases. Therefore, the changes of pathological examination should be analyzed dialectically in clinical diagnosis. The pathological changes of affected chickens do not exist in an arc. It is necessary to grasp the key lesions, comprehensively examine the changes, and combine the feeding and management of chicken flocks, epidemiology and comprehensive analysis of clinical symptoms, so as to make a correct clinical diagnosis and provide a scientific basis for disease control.

Chicken plague

Chicken plague is an acute septic disease caused by virus. It is more than the disease in spring and autumn, with rapid infection and high mortality.

The disease lurks for 3-5 days. It can be divided into three types: the most acute type, the acute type and the chronic type. In general, the initial stage of epidemic is mostly acute.

[main symptoms] elevated body temperature (43-44 °c), eye closure, loose hair, necking, drooping wings, unstable gait or rotation; black and purple crown, drooling mucus, shaking head, hitting, "cluck, cluck" cry, dyspnea, pull green or yellow feces; late leg and wing paralysis, high mortality.

[prevention] the most reliable way is to be vaccinated.

1. Preventive vaccination: 1-2-week-old chicks were diluted 10 times with Newcastle disease Ⅱ vaccine, repeated in about 0 days, medium and big chickens over 2 months old were diluted 1000 times with Ⅰ vaccine, and each chicken could be immunized for one year.

2. Drinking water immunity: the chicken Ⅲ strain (f line) vaccine was diluted into 0.1-0.3% aqueous solution, and the chickens were allowed to eat freely and drink again 10-30 days later, which could be immunized for 7 months.

3. The epidemic area should be strictly sealed off and thoroughly disinfected.

[treatment]

At present, there is no specific drug treatment for this disease, so we can try it out.

1. Garlic 3-5 tablets, smash and mix a small amount of sulfur powder and raw oil, twice a day.

2. Half-grain of Croton (sold in drugstore, toxic, strictly controlled dose) mixed with a small amount of raw oil, twice a day.

3. Diluted 500times with Newcastle disease Ⅰ vaccine, each diseased chicken muscle syringe has a certain curative effect. According to the data: sick chickens with neurological symptoms are generally cured 2-3 days after injection.

The chicken failed.

Chicken failure is a severe infectious disease, generally sporadic endemic, can occur all the year round, sometimes faster than chicken plague, often die suddenly without any symptoms. The disease can simultaneously infect ducks, geese and rabbits.

[prevention] Poultry vaccine is injected regularly every year. Chickens over 2 months old are injected with 2 ml intramuscular (or subcutaneous) vaccination every 4-6 months. 0.01% potassium permanganate (gray manganese oxygen) or 0.2% sulfamethazine sodium aqueous solution can also be added to drinking water, which also has a certain preventive effect.

[treatment]

1. 30-50,000 international units of penicillin for intramuscular injection, 3 times a day.

2. Sulfathiazole sodium or sulfadiazine sodium intramuscular injection, 1 gram per chicken (250 mg per tablet), 2-3 times a day.

The above drugs are effective, but after the chicken turns black and purple, the cure rate is lower.

Chicken pullorum

Chicken pullorum is a kind of bacterial infectious disease, which can occur in both large and small chickens, but it is more common in chicks about half a month old, and the mortality is higher.

The sick chick is mentally depressed, shrinking head, wing drooping, pulling white paste-like thin feces, anus is often stuck by feces, defecation issued a "squeak, squeak" sound. Most of the adult chickens were trapped with bacteria, and anemia and dysentery were found only in severe cases, and the egg production of hens decreased significantly.

[treatment]

1. Add 200-400 mg (2-4 tablets) of dysentery per kilogram of feed and feed the chickens for 7 days, stop for 3 days, and feed for another 7 days.

2. Feed the chicken with 200 mg of oxytetracycline (or chlortetracycline) per kilogram (250 mg per tablet), or 2-3 grams of oxytetracycline (8-12 tablets) per kilogram of beverage and feed the chicken with 3-4 tablets.

