Management techniques of Xinghua Chicken during breeding period

Xinghua chicken has the excellent characteristics of strong disease resistance, wide adaptability, cold and heat resistance, and its feeding conditions are extensive compared with fast big chickens. The structure of the chicken house can be brick house, iron house, asbestos house and asphalt house.

Building and feeding density of breeding henhouse

The main results are as follows: 1. The feeding density is 30 cm × 45 cm for each cage in the open chicken house, and 6 per square meter for the henhouse covered with bedding on the ground.

2. Breeding methods: breeder chickens are generally raised on the ground, raised on the fence and raised in cage. in addition to the several methods already introduced, there is also a thick cushion method for raising chickens, which refers to that in a fixed chicken coop, the bedding is 5-10 cm thick at the beginning, the breeder lives on the bedding, and the feces are also arranged on it, and then often cover the original cushion with fresh padding, and clean up the cushion and feces together for a certain period of time. This method has the advantages of low investment, low labor intensity and reducing the rate of broken eggs, but the moistureproof work must be done when this method is used in rainy areas, so as to avoid damp and dirty bedding and induce the occurrence of coccidiosis and respiratory diseases in chickens.

The main results are as follows: (1) raising on hillside land is also a practical way of flat cultivation. Its advantage is: ① hillside land is everywhere in rural areas, the land price is cheap, do not occupy arable land. The ② area is empty and the air is fresh, which is beneficial to the growth and reproduction of breeder chickens. ③ is highly dry, clean and dry, and is not easy to hide dirt and dirt, which is conducive to epidemic prevention. ④ density is sparse, and allows breeder chickens to ingest a variety of trace components, will not produce pecking habits. ⑤ can be combined with hillside fruit, poultry and fruit double harvest.

(2) the method of caged breeder is also accepted and used by more and more chicken farms, and its advantage is that ① increases the number of chickens per unit area by 50%. ② reduces investment in henhouses by 30 to 50 per cent per chicken. The laying rate of ③ increased by 10%. The utilization rate of ④ cocks increased by 2-3 times, and the ratio of male to female changed from 1:8 to 1:25. ⑤ reduces epidemic disease because of pecking, climbing, and less chance of contagion in captivity. ⑥ is easy to manage and grow evenly. ⑦ cocks and hens can be fed with different nutritious feeds. ⑧ reduces repair fence houses and reduces purse seine. ⑨ is convenient for injection, seed selection and elimination.

Feed nutrition

The feed of breeding hens should contain metabolic energy 2750 kcal / kg, crude protein 15-16%, calcium 2.8%, total phosphorus 0.60%, available phosphorus 0.40%, salt 0.37%. In terms of amino acids, it should contain 0.27% methionine and 0.60% lysine.

Feeding method

Dry powder is better for breeder feed, but granule is not suitable for breeder feed because of its high nutritional density and small size. When feed is rationed every day, breeder chickens will quickly eat up these pellets and have nothing to eat at other times, which can easily lead to feather pecking, anal pecking and egg pecking. If it is not rationed and allowed to eat pellets freely, the feed intake of breeder chickens is too much, resulting in excessive nutrition, resulting in excessive fertilizer.

1. Feeding method: the feed can be fed twice a day, and the amount of feed each time can not exceed 1-3-1 of the feed trough. Let the chicken eat up the added feed thoroughly each time, that is, there can be no leftovers in the trough the next time. Because what is usually left after being picked by chickens is fine powder, which contains relatively more vitamins and amino acids, if there are often endless leftovers of chickens in the trough, it is easy to cause a deficiency of certain nutrients.

The feeding method for ① chickens when they start laying eggs: increase the amount of feed before the egg production is increased. Within 2-3 weeks after the egg production reaches 5%, the feed increases, and the average daily feed consumption of hens is 80-85 grams per hen, and 90 grams per egg can be supplied at the peak of egg production.

