Breeding techniques of Hot Duck

Hot duck is also called Han duck, and its scientific name is verrucous duck. It is the only kind of duck used for both medicine and food in China. It belongs to the family Anatidae. Originated in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China, hot duck has strong disease resistance, resistance to rough feeding, easy to raise, high laying rate, fast reproduction, suitable for stocking, captive breeding and so on. It is a promising new special breeding poultry, suitable for raising in the north and south of our country.

Production performance of Hot Duck

According to the determination, under the current feeding conditions, the average birth weight of hot ducks is 40 grams. After 11 weeks of feeding, the weight of male fire ducks is 3500 grams, the largest is about 5000 grams, while the weight of adult female fire ducks is 2500 grams. The meat-to-meat ratio can reach 1RU 2.8-3.4. The semi-clean slaughter rate of adult male fire duck is 74%, and that of female fire duck is 75%. The mother fire duck begins to lay eggs after 6 months of feeding, with an annual egg production of 250,280 eggs. The average weight of duck eggs is 70 grams, and the largest one is about 100 grams.

The living habits of Hot Duck

1. Water habit: hot ducks have the habit of getting into the water between their toes, but they are poor in water, so they gradually degenerate this function in the process of long-term domestication and become a little afraid of water. maybe that's why people call it a hot duck!

2. Gregariousness: hot ducks are gentle, not afraid of people, resistant to rough feeding, good at foraging and strong gregariousness. As long as they have more suitable feeding places and conditions, they can live well in groups in terms of feeding and reproduction. Therefore, hot ducks are suitable for raising in large groups.

3. Cold tolerance: the hot duck has strong adaptability to the climatic environment, both cold and heat-resistant, as long as the feeding conditions are good, when the temperature is low in winter and spring, it does not affect its yield and weight gain.

4. Omnivorous: due to the underdeveloped sense of smell and taste of hot ducks, they do not have high requirements for the flavor of feed. They can swallow larger food balls and store them in the inflated part of the esophagus (the lens of eating pipa with turkey ducks) and the gravel left in the muscle and stomach. Can grind food well. Therefore, the hot duck eats more at one time and has a wide diet.

Construction of breeding grounds

1. The nursery room: some dilapidated houses can be used in the nursery room, and the interior should be separated into a number of small fence houses with brick walls. The fence house should not be too high, and it should be less than one meter. It is not easy to manage. The specific size and height should be determined according to the site. The fence house should be covered with a layer of barbed wire to facilitate the sanitation and cleaning work. The food trough and sink had better be mobile. Thermal insulation lights should also be installed indoors. In addition, a drain must be set at the root of the wall so that the indoor garbage can be removed in time.

2. Adult duck house: the breeding site had better be in a secluded environment, leeward and sunny, where the terrain is higher, the enclosure had better sit north and south, the slope of the playground should be 30 degrees, the soil quality should be sandy, and the conditions can be paved with bricks or cement floors. barbed wire should be laid in the rest area to strengthen hygiene and epidemic prevention and prevent bacteria infection. The water source facilities of the breeding site should be improved, the flume should be located in the activity area, and the stone trough had better be active, which can be easily cleaned and fed. In addition, you can also use a variety of idle rooms and idle space for breeding, such as encircling a piece of woodland for breeding, not only the use of space, the droppings of hot ducks can also bring a lot of nutrition to trees, it can be said to kill two birds with one stone and kill two birds with one stone.

Breeding techniques of Hot Duck

1. Selection of breeding eggs: duck eggs with no rupture, no smell and no deterioration should be selected as breeding eggs. After they are selected, they are placed on the grid, and after they are placed, they are directly put into the incubator. Next, disinfection work will be carried out.

2, seed egg disinfection: disinfect can choose Jian Tai Wei sprinkling disinfectant (patted medicine), mix it into 600 times dilute liquid, spray it directly on the breeding egg, wait for the seed egg to dry, you can manage the incubation period just on the door of the incubator.

3. Incubation management: the whole hatching process takes about 40 days, the first 27 days are carried out in the incubator, and the last ten days are hatched in the incubator bed.

Incubator period management

1. Egg turning: from the first day of hatching, egg turning should be carried out every 3 hours. Egg turning can change the position of the embryo, promote the embryo movement, make the embryo heated evenly, and effectively prevent the embryo from adhering to the eggshell. There are two ways to turn eggs. The first is to take the net frame out of the incubator and flip it individually. Manual operation must be done carefully to minimize the rate of eggshell damage. The second is the overall rotation, by pushing and pulling the hatching grid to change the position of the breeding eggs, the two methods can be carried out alternately.

2. Light eggs: during the incubation period, the light eggs should be carried out on the 7th, 13th and 23rd days respectively. According to the eggs can be carried out with light, there are two purposes, one is to see the hatching of the eggs. The second is to pick out spoiled azoospermic eggs and dead eggs. Shooting eggs can be carried out at night or during the day, and if it is a novice, it is recommended to do this work at night, because in a dark environment, if there are broken ones, it is easier to distinguish them from the color, and for those whose colors are gray, pick them out in time. Moreover, according to the egg, the development in the breeding egg can be found very obviously. in about 7 days, you can see something like a silk mesh inside, and in about 13 days, it will become a cotton-shaped object, that is, the duck larva that is slowly hatching. At about 23 days, the breeding egg will look like a cloud, and a piece of black and white, this is the larva about to take shape.

