Technology of raising ducks in greenhouse

At present, many ducks are raised in plastic sheds with low input and high output, and good economic benefits have been obtained. However, due to the lack of environmental characteristics and requirements of plastic greenhouses, there are some problems, such as "fog" in hot weather and condensed water in cold weather, which seriously hinder the application of this technology and the normal growth of meat ducks. Therefore, the technology of raising meat ducks in greenhouses is introduced as follows.

Environmental Characteristics of Plastic Shed

The main source of temperature of duck house in winter is heat emitted from duck body. Low outside temperature, poor heat preservation performance of duck house, duck body heat emission more, this will not only increase duck feed intake, serious will cause duck death. In addition, the investment in ordinary duck houses is relatively large, which increases the feeding cost and risks. Plastic shed duck breeding can well retain the biological heat emitted by ducks, but also can use the sun to convert light into heat energy to raise the room temperature, in winter use has certain advantages, at the same time its investment province, but also can use the ultraviolet rays in the incoming sunlight sterilization, can enhance duck immunity and disease resistance, promote duck bone development, stimulate appetite, promote digestion, but also promote the development of ducklings 'temperature regulation function, its breeding superiority is self-evident. However, due to the poor permeability of plastic shed, the temperature and harmful gas content in the shed are often too high, so when using plastic shed, it must be reasonably designed, considering the necessary ventilation and auxiliary adjustment facilities, in order to maintain the environment in the shed at the best microclimate for duck growth.

Design and technical requirements of plastic shed

Plastic greenhouses should be built in high dry, sunny places, should avoid tall buildings and trees as much as possible, there should be tap water or clean water sources nearby, and there must be power lines, and traffic must be convenient without interference, leeward sun and no wind, scaffolding is best for east-west direction. The structural requirements of plastic greenhouses are as follows.

Slope of greenhouse roof

When the angle between sunlight and plastic film is 90°, the transmittance is the highest. According to the incident angle of sunlight at noon in winter solstice in China is 21°33′-26 ° 33', the angle between plastic film and ground should be 63°27′-68 ° 27'. Such slope, the roof is covered with plastic film, duck shed is completely achievable.

height of shed

The height of the plastic greenhouse in the design should generally reach about 2.5m, which is conducive to the operation of the breeding personnel and to the ventilation of the house.

orientation of shed

In the design of the greenhouse, the general axis is the east-west axis, sitting north to south, which is conducive to the direct sunlight to the house, which is conducive to making full use of solar energy.

plastic film material

PVC film is suitable for duck plastic shed, and the thickness of plastic film should be 0.08-0.12mm.

Setting of ventilation opening

The exhaust port of the greenhouse should be located on the leeward side of the greenhouse, and it is required to set a windproof cap at the exhaust port 50cm higher than the top of the room. This can prevent cold air irrigation, but also conducive to smooth ventilation. The air intake of the shed should be located at the gable on both sides. The size of the exhaust port should be determined according to the number of ducks raised, such as the use of flat ground breeding meat duck greenhouse (such as 20m long, 5m wide, breeding meat duck 1000 greenhouse), can set an area of 25cm×25cm leeward exhaust port and roof exhaust port each 5.

Technical performance and environmental regulation of plastic greenhouse

Plastic shed is a special environment close to closed, and every factor of its environmental conditions has its own special variation law. The success of raising meat ducks in shed depends on the influence degree of various factors in shed environment on meat ducks on the one hand, and on the adaptability of meat ducks and the ability of adjusting shed environment artificially on the other hand. Understanding the requirements and adaptability of meat ducks to the environmental conditions in plastic shed, knowing and mastering the general variation law and artificial regulation methods of environmental factors before and after raising meat ducks in plastic shed are the basis for raising ducks in plastic shed.

