Selection method of laying duck breed

At present, there are many egg duck breeds in our country. When choosing egg duck breeds, we must be careful not to follow the advertisements of enterprises. On the one hand, we should listen to the introduction of experts, on the other hand, we can seek advice from people who have raised improved varieties and have practical experience, so as to avoid detours and reduce economic losses.

Introduction of excellent egg duck breeds

In comparison, Shaoxing duck, Jinding duck and Khaji Campbell duck have better production performance among the egg duck breeds raised in China.

1. Shaoxing duck

Shaoxing duck is one of the best high-yield egg duck breeds in China, the full name of Shaoxing duck, also known as mountain duck, Zhejiang duck, originated in Shaoxing, Xiaoshan, Zhuji and other cities and counties. This variety has the advantages of more eggs, early maturity, small body size and low feed consumption. It is one of the high-yield varieties of egg-type ducks in China, and it is more suitable to be used as a female parent for cross. This variety can not only be kept in captivity, but also suitable for grazing in densely planted rice fields. It is now distributed in the whole province of Zhejiang, the counties on the outskirts of Shanghai and the Taihu Lake area of Jiangsu Province.

Appearance features: the body is long and narrow, the beak is long and neck is thin, the buttocks are plump, the abdomen is slightly drooping, the forebody is raised high when standing or walking, and the torso is at an angle of 45 °with the ground. It has the standard somatotype of egg breeds. It is a small sesame duck. The whole body feathers are based on brown sparrow feathers, but due to different types, there are some differences in neck feathers, wing feathers and ventral feathers, which can be divided into two types: hoop white wingtip and red feather green wingtip, while the feathers of the same type of male duck and female duck are also different, which are introduced as follows.

① with looped white wingtip. The most obvious feature is a white feather ring with a width of 2cm to 4cm in the middle of the neck, white feathers on the main wing and white feathers on the middle and lower abdomen. Rainbow (color produced by diffraction on the surface of duck feathers) grayish blue, beak orange, beak bean white, shin, webbed orange red, claws white, skin yellowish. In addition to the above common characteristics, male and female ducks have dark brown feathers, dark green on the head and upper neck, and glossy after sexual maturity. Male ducks have 2 or 4 upward curls in the middle of their tail feathers, which are called male feathers, also known as curly feathers. Female duck feathers are based on light brown sparrow feathers, and the whole body cloth has black spots of different sizes.

② red hair and green wingtip. This type is characterized by no white feather collar in the neck, iridescent brown, beak grayish yellow, beak bean black, shin and web yellowish brown, claws black, skin yellowish. Male duck feathers are dark brown, dark green on the head and upper neck, glossy after sexual maturity; female ducks take dark brown sparrow feathers as the basic color, belly brown, no white feathers, wing feathers dark green, shining, called mirror feathers.

2. Jinding Duck

Jinding duck is a green shell egg breed, with a green shell rate of 100% and larger eggs (Shaoxing duck and Kaji Campbell are both white shell egg breeds). Jinding duck is larger than Shaoxing duck, slightly smaller than Kaji Campbell, and consumes more feed than Shaoxing duck. The origin of Jinding duck is in the Hu Mao Delta where the Jiulong River enters the sea in Fujian Province. it has been grazing on the soft and flat beach for a long time and has good adaptability to the coastal environment and strong foraging ability. it is very suitable for raising in coastal areas and places with better grazing conditions.

Appearance features: it is a small egg breed with a long and narrow body and a high forebody. Male duck ∶ head and neck feathers dark green, glossy; back feathers gray-brown, chest reddish brown, abdomen gray-white; main tail feathers dark brown, sexual feathers black and slightly warped; beak yellowish green, iridescent brown, shins, webbed orange, claws black. The female duck ∶ is covered with reddish-brown sparrow feathers with black spots of different sizes, the back feathers gradually deepen from front to back, the belly feathers are lighter, the neck feathers are brown without black spots, the wing feathers are dark brown, and the beak is bluish black, iridescent brown, shins, webbed orange and claws black.

3. Khaji Campbell duck

Kagi Campbell duck (yellowish brown Campbell duck) is an exotic breed, including black, white and yellowish brown. China is a yellowish brown Campbell duck introduced from the Netherlands. It is different from the above two varieties in that it is larger in size, similar to dual-use varieties, delicious duck meat, stable egg laying performance, gentle temperament, not easy to be affected by external environment and stress, suitable for captive breeding, and has been popularized all over the country.