3. Egg drying: in the process of hatching, there are eleven very important steps to help the embryo dissipate heat and breathe fresh air. Because duck eggs contain more fat, with the development of the embryo will lead to an increase in calories, if the temperature is not adjusted properly, it is easy to cause death. Therefore, the door of the incubator should be opened once every morning, noon and evening to dry eggs for about 2 hours each time. This can play a role in regulating air circulation to ensure the smooth progress of hatching.

4. Temperature: during the incubation period, the temperature must be strictly grasped in order to ensure the success of the incubation. In the first 7 days, the temperature should be controlled at 38 ℃, after 7 days, the temperature should be controlled at 37.8 ℃, and after 23 days, the temperature should be reduced to 37.4 ℃. You can adjust the temperature through the machine, or you can use manual coordination, such as egg adjustment, egg adjustment is to change the upper and lower positions of the net frame, and the temperature in different positions in the cage is also different, so that the temperature can be balanced.

5. Humidity: during the incubation of duck eggs, the water in the eggs will continue to evaporate, so the weight of the eggs will also be reduced. It is best to take measures to control the weight loss of duck eggs at about 13%. The main control method is to maintain humidity.

Incubator period management

1. Temperature: to control the temperature at 36-37 ℃, the breeding eggs on the incubator can dissipate heat spontaneously. The more close to the middle, the higher the temperature will be, while the surrounding temperature will be relatively low, so it is not conducive to hatching. Therefore, turning the eggs every 4 hours is to put the eggs around in the middle and squeeze them down gently, so that the breeding eggs in the middle can be driven to the side. The temperature can be well balanced. In addition, when the temperature is too high, you can turn on the fan to lower the indoor temperature, and you can also sprinkle water on the hatching bed. The temperature is not too low, and it is appropriate to use 18: 26 ℃. When the temperature is too low, you can use blankets or cotton cloth to warm up.

2. Inspection: the more you get to this last moment, the more you must check it out frequently. There are three methods, which are called "one look, two smells, three listens". This is to take a closer look and find that the skin is gray, the hand touches the egg and feels cold, or the black tip of the egg is a dead embryo, which can be taken out at will. Next, smell it with your nose. If the egg stinks, it must be broken. If you are not sure, gently shake the eggs in your ear with your hand, and if you hear the sound of liquid sloshing, it must be a failure of incubation, and you can throw it away. About 7 days later, you can see a small hole in the duck egg, which is the hole pecked out by the ducklings, because they want to get out of the shell, and on the 13th day or so, they can't wait to get out of the eggshell.

3. Vaccine: ducklings should be vaccinated 2-3 hours after they come out of their shell. The vaccine can be vaccinated with Muscovy duck parvovirus vaccine (photographed). Usually, when injected, it should be injected from the back of the neck of ducklings. The dose is 0.2 milliliters per duckling. After the injection is completed, it will enter the growth stage of ducklings.

4. Transportation: duck seedlings can be packed into special cardboard boxes with a density not too high. Ensure that each duck seedling has a movable space of 10 to 15 centimeters. The top cover of the carton should have a part of the hole to ensure air circulation. In addition, during the transportation, water replenishment work is carried out every 2 hours, that is, the duck seedlings are sprayed in the form of spray (the spray lens also mended a period of water before running on the duckling grass). Let them absorb some water to ensure the safety in the process of transportation.

Feeding and management of ducklings

1, feeding: during this period, the ducklings do not eat much, mainly feeding some fine coarse fodder once a day, the time can be chosen at 11:00 at noon, the feeding amount is 2% of the individual weight as the standard.

2, drinking water: during the breeding period, drinking water is very critical, it is best to use a mobile sink to facilitate the timely change of water, and can also ensure the safety and sanitation of water. After filling the sink with water, it can be put directly into the fence house.

3. Hygiene: clean once a day to prevent the emergence of germs. When cleaning, clean every corner of the fence house, and wash the fecal debris into the sewer to keep the shed away from pollution.

4, disinfection: indoor every day to carry out disinfection, you can choose dichlorobenzene, its deployment into 500 times the dilute solution, evenly sprayed to the brooding room on it, the best time to choose after 5 o'clock in the afternoon.

5. Temperature: during this period, the temperature should be controlled at 28: 30 ℃, which can be adjusted by heating lamp. The length of time the heating lamp is turned on should be determined by the indoor air temperature. After scientific management, about 15 days later, the ducklings can be transferred to the outdoor field and enter the management stage of commercial ducks.

6. Epidemic prevention: it should be noted that before stocking, to carry out an epidemic prevention work, you can choose the duck triple epidemic vaccine and inject the solution into the root of the duck's thigh, with a dose of 0.2 ml per duck as the standard.