Heat preservation and temperature regulation of greenhouse

The heat of plastic shed comes from solar radiation on the one hand, and biological heat emitted by duck body on the other hand. According to actual production measurement, the temperature inside plastic shed is 5-13℃ higher than that outside plastic shed, but if plastic shed does not take heat preservation measures, the temperature difference between day and night is 10-15℃, which is harmful to meat duck breeding. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably set up insulation devices to increase indoor temperature and reduce the temperature difference between day and night. In a sense, the quality of temperature management will directly affect the success or failure of meat duck breeding, so the correct selection of reasonable plastic greenhouse structure at the same time, to take certain insulation measures, through the adjustment of the size of the vent and cover, roll insulation curtain to adjust the room temperature, to the greenhouse equipped with "quilt" and straw curtain. At night, the paper "quilt" should be covered on the surface of the plastic film; when the outdoor temperature is very low, the paper "quilt" should be covered with straw curtains, and the back ventilation window can be closed if necessary. When the outdoor temperature rises in the daytime, the straw curtain washi need to be rolled up and fixed at the top of the greenhouse. From 12:00 to 14:00 in the afternoon, the ventilation window can be opened for ventilation and cooling.

Humidity Characteristics and Moisture Removal of Plastic Shed

High air humidity is the main characteristic of duck breeding in plastic shed. Greenhouse space is small, poor air permeability, in the absence of attention to ventilation, airflow will be relatively stable. When the temperature is higher during the day, the evaporation is larger, the greenhouse environment is relatively closed, and it is not easy to communicate with the outside air, so the phenomenon of excessive indoor humidity often occurs. At night, on cloudy days, especially when the temperature is low, the relative humidity of the air is even saturated, and this high humidity condition is harmful to the breeding of meat ducks. The humidity in the shed mainly comes from the evaporation of water vapor such as feces and respiration discharged by meat ducks, especially during the day when feeding and exercise, its metabolic rate is high, the respiratory frequency is fast, and the feces are concentrated in the day, so the humidity in the duck shed will be higher in the day than at night. To reduce the humidity in the shed, in addition to paying attention to the terrain when selecting the shed site, pay attention to timely ventilation. Ventilation is best selected in the daytime, because the indoor duck metabolism rate is high during the day, the feces are more and humid, and the daytime temperature is higher and the duck heat dissipation is larger. At this time, ventilation does not cause the shed temperature to drop suddenly. In addition, feeding should also be timely removal of duck feces, the use of straw feeding greenhouse, should be timely replacement of straw. As long as it is properly adjusted, humidity can be controlled.

Air condition and elimination of harmful gases in plastic shed

Plastic greenhouses are often closed, if ventilation is not strengthened, the concentration of H2S, NH3, CO2 and other gases in the shed will be much greater than the content in the air, which will affect the normal growth of meat ducks. Effective control of ventilation time and frequency is an important task in duck management in plastic shed. Under the premise of not affecting indoor insulation, the design should be designed according to the maximum ventilation. Reasonable ventilation can be selected according to the needs, the size of the ventilation is mainly determined by the adaptability of meat ducks, during the day can be appropriate more, adult ducks more than ducklings.

Light transmittance and illumination management of plastic greenhouse

The superiority of raising meat ducks in plastic greenhouses is especially obvious when the weather is good in winter and the sun shines, but at this time, the intensity is too large due to the direct irradiation of sunlight into the shed, especially at noon on a sunny day, which greatly increases the irradiation intensity. Although this is conducive to raising the room temperature, it will also cause duck pecking due to excessive illumination. Therefore, the duck greenhouse illumination high for shade treatment. When using shading measures, in order to make sunlight penetrate indoors in winter to improve the room temperature, a grass curtain can be set up in the shed dozens of centimeters away from the plastic film to shade the light; in winter, it is not allowed to shade outdoors, so as not to affect the temperature in the shed, but in summer, when raising ducks in greenhouses, in order to prevent the temperature in the shed from being too high, it must be shaded outdoors. At the same time, due to the short sunshine time in winter, especially cloudy days, the only natural light can not meet the feeding time and night heating needs of meat ducks, and even is not convenient for breeding personnel to observe, so it is necessary to supplement the illumination time in the greenhouse.