Culture technology of black swan

Black swan is native to Australia, is an important member of the swan family, world-famous ornamental rare birds. The physical features are as follows: except for a small part of the primary flying feather, the rest of the body is dark in color, with a bright red beak on the back, a V-shaped leucorrhea at the front, red iris, black web, and a weight of 47.7kg. The neck is often curved in the shape of "S", dignified and beautiful. Its temperament is docile and easy to raise. It can breed two nests every spring and autumn in our country, and it can lay 4-5 clutch eggs by artificially stimulating spawning, and the number of eggs can reach 30. The feeding method of black swan is simple and has strong disease resistance, so it is a labor-saving and high-benefit breeding product.

Environment and feeding mode

1. General environmental conditions. Site selection should be far away from the village and living areas, as far as possible to avoid external interference.

2. Natural stocking. Black swans in the case of free breeding, the water area can be large or small, generally every 100 square meters of water can be stocked with a pair of geese, plant some water plants in the pool, the open space around the pool can rotate forage according to the season for its feeding, and plant some trees for summer shade, the area is surrounded by 1.5-meter-high mesh or fence to prevent other animals from entering and interfering, affecting their growth and reproduction. The water in the pool should be disinfected regularly, generally sprinkling 50 kg of fresh lime powder or 20 kg of bleach powder on each mu of water surface. In the case of free breeding, black swans are required to cut their wings artificially or cut feathers once a year to prevent flight and escape. the method of feathering is simple, and the specific operation method is to cut off 5 or 6 primary feathers after molting every autumn.

3. Cage and captivity. If the cage is used in captivity, the area is 30 square meters, the pool is 10 square meters, the water depth is 60 centimeters, each house raises a pair of geese, and the pool water is changed regularly.

Feed standard

1. Feed for breeding geese. Concentrate feed (pellet feed for laying hens) is given priority to, and green feed (including forage, green vegetables, etc.) is supplemented. During the breeding period, 5% fish meal and 3% shell meal are added to the concentrate feed to meet the breeding needs.

2. Gosling feed requirements. Daily diet for concentrate feed 70%, green feed 30%, concentrate feed with high protein content of broiler particles.

3. Young geese. When the goslings are raised to the stage of raising young geese at the age of 4 months, the concentrate feed can be converted to egg chick pellets and provide green feed for free feeding.

The pairing of breeder geese

1. Free pairing. Young geese begin to pair when they enter the breeding preparatory period at the age of 18 months, which allows them to fall in love freely in the free-range area. if the successful swans are inseparable and go in and out in pairs, it can be considered that the pairing is successful, the formation of the pair is relatively stable, and there is occasionally the phenomenon of monogamy and double wives.

2. Forced pairing by hand. For swans whose free love has not been matched successfully, the problem of marriage can be solved by artificial forced pairing. the specific operation method is to put an unmatched black swan, a male and a female, in an adjacent cage, so that it is out of reach of each other. If the two geese meet in a separate net frequently, they can be raised in the same cage when nodding to show their love. If there is a pairing phenomenon, it can be put into the free-range breeding area, if it fails, it can be used again, generally once can solve the problem.

Work during the breeding period

1. Provide nest material. Black swans enter the sexual maturity period at the age of 20 months, at this stage, they should provide dry thatch, Leymus chinensis, straw and other nesting materials around their activities for them to pick freely to build nests.

2. Hatching naturally. Black swans can lay their first eggs on the 15th day after the first mating, and then one on the next day, and each nest can produce 67.If it is allowed to hatch naturally, a small shed should be built at the top of the nest to protect it from sun and rain, and human interference should be avoided during the incubation period.

3. Artificial hatching. After the first egg is laid, the egg can be removed from the nest and replaced with a false egg, and then the new egg is taken out. Finally, the false egg is taken out, and protective measures should be taken during artificial egg collection to prevent it from being attacked by swans and causing injury. Generally, the second spawning period can be entered every 20 days, and the second nest of eggs can hatch naturally. Hatching for 4-5 days, when the number of eggs is large, it can be hatched by machine, and when the number of eggs is small, it is better to hatch manually in warm water. The best warming scheme was variable temperature hatching, 38 ℃ for 15 days, 37.5 ℃ for 16 days, and 36.8 ℃ for 33 days. When it developed to 25 days, the eggs were dried once a day, 5 minutes for 8 minutes each time, and artificial moisture was added after 32 days, so as to increase the hatching rate of breeding eggs, and the goslings came out of shell in 35 days.

Management during the rearing period

Naturally hatched swan chicks can allow breeding geese to raise their own chicks, and the effect is ideal. Artificially hatched goose chicks should do the following:

1. Temperature. It was 3532 ℃ after coming out of the shell for 7 days, and then decreased by 1 ℃ per week, and gradually decreased to the natural temperature. whether the temperature was suitable or not depends on the mental state of the goslings.

2. Epidemic prevention. Gosling plague serum 0.5ml was injected subcutaneously into the neck of goslings within 24 hours after hatching.

3. Feeding. Gosling can drink 30 hours after coming out of its shell, drink with lukewarm water, drink with antibiotics for 3 days, feed for 2 hours after drinking, feed 6-7 times a day, and drink freely.

Health and epidemic prevention measures

1. Clean regularly in the culture area, keep it clean, and spray disinfection with disinfectant solution to kill all kinds of pathogens. Commonly used disinfectant solutions include quaternary amine salts, sulfonate and other preparations, and disinfection drugs should be changed regularly.

2. During the feeding period, broad-spectrum antibiotics such as amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, cyclopromethrin or herbal medicine can be used for three days to prevent the occurrence of poultry disease.

3. Gosling plague serum and goose paramyxovirus oil vaccine were injected intramuscularly at the beginning of March every year.

Prevention and treatment of common diseases

The main diseases of black swans are goose plague, colibacillosis, goose paramyxovirus disease, avian cholera, parasitic diseases and so on. While doing a good job in routine work, the mental state of black swans should be regularly observed to achieve early detection, early isolation, early treatment and symptomatic medication to prevent the spread of poultry diseases.