After the egg production peak of ② chickens, adjust the feed amount (reduce feed): after the egg production begins to drop by 4-6%, the daily food intake can be reduced by about 200g per 100chickens in 3-4 days. If the laying rate of chickens decreases abnormally, it needs to be changed back to the original feed immediately.

2. Drinking water supply: when chickens do not drink enough water, the feed is indigestible, the blood is thick, and the body temperature rises, which has a very bad effect on chicken health, growth and egg production. After stopping the water supply for 24 hours, the hen's egg production decreased by 20%, and it was not easy to return to normal. Therefore, an adequate supply of drinking water is one of the key measures to ensure the health and high yield of chickens. If a trough-shaped water feeder is used, each chicken should have at least 2.5 centimeters. If a circular water feeder is used, there should be one water feeder for every 60 chickens. In hot weather, such as 32-38 ℃, chickens need to drink about twice as much as 21 ℃. Clean and fresh water should be supplied at all times, and drinking fountains should be cleaned every day.

3. Light intensity: reasonable lighting must reflect the following points.

The total hours of light per day during the breeding period of ① should not be gradually reduced, but should be maintained at a level or gradually increased on the basis of light in the reserve period.

② breeder chicken supplement the light must not flicker and stop. Practice has proved that turning off the lights for one night will reduce the egg production of breeder chickens in the next few days, and it will take 7-10 days to return to normal. Therefore, if the power supply is not guaranteed and the lights are turned on and off every day, it is better not to supplement artificial lighting.

③ supplementary lighting should be regular and accurate. It is more appropriate for yellow-feathered breeder chickens to keep 16 hours of light every day, which is generally not too long or too short.

The light intensity supplemented by ④ should be moderate. Breeder chickens to supplement the light, generally can use ordinary light bulbs, every 3 meters apart to install an incandescent lamp, 2 meters from the ground, plus cover, each bulb 60 or 40 watts. In addition to artificial light, the intensity of natural light during the day should be sufficient, generally speaking, it is not recommended to use black cloth to shade the chicken coop; when it is cloudy and rainy, it is also necessary to increase the light during the day.

⑤ adds artificial light every day, usually turning on the light at the beginning of dark until the total number of hours required. If the total light per day is required to be 16 hours, in which breeder chickens receive natural light for 12 hours from dawn to dark, the lights should be turned on for 4 hours in the evening for a total of 16 hours.

Egg collection

To raise breeder chickens, eggs must be collected five times a day, the first time after going to work in the morning, when there are not many eggs, but some are already laid by individual hens after work yesterday; the second time is carried out at 10:00 in the morning; in addition, another collection is made before going to work in the morning, after going to work in the afternoon, and in the afternoon before getting off work in the afternoon, for a total of five times; it is better to collect once at 13:00, when there are more eggs, and it is easy to lead to egg pecking if you don't pick them up in time.

Every time you pick up the eggs, pick up the clean ones, then pick up the dirty and broken ones, and put them separately. Eggs laid on the playground or on the ground should be discarded if they are too dirty and should not be used as eggs.

The eggs collected are handed in once a day, before getting off work in the afternoon. When it is hot, it is best to hand them in once in the morning and once in the afternoon.

Abnormal egg control

Abnormal eggs include abnormal eggs, soft shell eggs, broken shell eggs and so on. The size of eggs is mainly determined by the genotype and the laying age of breeder chickens, but small eggs can also be produced in the absence of methionine and essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid. When chickens are overstimulated or stressed by light, the eggs stay in the womb for too short time and become shellless eggs; nutritional imbalances sometimes produce shellless eggs, and after laying such nutritionally deficient shellless eggs, breeder chickens often follow weak legs. Incomplete or deformed eggshell is caused by abnormal peristalsis of fallopian tube caused by bad stimulation, or caused by some diseases, such as white dysentery, Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis.

The high rate of egg breaking is due to lack of calcium or vitamin An and D, as well as related nutritional imbalances; it is also related to poor management, such as insufficient egg-laying boxes, strong bottom boards or excessive slopes of egg-laying boxes, and less egg collection; in addition, eggs are broken more when hens have egg-pecking habits.