Breeding Technology of Meat Duck in greenhouse

In the process of meat duck breeding, in order to make meat ducks eat less feed and grow more meat, it is necessary to let meat ducks grow in a suitable temperature range. Because the suitable growth temperature of meat ducks is generally between 12 ℃ and 24 ℃, feed can be used effectively in this temperature range, but in winter, especially in the northern region, it is difficult to reach the growth temperature of meat ducks. In fact, it is not difficult to use the mode of greenhouse to raise meat ducks. let's take a look at the technology of raising meat ducks in greenhouse.

Greenhouse construction

1. Site selection and construction: the greenhouse for large-scale duck farming should be built in a place with leeward to the sun, good drainage, convenient transportation, close to water sources, high terrain and dryness. In order to make full use of solar energy, it is best along the east-west direction. The shed is arched and the height should be more than 2 meters, depending on the scale of breeding. Selected diameter 25 mm, wall thickness 1.35 mm welded pipe, bent into a semicircle as a support, each two as a group, using a diameter of 30 mm, wall thickness 1.5 mm casing secure. After installing the bracket according to the specifications during the construction of the shed, fix the bracket on each bracket with a stick or steel pipe, and then fasten the bracket for 3 to 5 rows with bamboo pole and steel wire, and set up one column every 2 to 4 meters. After the scaffolding is completed, grass curtains are laid on it, and then covered with plastic film, and then covered with 70% / 80% sunscreen. It is best to use a cable to seal the shed so that it can be rolled up, exposed to sunlight and ventilated. It should be noted that movable doors should be set up at both ends of the greenhouse.

2. Scaffolding production and installation: the scaffolding used for raising meat ducks is made of bamboo or bamboo slices, each 2 meters long and 0.5 meters wide. The bamboo slices are divided into two types: flat and flat, which can be worn firmly with small round steel bars. When making, the edges and corners should be cut off and the forks should be trimmed to prevent ducks from being hurt. If the plastic cushion net can be laid on the scaffolding to increase elasticity, the effect will be better. The scaffolding is 30 to 40 centimeters above the ground and is required to be laid smoothly and firmly during installation.

3. Operation methods and matters needing attention: meat ducks are raised in the scaffolding. From 9: 00 a.m. to 4: 00 p.m., the grass curtains can be rolled up and exposed to sunlight from 9: 00 a.m. to 4: 00 p.m., so that the temperature in the shed can be kept in the suitable range of 18 ℃ ~ 20 ℃. Sooner or later, the grass curtain will be covered to achieve the purpose of raising the temperature, saving fuel and saving feed. On cloudy and snowy days, the greenhouse is covered strictly with grass curtains, and the roof is ventilated irregularly according to the temperature, humidity and air pollution in the shed. Due to the laying of scaffolding in the shed, not only the suitable growth temperature is maintained, but also off-ground feeding is realized, and the incidence of ducks is significantly reduced. However, it should be noted that the construction of the greenhouse must be firm and durable, the temperature and air turbidity should be closely observed in breeding, and it should be adjusted by opening the roof at any time, so as not to suffocate the meat duck by sealing for a long time.

Management technology

1. Feeding preparation: according to the feeding plan, prepare the rearing room, raising shed (you can also change the playground of the broiler shed into a meat duck shed), equipment and tools, etc. The nursery (including walls, floors, tools, etc.) should be strictly and thoroughly disinfected. The duck house space should be added to 15 grams of potassium permanganate with 30 milliliters of formalin per cubic meter, then fumigate for 24 hours and then open the doors and windows to discharge gas. Check the heating, heat preservation, ventilation and ventilation equipment to ensure normal operation. The day before brooding, the nursery should be heated and checked to see if the temperature required for brooding can be met.

2. Brooding conditions: the brooding temperature on the first day was 30 ℃ ~ 32 ℃, then decreased by 1 ℃ every three days, and gradually de-heated, so that the ducklings were evenly distributed and the temperature and humidity remained stable. Duckling house heating, can use underground flue, wood-burning stove, coal stove, infrared lights and other methods, but should pay attention to good ventilation, prevent carbon monoxide poisoning and fire and so on. Day and night light can be used at the age of 1 to 3 days, and the lights are only needed to be turned on in the morning and evening after 4 days of age. If there are playgrounds and pools, ducklings should also be trained and trained.

3. Drinking and eating: ducklings should master the principle of "drinking early, eating early, drinking first and eating later". Ducklings drink 0.02% potassium permanganate water or 5% glucose water within 24 hours. About 1 hour after drinking water can be fed, the first feeding can generally use chopped corn, chopped black beans, chopped brown rice, etc., boil the above feed into half-cooked, soak it in clean water and then pick it up. The feed for the first time is not raw, not hard, not hot, not rotten, not sticky. Sprinkle on tarpaulins or plastic sheeting, sprinkle evenly, shout while sprinkling, and train food intake. The second time, ducklings can be fed with full-price pellet feed.

