High-yield Culture techniques of White-feathered King Pigeon

Techniques of seed conservation and purification and rejuvenation

The American white-feathered king pigeon has the advantages of strong fecundity, fast growth, large body size, high feed reward, strong disease resistance, good genetic performance and so on. However, if we do not pay attention to the protection of species, there is no strict purification and rejuvenation measures, after several years of breeding, the core group of the variety will soon degenerate due to inbreeding. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in species conservation, purification and rejuvenation, and the measures include the following aspects:

1. The choice of appearance requires that the young pigeons with warm body, symmetrical structure, strong feeding ability, wide and deep chest and protruding forward, flat and long back, straight keel, pure white, smooth and lubricated body and close to the body should be reserved for breeding pigeons.

2. Body type selection: reserve breeding pigeons with long body shape, but not landing on the tail, wide and deep chest and moderate body shape are required to be reserved for breeding.

3. Production performance requires high laying rate, high fertilization rate, low dead embryo rate, good hatching ability and strong brooding ability of parent pigeons. The offspring of parent pigeons with a monthly egg production of 3 pairs and a litter cycle of less than 35 days will be reserved for breeding.

4, the production speed requires the selection of 30-day-old pigeon weight: more than 550 grams of male pigeons, more than 600 grams of female pigeons, reserved for breeding.

5. the core group was divided into two groups An and B, the female pigeon of group A was matched with the male pigeon of group B, and the female pigeon of group B was matched with the male pigeon of group A to prevent inbreeding.

6. management requires that the above activities must be recorded, cage numbers established, archives and genealogies formed, and checked frequently. Conditional pedigree identification, pedigree analysis, understand the pros and cons of the descendants, find problems and deal with them in time, and eliminate the cage numbers with poor records.

Technology of "hatching three eggs"

In the small and medium-sized farms (households) that do not master the technical conditions of artificial hatching and artificial feeding, the technology of "hatching three eggs" is first applied to explore the production experience, increase the yield of squab, increase the benefit, and achieve faster results. Specific methods:

1. Breeding pigeon grouping: 30% of the young breeding pigeons with good egg laying performance and high fertilization rate, but poor hatching and poor feeding are selected to form an egg laying group, which is used as a special egg laying pigeon group. 70% of the strong and aged pigeons with good hatching and good feeding were selected as the hatching and feeding group to undertake the task of hatching and feeding. There is no need to adjust the cage position between the two groups of breeding pigeons, as long as they can be distinguished by marking them in place.

2. Spelling egg hatching: the pigeon eggs laid by the breeding pigeons in the egg laying group are taken out at 8 o'clock in the evening and put into the hatching and feeding group. Each litter hatches three eggs, so it is called "hatching three eggs". The 1/3 laying pigeons spared the hatching task, laid eggs full-time, and laid a litter of eggs (two) every 7-13 days, which greatly increased the laying rate of the whole breeding pigeon.

3. Make a good nest: put a layer of linen cloth at the bottom of the nest, spread rice straw (cut into 3 cm-4 cm long), husk and other cushions to make the bottom of the pot, and then put a layer of linen cloth on top. The purpose of nesting is to keep the three eggs warm, not to get cold, to reduce the damage of pigeon eggs and to improve the hatching rate.

4. egg adjustment: every 4-5 days, the eggs are taken out every time the eggs are taken out, and the eggs are adjusted and merged according to each litter of three eggs, so that the breeding pigeons to be spared eggs lay a litter ahead of time. This has a significant effect on increasing production.

5. Hatching adjustment: after hatching for 17 ~ 18 days, the young pigeons are hatched and flexibly adjusted according to the number of chicks per day, so that the ones with strong feeding ability and those with poor feeding ability can be fed flexibly. Three breeding pigeons that are fed should be replenished and watered. In order to reduce the burden of feeding pigeons and shorten the laying cycle, it can be changed from manual feeding to market when feeding to 7-8 days old.

6. Millet treatment: it is the natural nature of pigeons to nest and hatch after laying two eggs. When pigeon eggs are taken away artificially for a long time, a small number of breeding pigeons will love their nests and hold their nests, delaying the next round of egg laying. The simple method is to remove the egg from the nest at the same time (it should be the movable egg nest), force the hatching pigeon to wake up immediately without a nest, and put it back into the egg nest every 6 days to lay the second round of eggs. It not only solves the problem of lazy hugging and laying eggs early, but also facilitates the cleaning and disinfection of egg nests.