7. Density: as the hot duck comes out of the pen very quickly, there is no need for separate breeding in the feeding process, so the density of this stocking should not be too small. In general, it will be fine according to the standard of 6 birds per square meter.

Feeding and management of commercial ducks

1. Feeding: during this period, special pellet feed for poultry is mainly fed twice a day, each time taking 4% of the weight of individual ducks as the standard, and the feeding time can be chosen from 7: 00 to 8: 00 every morning. and from 5: 00 to 6: 00 every afternoon. It is necessary to remind everyone that there are two feather pecking peaks in hot ducks, one is when the tail feathers grow at the age of 1 month, and the other is when the rear wing feathers are growing at the age of 2 months, in order to reduce feather pecking, attention should be paid to adding some sulfur-containing amino acids and additives to treat feather pecking in time, such as feather powder and stop pecking ling, and the ratio of feather powder and feed can be matched according to 1:5. The ratio of stop pecking spirit to feed is 1:7, which can effectively stop their feather pecking behavior.

2, drinking water management: the amount of drinking water of the hot duck is very large, therefore, there should be sufficient drinking water in the sink, and attention must be paid to changing water frequently to ensure the freshness and hygiene of the water quality.

3, site disinfection: hot ducks like to group together, and feces will be excreted anytime and anywhere, so it is easier to cause germs, so it is necessary to disinfect the fence house every day, you can choose dichlorobenzene, and mix it into 800 times dilute liquid. Spray it evenly to every corner of the fence.

4. Cleaning: in order to create a clean and hygienic living environment for the hot duck, clean every day, wash the shed clean, and clean the particularly dirty places with a brush. Wash carefully and carefully, do not leave any corner, lest breed bacteria and bring adverse factors to the growth of the hot duck.

5. Immunity and epidemic prevention: hot ducks are easy to produce duck plague or bird flu while growing rapidly, which is mainly based on prevention. They can be vaccinated every other month, and duck triple disease vaccine can be selected for 30 days. 0.5 ml per animal is the standard, and 1 ml is the standard when each duck is injected for 60 days. In this way, disease rarely occurs in them. After about four months of management, the weight of commercial ducks can basically reach 3000 kilograms. At this time, they can be put on the market for sale, while at the same time, some breeding ducks should be reserved for laying eggs and breeding.

6. Selection of breeder ducks: breeding hot ducks or laying hot ducks can be selected according to the ratio of male and female. It should be noted that when choosing female hot ducks, the ones with small head, long neck and big eyes should be selected. The standard of male fire duck is big, strong and flexible. After planting hot ducks, they have to break their wings, because at this time, they are about to have the ability to fly. In order to prevent the hot ducks from escaping, they cut their wings.

7. Wing-cutting and flight prevention: just cut off the 5'6 feathers on the tail of the hot duck's wings. These feathers play a central role in the hot duck's flight. As long as they cut off the feathers on one wing, they will not be able to fly. Next, you can enter the breeding and management stage of duck breeding.

Feeding and management of breeder ducks

1. Injection vaccine: breeding ducks begin to lay eggs about a month after they are retained. 3-5 days before entering the laying period, a vaccine should be injected. You can choose the duck triple epidemic vaccine. The dose is 1 ml per hot duck as the standard. Just inject the medicine into the thigh heel of the hot duck. After that, a dose of 0.5 milliliters is injected every one month, which can prevent duck plague and bird flu.

2. Feeding management: during this period, the full price feed of egg duck or egg breeder duck can be selected. At the same time, attention should be paid to the proportion of calcium and phosphorus in the feed. It can be mixed according to the proportion of feed, calcium and phosphorus at 5:2:1, and fed three times a day. The time is 7: 00 a.m., 1: 00 noon and 6: 00 p.m., each time to account for 6% of the individual weight of hot ducks, about 2 months later. It will enter the peak period of egg laying, at this time, we should pay attention to adding protein in the feed, according to the standard of 200 grams per kilogram of feed, which is conducive to achieving the effect of high and stable yield.

3. Drinking water disinfection: the water in the flume of the breeding site must not be cut off, and the quality of drinking water should be guaranteed. The water should be changed in time every day. The disinfection work in this period is essential. If the disinfection is carried out every 3 days, 800 times dilute dichlorojing solution can be sprayed in the whole house, which can not only ensure the health of the hot duck, but also prevent the duck eggs from being contaminated.

4. cleaning at this stage, both male and female fire ducks shoulder huge tasks, not only eating too much feces, but also a lot of excrement. Therefore, we have to clean the fence every day, not only to clean the whole column, but also to wash the sink clean to ensure hygiene and create a comfortable environment for female ducks to lay eggs.

5. Pick up eggs at the right time: hot ducks lay eggs irregularly, so you have to pick up eggs every 3 to 5 hours. Put them directly into the bucket where they are easy to pick up. When there are a large number of eggs, you can pick up the eggs with a device similar to a leaky spoon, and then put them in the bucket. These duck eggs can be sold and eaten, and can also be used to hatch and breed the next generation.