4. Scientific feeding: feeding should be carried out after drinking, put the feed on the feed plate or linen when eating, and eat freely. The bedding material is dry and pollution-free straw, husk or linen. Bedding materials should be changed frequently to reduce harmful gases or dirt.

① feed selection: full-price pellet feed or concentrated feed (premix) can be mixed with corn, bean cake, wheat bran and so on according to the prescribed proportion. The imbalance of protein and energy should be prevented. Self-made full-price materials should reasonably and appropriately add multivitamins and trace elements, and pay attention to the appropriate ratio of calcium and phosphorus (2 ∶ 1), so as to prevent the unreasonable ingredients from leading to nutritional and metabolic diseases such as hair, unstable walking, diarrhea, feather pecking and so on. Caged meat ducks can not get exercise, the sun can not get, but also need to supplement vitamin AD, sodium selenite-vitamin E, cod liver oil and so on. In addition, the ratio and type of feed should be changed step by step.

② feeding method: in order to improve the feed reward, it is generally fed 6 times a day and night within a week, and there should be no leftover material on the plate each time, so as to feed fresh materials each time. After 2 weeks of age, feed 5 times day and night, with no material left in the plate 1 hour before each feeding, in order to reduce feed waste as much as possible.

③ feeding principle: if the feed has been fed for only 2 to 3 hours, the feed dosage should be increased appropriately. Otherwise, the amount of feed should be reduced appropriately. Always maintain an appropriate feeding time to ensure the feeding peak of ducklings and promote the growth of ducklings.

5. Daily management: the activities of ducks should be regularly observed, temperature, humidity, ventilation and light should be adjusted in time to ensure adequate and clean drinking water, and high-quality feed should be fed as required to keep the duck house and environment clean and sanitary. At the same time, the bedding is soft, non-wet, the feed is not caked, and the epidemic prevention work is in place. It is necessary to carry out harmless treatment such as deep burial of sick and dead ducks to strictly prevent the spread of epidemic disease.

Disease prevention and treatment

First of all, we should start with improving the disease resistance of ducklings and take comprehensive protective measures to prevent pathogens from infecting ducklings. The staff must have a high sense of responsibility and a strong sense of epidemic prevention, and strictly control the entry of people outside the duck farm, especially among duck farmers. Carry out single-variety production to ensure full import and export. To do a good job of immunization, the most serious diseases endangering duck farming include highly pathogenic avian influenza, duckling viral hepatitis, duck plague and serositis. The first three are viral diseases and must be controlled by vaccination.

1. Reference procedure for immunization of duckling blight

① 1 days old, duck plague vaccine was injected subcutaneously in neck.

② 5 days old, duck infectious serositis and Escherichia coli vaccine were injected intramuscularly.

③④ 8 days old, duck viral hepatitis freeze-dried seedlings were injected subcutaneously.

The immunization time of ④ duck bird flu vaccine should be carried out in accordance with the instructions for the use of the vaccine to strictly prevent the occurrence of bird flu.

⑤ duck plague, duck infectious serositis, Escherichia coli and duck viral hepatitis should be carefully read before immunization and be prevented strictly according to the instructions for the use of the vaccine.

2. Drug prevention

The morbidity and death of ① meat ducks mainly occurred within 2 weeks of age, and poultry multivitamin could be intermittently added to drinking water within one week to enhance the resistance of ducklings.

At the same time, ② drank water with 0.02% potassium permanganate solution at the age of 1 to 5 days.

③ from 6 to 8 days old drank water with floxacin drugs.

④ was replaced by potassium permanganate at the age of 9-13 days.

⑤ was treated with Dianjing at the age of 14-16 days.

In this way, the cross-use of drugs is effective and the drug price is low. In the future, if the ducks have abnormal feces, antibiotics or quinolones should be added to the drinking water to ensure the healthy and rapid growth of meat ducks, reduce the mortality and improve the efficiency of raising ducks.

3. Regular disinfection

In addition to doing a good job in the prevention and treatment of common duck diseases, it is also necessary to often disinfect duck houses, sports grounds and pools, once every three days in summer, once a week in winter, once a half month, frequently change out cushions and feces, wash and disinfect sinks and troughs frequently, and disinfect every day if there is an epidemic.

4. come out of the column at the right time

Meat ducks should be sold in time when they grow to about 45 days old and when their body weight reaches 2.5 to 3 kilograms, so as to improve the economic benefit of raising ducks.