Artificial hatching pigeon technology

Using artificial hatching pigeons instead of natural hatching pigeons, one is to exempt breeding pigeons from hatching tasks, shorten the laying cycle and increase egg production, and the other is to avoid unfavorable factors such as broken eggs and cold dead eggs caused by parent pigeons during hatching, so as to improve the hatching rate and hatching rate. By correctly mastering the technology of artificially hatching pigeons, the hatching rate can be increased from 68% to 88%. There is a slight difference in specific operation between artificially hatched pigeons and artificially hatched chickens.

1. Pick up the eggs: take out all the pigeon eggs after 8 pm every day, not too early or too late. Too early, some breeding pigeons do not lay eggs; too late, some breeding pigeons have the habit of hatching immediately after laying eggs; resulting in a rise in the temperature of pigeon eggs, which has a bad effect on artificial hatching. When taking eggs, the egg nests must be taken out together, so as not to affect the next round of egg laying. When picking up eggs, record the laying time of breeding pigeons and marks of pigeon eggs, and set up files. After the pigeon eggs are taken out, they can be hatched directly into the incubator or stored temporarily. The storage temperature should not be higher than 20 degrees, nor lower than 5 degrees, and the air should be fresh and ventilated. If there are conditions, the breeding eggs can be stored in an incubator with a constant temperature of 18 degrees or in the egg bank.

2. Incubation: using a small incubator, the egg rack for hatching eggs is changed into that for pigeon eggs. For the convenience of management, after taking eggs continuously for 4 days, all breeding eggs can be put into the incubator for hatching at once, and then there will be a hatching cycle every four days. The incubation temperature is controlled at 38.3-38.8 degrees during the whole period, which is 0.5-1.0 degrees higher than that of eggs, and the relative humidity is 50% 55%. Turn eggs 4-6 times a day. Pigeon eggs hatch to the 12th day, take out the eggs once a day, cool the eggs outside the incubator, and put them back into the incubator when the temperature drops to 30 degrees. The pigeon eggs hatched by the newcomers in the original machine hatched as usual.

3. Photo eggs: after each batch of pigeon eggs hatched for 5 days, the eggs were illuminated for the first time, and the azoospermic eggs and pre-dead embryo eggs were taken out in time. The pigeon eggs were illuminated for the second time on the 10th day after hatching and the third time on the 16th day after hatching, and the dead embryo eggs were taken out in time so as not to affect the hatching effect. After 17-18 days of incubation, the young pigeons begin to come out of their shells. It has been proved by long-term production practice that this method is reliable, the hatching rate is high, the appearance of young pigeons is beautiful, the healthy nestling rate is high, there is no big belly nailed navel, the eggshell is clean after hatching, and satisfactory results are obtained.

Feed compounding technology

In order to ensure the different nutritional requirements of each growth and development and production and breeding stages of meat pigeons, according to the type, quantity and quality of nutrients in feed, the diets were calculated in proportion and processed or made into pellets to meet the nutritional needs of pigeons. to achieve the goal of high efficiency and low cost. Some feed formulations are introduced for reference.

.tab {width:100%;border:1px solid # ccc }. Tab td {border:1px solid # ccc} Pigeon breeding stage Feed Formula (reference) 1-day-old milk powder 50%, egg white 35%, vegetable oil 5%, instant supplement 14,5%, bone meal 2%, yeast powder 1%, protein digestive enzyme 1%, cod liver oil 1%, salt 0.l%5 day-7-day-old milk powder 40%, chicken feed 25%, egg white 20%, vegetable oil 5%, instant supplement 14.5%, bone meal 2%, Yeast powder 1%, protein digestive enzyme 1%, cod liver oil 1%, salt 0.1% 8-day-old milk powder 15%, chicken feed 50%, egg yolk 20%, vegetable oil 5%, quick supplement 14.4%, bone powder 3%, yeast powder 1%, protein digestive enzyme 1%, cod liver oil 1%, salt 0.1% 11-day-old milk powder 10% Chicken feed 65%, egg yolk 10%, vegetable oil 5%, quick tonic 14.3%, bone meal 4%, yeast powder 1%, protein digestive enzyme 1%, cod liver oil 1%, salt 0.2% 16-24-day-old milk powder 5%, chick feed 80%, vegetable oil 5%, quick supplement 14.3%, bone meal 4%, yeast powder 1%, protein digestive enzyme 1%, cod liver oil 1%, salt 0.2% 25-day-old milk powder 5%, 85% chicken feed Quick tonic 14.3%, bone meal 4%, yeast powder 1%, protein digestive enzyme 1%, cod liver oil 1%, salt 0.2% young pigeon feed formula corn 55%, pea 20%, mung bean 5%, wheat 15% Hemp kernel 5% produces pigeon general formula corn 45%, pea 27%, mung bean 5%, wheat 15%, hemp kernel 8% non-production pigeon general feed formula corn 30% 70%, sorghum 10% mae 15%, rice or brown rice 10%-30%, wheat 10% Lue 20%, hemp kernel 3% Mel 5%