3. Each chicken is fed with penicillin 2000 international unit every day for 7 days.

4. 10 grams of sulfadimidine (20 tablets) or 5 grams of sulfadiazine (10 tablets) per kilogram of feed are added to chickens for 5 days; streptomycin or chloramphenicol can also be added to chicken drinking water by 0.1-0.2% for 7 days.

The above drugs had better be used alternately to improve the curative effect.

Chicken mycoplasma disease (chronic respiratory disease)

[symptoms] respiratory rales (more easily heard at night), sneezing with a runny nose and coughing, loss of appetite and weight loss. In the later stage, the face is swollen, the eye is protruding like a tumor, and the eyeball is compressed and atrophied, resulting in blindness, and the course of disease is from one month to several months.

[prevention] regular disinfection, good hygiene of the chicken house, and nasal dripping of 2000 units of streptomycin for each shelled chick.

[treatment]

1. Streptomycin: 90, 000 units for chickens, 100000 units for middle chickens, and 200000 units for big chickens, 3 times a day for 3-5 days.

2. Add 400-800 mg of oxytetracycline or tetracycline per kilogram of drink (250 mg per tablet) and feed it to the chicken.

3. Qin Miaolin has a special effect on mycoplasma disease. Add 1000 ml of water to Qinmiaolin aqueous solution for chicken diet.

Chicken coccidiosis

Chicken coccidiosis is a serious and common disease that harms chickens. 15-25-day-old chickens are the most susceptible to infection, with high morbidity and mortality; the incidence of coccidiosis is the most in mildew and rain season. Adult chickens are infected with coccidiosis with mild symptoms and rarely die.

[symptoms] the sick chicks first appeared general weakness, mental fatigue, like crowded piles, drooping wings, loose hair, eyes closed, easy to sleep; dysentery, reddish brown with blood and dung; pale crown and beard, a lot of water, and then waste food, and finally extremely emaciated.

[prevention]

1. Do a good job in the hygiene, drying and regular disinfection of the chicken house.

2. Isolate the sick chickens in time and carry on the treatment.

3. Add 150-250 mg of dysentery per kilogram of feed (100 mg per tablet), mix well and feed the chickens for 7 days, stop taking drugs for 3 days, and then use drugs for 5-7 days.

[treatment]

1. Each chicken uses 3000-6000 units of penicillin to dissolve penicillin in water, then half of the solution is fed with mixed powder, and the other half is poured into the drinking fountain, but instead of drinking water, the chicken is allowed to eat freely.

2. Each chick is fed with 2-4 mg of oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline (250 mg per tablet) daily for 3 days, or 800 mg of chlortetracycline per kilogram of feed and mix well.

3. Add 250 mg (2.5 tablets) of dysentery to each kilogram of feed, feed, or add the same dose to drinking water for 2-3 days.

Fowl pox

Fowlpox is a highly infectious disease. Diseased chickens grow slowly and even die.

The incubation period of the disease is 4-8 days. There are two types: skin type and diphtheria type.

[prevention]

1. Vaccination is suitable for chickens of all ages over 7 days old. When using, dilute 10-50 times with salt water or cold boiled water, dip the tip of a pen (or large needle) into the vaccine and plant it under the skin where there is no blood vessel on the inside of the chicken wing. About 7 days after inoculation, the puncture site showed redness and swelling, blistering, and then gradually dried and scabbed off, which could be immunized for 5 months.

2. Do a good job in environmental hygiene and eliminate mosquitoes and chicken lice.

3. Timely isolation of diseased chickens, or even elimination, and thorough disinfection of venues and appliances.

[treatment] at present, there is no specific drug treatment, generally using symptomatic therapy.

Ascariasis

Ascariasis is a common parasitic disease in chickens.

[prevention] regular deworming 3-4 times a year.

[treatment]

1. Take Qusanling 0.15-0.25 grams per kilogram of chicken (0.5 grams per tablet), or mix the medicine into the feed and take it once in the evening.

2. according to 20-30 mg per kilogram of chicken (25 mg per tablet), mix in the feed and feed.

3. Inject the crop with 1-2 milliliters of gasoline.