Breeding techniques of broilers

The feed conversion rate of broilers is the highest in the breeding industry, and the general feed-to-weight ratio is about 2:1. According to the law of feed conversion, and at the same time comprehensively considering the market situation and feed prices at that time, we should reasonably arrange the production and column of broilers. To maximize economic benefits, let's take a look at broiler breeding techniques.

Site selection

1. Choose high and dry terrain, leeward and sunny.

2. The site should have a certain slope and can be drained.

3. It is necessary to stay away from villages and towns and be more than 1000 meters away from other farms to facilitate epidemic prevention.

4. The transportation is convenient.

5. The quantity of water is sufficient, the water quality is good, and meets the standard of drinking water.

6. the power supply is stable and reliable, and it is best to equip yourself with power generation equipment.

7. in accordance with the provisions of national laws, it is forbidden to build fields in water source protected areas, tourist areas, nature reserves and other areas prescribed by national and local laws.

Chicken house construction

1. Broiler breeding requires all in and out of each batch, so it is only necessary to build a chicken coop.

2. The "double slope" method is used to build the chicken coop, which is about 3 meters high, with a thermal insulation layer at the top and a ventilated skylight on the roof ridge, one every 6 meters, with a rain cap on the skylight.

3. There are fixed walls on both sides of the chicken house and windows (about 1.35 meters high and an area of 0.9 × 0.8 meters), with a window every 3 meters.

4. in order to keep ventilation and dryness, wing windows should be set up, which is 0.40 × 0.4 meters between the net bed and the ground, and the windowsill is 5 centimeters away from the ground, one every 3 meters, and underground ventilation ducts can be set up to assist ventilation.

5. The floor of the chicken house must be cement floor, and a pedal disinfection pool as wide as the door shall be arranged at the entrance of the chicken house.

6. The inside of the top should be covered with a layer of plastic sheet to facilitate heat preservation, washing and disinfection.

7. Fans are installed at both ends of the chicken coop to assist ventilation.

Breeding facilities

1. The net frame should be strong and durable, the web page should be smooth and smooth, the meat bed is 0.9 meters high and 3.5 meters wide, the length depends on the length of the chicken house, and the net bed has a fence 0.4 meters high.

2. In the chicken stage, the whole net bed does not need to be used, the whole net bed can be separated into several separate coops with plastic sheeting, and only part of the net bed is used. later, with the growth of chickens, the use area is gradually expanded to meet the density requirements.

3. The heating equipment in the chicken house is generally heated by a furnace, but a chimney must be installed to prevent gas poisoning, and the chimney can be extended appropriately according to the situation, so as to fully dissipate heat and save energy.

4. The light time has a great influence on the growth rate of chickens, in addition to the natural light every day, but also equipped with artificial light equipment. Therefore, two lighting lines should be installed in the chicken house, and a lamp holder should be installed every 3 meters to illuminate a light bulb every 20 square meters, with a height of 2 meters from the ground, usually illuminated by incandescent lamps.

5. Adequate drinking water and feeding equipment should be provided to ensure the drinking and feeding of chickens. The general brooding stage requires one water fountain and feeder for every 50 chicks and one for every 30 chicks after 20 days of age.

6. Equipped with necessary cleaning and disinfection equipment, such as high-pressure cleaning machine and disinfection sprayer, etc.

Preparation for brooding

1. Clean the chicken house faeces 15-12 days before brooding, clean the drinking fountain and feeder, wash the chicken house wall, roof, net bed and floor with a high-pressure water gun, and check and maintain the chicken house equipment.

2. The chicken house should be disinfected for the first time 11-9 days before brooding (including net bed, floor, water fountain, feeder, etc.). Doors, windows and vents should be closed during disinfection, windows and windows should be opened for ventilation 10 hours later, and doors and windows should be closed after 3-4 hours ventilation. Water dispensers and feeders are soaked and disinfected with disinfectant.