In order to keep the relative stability of laying, hatching and feeding of pigeons, and minimize the random changes of feed, including the fixed proportion, timing and quantity of the formula, the breeders must weigh and mix the feed raw materials well, and the feed should be strengthened. If there is a shortage of feed materials, it needs to be changed slowly.

Artificial feeding technology of squab

Artificial feeding of squab is a scientific technology with high sanitary conditions and meticulous operation. Specifically, we should do a good job in the following aspects:

1. Tools

① pigeon feeder: the use of medical equipment supplies, suction ball or syringe (removal of needles) into a small capacity pigeon feeder; set up a larger capacity of bucket pigeon feeder, including bucket feeder, pedal pigeon feeder and handgun electric pneumatic pigeon feeder and so on.

② incubator for young pigeons aged from 1 day to 7 days old.

③ pigeon cage: generally, the rectangular galvanized mesh plane pigeon cage with growing 200cm, wide lOOcm, high 50cm and mesh lcm × 1cm can be made for artificial breeding of squab from 8 days old to 16 days old. From the age of 17 days to 26 days, a cage-type pigeon cage was designed, with 4-6 pigeons as a cage.

The capacity and number of pigeon feeder, incubator and squab cage are determined according to the production scale.

2. Brooding: after 17-18 days of hatching, the young pigeon comes out of its shell, that is, it enters the incubator and is placed in the incubator or incubator. The temperature was 37 ~ 38 degrees from 1 day old to 4 days old and 34 ~ 36 degrees from 5 days old to 7 days old. On the basis of summarizing the experience of small experiments, the pigeon feeder or injection feeder was used to carry out artificial feeding. From 8 days old to 15 days old, the temperature was required to be 30 ~ 33 degrees, and then gradually decreased to normal temperature. At this point, a large capacity bucket feeder is used to feed the pigeon. From 16 days old to 26 days old, the pigeons in upper cage were fattened out of the fence. In the whole brooding process, attention should be paid to heat preservation and ventilation.

3. The preparation of suckling pigeon feed: whether the artificial feeding technology of suckling pigeon can be successful, the most important thing is the preparation of suckling pigeon feed. Mix the feed according to the above formula, stir evenly, heat up the right amount of boiling water and dry to 40 degrees. The pigeon feed of 1 day to 4 days old, 5 days old to 7 days old was liquid, 8 days old to 10 days old and 11 days old to 15 days old was paste, 16 days old to 24 days old pigeon feed was wet paste, and 25 days old to 30 days old pigeon feed was dry and wet for self-feeding.

4. Step by step: in the application of artificial feeding technology, it should be carried out in an all-round way on the basis of summarizing the experience of a small number of experiments. You can first carry out pigeon feeding for a week before artificial feeding, and then gradually realize the whole process of artificial feeding after basic mastery.

5. Do a good job of the "five hurdles": manual feeding of suckling pigeons requires good health, temperature, preparation of suckling pigeon feed, feeding technology and "disease from mouth to mouth", in which the preparation of suckling pigeon feed is the key to success. Hygiene and disinfection to prevent "disease from entering the mouth" is an important part of success. Only with a good grasp of these five aspects can we effectively ensure the healthy and normal growth and development of squab.

The artificial hatching of pigeon eggs combined with the artificial feeding technology of squab eliminates the two major tasks of hatching and feeding of breeding pigeons, which can shorten the laying period of breeding pigeons and increase the production of eggs and squab. According to practice, the laying cycle of breeding pigeons was shortened from 35 ~ 40 days to 10 ~ 15 days, the annual egg production of each pair of breeding pigeons increased from 16-18 to more than 48, and the annual production of squab increased from 12 to more than 38, which greatly increased the economic benefits of pigeon farms.