Appearance features: the body is slightly larger than the domestic egg duck breeds, the body is wide and deep, the back is wide and straight, the neck is slightly thick, the eyes are small, and the chest and abdomen are well developed. the somatotype is obviously different from the egg breeds in China, similar to the dual-purpose species. The ducklings have dark brown down, black beak and shins, and become lighter when they grow up. The basic color of adult male duck ∶ feathers is dark brown. Its head, neck, wings, shoulders and tail are all bronze with black luster. Its beak is green-blue, and its shins and webbed orange-red. Adult female duck ∶ has brown feathers, no obvious black spots, dark feathers on the head and neck, brown main wing feathers, grayish black or yellowish brown beak, and gray black or yellowish brown shins and webbing.

4. Jiangnan No. 2

The matching line of high-yield egg duck has excellent production performance. at the age of 500 days, it can lay more than 320 eggs and the total egg production is more than 21 kilograms, but it is produced according to a certain matching procedure through strict selection and breeding. At present, no one has strictly produced seeds according to this procedure. Some enterprises claim to be able to provide Jiangnan No. 2, which is a boast, readers must not be fooled. Or really choose one from Shaoxing duck, Jinding duck or khaji Campbell duck.

Regional selection of Egg Duck

The above breeds, except Khaji Campbell duck, Shaoxing duck and Jinding duck are all originated in the south. Can they be raised in the north?.

The main results are as follows: 1. The main differences in the natural environment between the south and the north are different climatic conditions: high average temperature in the south, hot summer, low average temperature in the north and cold winter; rainy and humid in the south, less rain and dry in the north; the main cultivated crops in the rural areas of the south are rice, and most of the grazing sites are rivers, lakes and paddy fields. The dry land crops such as wheat, corn and soybean are mainly cultivated in the rural areas of the north, and the grazing environment is quite different from that of the south.

2. To analyze the adaptability of the laying duck, the egg duck is different from the tumor-headed duck in that it has a strong ability to adapt to the climate, the high temperature in summer in the south, and there is no problem in summer in the north. Therefore, from the analysis of climatic conditions, egg ducks are mainly raised in winter in the north. When the outdoor air temperature drops below zero, grazing must be stopped, and when the indoor temperature is below 5 ℃, it is necessary to heat up and keep warm. As long as the indoor temperature is maintained at 10: 15 ℃, the laying rate can still reach 85% in winter.

3. From the natural environment of grazing, it is possible to graze in the north in spring, summer and autumn, but it has to be trained. Only by mastering the technical essentials of grazing can there be no problems. The temperature in the north is too low in winter, so we must stop grazing and change to indoor captivity.

4. To sum up, southern egg ducks raised in the north can be adapted as long as they are properly kept warm in winter. The breeding method adopted is suitable for captivity; if it is grazing, grazing should also be stopped in winter. In order to raise egg ducks well in the north, the key is to master the habits of egg ducks, and the whole set of feeding and management techniques adopted must be reasonable and correct in order to achieve the goal of high yield.

Select improved varieties according to market needs

What does it mean to choose improved varieties according to the needs of the market? For example, white-shell eggs and green-shell eggs have nothing to do with the laying rate, nor the nutritional value of eggs, but are closely related to economic benefits. Because people in some areas like green-shell duck eggs, the retail price of each egg is 0.05-0.1 yuan higher than that of white-shell eggs. According to the calculation of 300 eggs laid by a duck per year, under the same conditions, the income of green-shell eggs is 15,30 yuan higher than that of white-shell eggs, and the benefit is considerable. For example, ducks are raised in some areas, mainly processing preserved and salted eggs, which are sold according to the number of eggs, rather than by weight, so when businessmen buy, the price of small eggs is 30% or 50% higher than that of big eggs, so small eggs sell well, making it difficult to promote the variety of big eggs. In a similar situation, for example, when incubators buy breeding eggs, some specialize in collecting small eggs, because no matter big eggs or small eggs, each fertilized egg can only hatch one duckling, and ducklings are sold at a price. So when you choose excellent varieties, you must not only consider the main factor of production performance, but also take into account the special needs of the local market. Only by combining the two and considering them as a whole can the best benefit be obtained.