3. The second disinfection is carried out 6-4 days before entering the brood, and the spray disinfection can be carried out with 40% formaldehyde solution 300x liquid. Check the temperature before disinfection, so that the temperature of the chicken house is more than 26 ℃, the humidity is more than 80%, the disinfection should be thorough, no dead corners are left, the doors and windows are closed for more than 36 hours after disinfection, and then the ventilation is opened for not less than 24 hours.

4. Prepare the feed 3 or 1 days before brooding, separate the net bed with plastic sheeting and separate it according to the feeding density of 30 birds per square meter in the first week of the brood period. Pre-heating (preheating the wall and ground) and pre-wetting should be carried out 3 days before brooding in winter, and the preheating temperature should be above 35 ℃. In summer, the temperature was preheated to 34 ℃ one day earlier, and the nursery was humidified continuously to ensure the humidity of the nursery. Put a layer of cardboard on the net bed to prevent the chicks from catching cold. After pre-warming and pre-wetting, you can enter the chick.

Brooding management

1. 1-2-day-old chicks: the chicks should be sent into the henhouse as soon as possible after they are transported. Do not immediately put the chicks on the net bed after they are sent into the henhouse. The chicks should be immunized first and use 1 drop of Newcastle disease bronchitis vaccine on the right eye of each chick. After immunization, the chicks can be put on the net bed. After the immunization is complete, you can start to give the chicks water for the first time. In the first week, the chicks are required to use about 20 ℃ of warm water, and add a variety of vitamins to the water. Keep enough water to make sure that every chick can drink water. After 3 hours of drinking water for the first time, the feed can be fed with special materials for chicks. Within 1-7 days of brooding, chicks are allowed to eat freely, and the chicks are required to feed every 2 hours on the first day (pay attention to feeding less and adding frequently). Always pay attention to observe the change of temperature in the house and the activity of chicks (such as uniform distribution and free movement, indicating that the temperature is suitable, if gathering together means that the temperature is too low), in order to keep warm The ventilation rate during the period of rearing should not be too large. However, when the gas and disinfection are too thick, ventilation should be strengthened, and ventilation can be carried out when the temperature outside the house is high at noon every day. In the first two days of brooding, the temperature should be kept above 33 ℃ and the relative humidity should be 70%. 24-hour light should be used in the first 2 days, and 40W incandescent bulbs should be used for lighting.

2. Chicks aged 3-4 days: the temperature in the house was reduced to 32 ℃ from the 3rd day, and the relative humidity was kept between 65-70%. During this period, pay attention to observe the chicken feces, clean up the accumulated feces, replace the cushion paper, pay attention to the coal stove, chimney and ventilation, prevent gas poisoning, feed once every 3 hours, and reduce the light for 1 hour on the third day, keeping it at 23 hours.

3. Chicks aged 5-7 days: on the 5th day, the temperature in the house was set to 32-30 ℃, and the relative humidity was maintained at 65%. The chickens were immunized at 5 days old and injected subcutaneously with Newcastle disease oil vaccine. At the beginning of feeding on the 6th day, it began to be changed into a chicken plate, which was replaced by replacing 1x3 food plate every day. Feed 6 times a day, turn off the lights for 2 hours at night and keep 22 hours of light. From the seventh day, the area of the net bed was expanded to keep the chicks at 35 per square meter.

4. Chicks aged 8-14 days: the temperature of the chicken house was reduced to 29 ℃ on the 8th day. On the 9th day, multivitamins were added to the drinking water of the chicks to immunize the chickens. Newcastle disease TV vaccine was used for eye or nose drops, 1 drop per chicken. At the same time, replace the drinking fountain on the 9th day, remove the chicken drinking fountain and replace it with the adult chicken drinking fountain, and adjust the drinking fountain to the appropriate height. During this period, we should pay attention to observe the temperature, humidity, and appropriate ventilation, especially at night should pay attention to abnormal breathing sounds. From the 8th day, the feed should be fed regularly and quantitatively, and the amount of feed should be flexibly controlled according to the weight of the chicken. Generally, there should be no material restriction, and it should be fed 4 times a day and 6 times a day. On the 13th and 14th day, a variety of vitamins were added to the drinking water. On the 14th day, the chickens were immunized, and Faxinling was used for drip immunity. After immunization, you should clean the drinking fountain and add a variety of vitamins to the drinking water. At this time, the area of the net bed should be gradually expanded with the growth of the chicken, during which the temperature of the chicken house was maintained at 28 ℃ and the humidity was 55%.

5, 15-22 days old: continue to drink vitamin water for one day on the 15th day, and strengthen ventilation in the house. 0.2% liquid of peracetic acid was used to disinfect chickens on the 17th and 18th days, and it was replaced by adult chicken feed on the 19th day. (do not replace all at once, but should be replaced in 4 days, that is, replace the chicken feed with 1 beat 4 adult feed every day, and mix it together until the 4th day). During this period, the temperature of the chicken house should gradually drop from 28 ℃ on the 15th day to 26 ℃ on the 22nd day, 1 ℃ in two days, and the humidity should be controlled at 50-55%. At the same time, with the growth of chickens, the area of the net bed was expanded to keep the breeding density at 10 per square meter. Adjust the height of the drinking fountain to meet the needs of chickens. Newcastle disease strain 4 was used to immunize the chickens at the age of 22 days. The light time was kept at 22 hours. After 15 days of age, the lighting was changed from 40W to 15W.

6. 23-26 days old: attention should be paid to the control of temperature and humidity after immunization. Chickens were disinfected once at 25-day-old, super multi-dimensional was added to drinking water, and the temperature in the house was reduced to 25 ℃ at 26-day-old, and the humidity was controlled at 45-50%.

7, 27-34 days old: strengthen daily management, strengthen ventilation, if the temperature in the chicken house is too high, use cooling water curtain and exhaust fan to cool down. During this period, the room temperature should be reduced from 25 ℃ to 23 ℃ and the humidity should be kept at 40% 45%.

8. 35 days old ~ out of the column: it is forbidden to use any drugs when chickens grow to 35 days old. To strengthen the ventilation in the house, the temperature of the chicken house should be reduced to 22 ℃ from the age of 36 days. From 35 days old to leaving the column, 24 hours of light should be maintained every day, in order to increase the feed intake of chickens, especially in the summer high temperature season, the temperature in the daytime is high, the appetite of chickens is poor, the food intake is small, and the night is cool, chickens should be allowed to eat fully, in order to improve the weight gain speed of chickens and get out of the column early. The chickens were sterilized once at the age of 37 days, and the temperature of the henhouse was lowered to 21 ℃ at the age of 40 eyes and kept until they were out of the pen. At the age of 43 days, the chickens were disinfected for the last time. The chickens were generally disinfected at the age of 45-52 days, and the body weight was about 2.5 kilograms.

Feeding and management

1. Feeding standard: from 1-day-old to 52-day-old, each animal is about 248g per day, an increase of about 460g per day, feed on time every day, and determine the number of chickens every day according to the growth rate of chickens, properly ventilated and ventilated, can discharge the polluted air from the house and get in the fresh air. Pay attention to adjust the temperature and humidity. The accumulated dung in the house should be cleaned on time, usually every 2 days.

2. The principle of ventilation: 1 at the age of 25 days, heat preservation is the main method, and with the increase of age, the ventilation rate should be increased appropriately. The amount of ventilation should be increased after 25 days of age, and 24-hour ventilation is also required in winter, but should be appropriately reduced at night.

3. Health and epidemic prevention: to do a good job in every stage of immunization, the staff should change their special clothes when they enter the chicken coop, and the disinfectant in the disinfection pool should be changed frequently, generally every 4-5 days. Outsiders are prohibited from entering or leaving the henhouse and use drugs and pharmaceutical additives in accordance with national laws.