Requirements for the construction of hare farms

Environmental requirements of hare farms

The environment of rabbit house is closely related to the growth, development, health and reproduction of rabbits. There are many factors that affect the environment of rabbit house, such as temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, noise, dust and so on.

1. Temperature: the sweat gland of the hare is extremely underdeveloped, and the body surface has a thick coat, so it is more sensitive to ambient temperature. According to the experiment, the optimum temperature of young hare, young hare and adult hare is 3035 ℃, 2025 ℃ and 1520 ℃ respectively. The ambient temperature should be taken into account when building a house. The hare has a strong tolerance to low temperature, and the healthy hare can survive normally in the environment of-40 ℃, but it needs to consume more nutrients in order to maintain body temperature.

2, humidity: the hare likes the dry environment, the most suitable relative humidity is 60%-65%, generally should not be less than 55% or more than 70%. The environment of high temperature and high humidity and low temperature and high humidity is harmful to rabbits, which is not conducive to heat dissipation in summer or heat preservation in winter, and is easy to be infected with parasitic diseases in vivo and in vitro. According to production practice, excessive air humidity often leads to damp cages, pollution of hair, conducive to the reproduction of bacteria and parasites, causing the spread of scabies and eczema. On the contrary, the rabbit house air is too dry, long-term humidity is too low, causing respiratory tract mucosa dry crack, and lead to bacteria, virus infection and so on. In view of the above, the humidity in the rabbit house should be kept stable as far as possible. The excretion and urine of the hare, the water vapor exhaled and the moisture of washing the ground are the main reasons for the increase of humidity in the rabbit house. In order to reduce the humidity in the house, you can strengthen ventilation, or sprinkle quicklime, plant ash, etc., and rinse with water as far as possible when cleaning in rainy and wet seasons.

3. Ventilation: ventilation is a good way to adjust the temperature and humidity of the hare house. Ventilation can also eliminate dirty gases, dust and excessive water vapor in the house, which can effectively reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases. The dung and urine discharged by the hare and the polluted mat grass can be decomposed and emit harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide under certain temperature conditions. The hare is a highly sensitive animal, and its tolerance to harmful gases is lower than that of other animals. when the hare is in the environment of high concentration of harmful gases, it is easy to cause respiratory diseases and aggravate the spread of pasteurellosis and infectious cold. Ventilation can be divided into natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation. Natural ventilation is often used in small farms, which is adjusted by the air convection of doors and windows or the exhaust and intake holes of the roof. Large and medium-sized rabbit farms often use ventilated or ventilated mechanical ventilation, which is mostly used in hot summer and is a supplement to natural ventilation. Form of assistance. The suitable wind speed in the rabbit house is 0.4 m / s in summer and 0.1 m / s in winter. It should be emphasized that the rabbit house should be strictly guarded against the attack of thieves in winter. Reduce the concentration of harmful gases in the house, but also through frequent cleaning, washing, strengthening ventilation to keep the air in the room fresh.

4. Light: light plays an important role in regulating the physiological function of breeding hare. Suitable light helps to enhance the metabolism of rabbits, increase appetite and promote the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, while insufficient light can lead to the decrease of libido and conception rate of rabbits. In addition, light also has the functions of sterilization, keeping rabbit houses dry and preventing diseases. Male and female rabbits have different requirements for light. Generally speaking, breeding female rabbits require long light, and the best light is 14-16 hours a day, which shows that the conception rate is high, the litter size is large, and the best reproductive effect can be obtained. Under the condition of long light, the semen quality of male rabbits decreased, and the effect was the best when the light was 10 hours per day for 12 hours. Small hare farms generally use natural light, and the daylighting area of doors and windows of rabbit houses should account for about 15% of the ground, but direct sunlight should be avoided; large and medium-sized hare farms, especially intensive rabbit farms, mostly use artificial light or artificial supplementary light, and the light source is better with incandescent light, 3 watts per square meter, and the lamp height is generally 2 meters and 2.5 meters from the ground.

5. Noise: noise is one of the important environmental factors. According to experiments, sudden noise can lead to miscarriage of pregnant rabbits, and lactating rabbits refuse to breast-feed. There are three main sources of noise: the first is the sound from the outside, the second is the sound produced by machinery and operation in the house, and the third is the sound of feeding, walking and fighting produced by the hare itself. If the hare encounters a sudden noise, it will panic, jump randomly, kick and hiss, resulting in loss of appetite or even death. In order to reduce noise, the construction of rabbit house must be far away from high noise areas, such as roads, railways, industrial and mining enterprises, etc., to avoid the interference of external noise as far as possible; feeding and management operation should be light and stable, and try to keep the rabbit house quiet.

6. Dust: the dust in the air is mainly dry dust blown by the wind and a large amount of dust produced in feeding and management, such as cleaning the ground, turning over the mat grass, distributing hay and feed, etc. Dust has a direct effect on the health of rabbits. When dust falls on the body surface of rabbits, it can be mixed with sebaceous gland secretions, rabbit hair and dandruff and hinder the normal metabolism of the skin; dust can also cause respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and bronchitis; dust can also absorb water vapor, toxic gases and harmful microorganisms in the air, produce a variety of allergic reactions, and even infect a variety of infectious diseases. In order to reduce the dust content in the air of the rabbit house, we should pay attention to the operation procedure of feeding and management, and it is best to change the powder into pellet feed to ensure the good ventilation performance of the rabbit house.

Construction requirements of hare farm

1. Warm in winter and cool in summer, good ventilation: air windows should be installed on the roof. Doors and windows are closed in winter, and harmful gases are discharged by air windows. Windows should be opened in summer and room temperature should be reduced as much as possible. The suitable temperature of adult hare is 15: 25 ℃, and that of young hare is 20: 25 ℃. The optimum temperature of newborn hare is 3035 ℃.

2. Sturdy and durable: the hare has the habit of gnawing, and it is easy to damage the cage and material trough equipment. When choosing building materials, we should not only use local materials, but also consider firmness and durability.

3. Sufficient light: the daylighting area of the hare house window should account for 15% of the ground, and the incident angle should not be less than 25 ~ 30 degrees. The edge of the window should be close to the roof ceiling to make full use of natural light.

4. Good drainage: the rabbit house should be equipped with drainage ditch, drainage pipe and fecal pool, etc. The foundation of the meat rabbit playground should be 30 cm high. The dung and urine tank should be located 5 meters away from the house, and the entrance of the pool should be 10 cm higher than the ground to prevent Rain Water from inflowing. The wall of the pool should be strictly covered with cement, and the pool mouth should be covered.

5. The environment is quiet: the hare likes to be quiet, rest during the day and go out for activities at night.

6. Ground and wall: cement floor is the most in production, and the ground is required to be 20cm higher than the outer plane. The wall should be strong, waterproof, fireproof, frost-resistant, corrosion-resistant, simple in structure, easy to disinfect, and have good thermal insulation and thermal insulation performance at the same time.

7. Height, span and length: 2.5 meters in cold areas and 0.5 meters in hot areas. The span is generally controlled within 10 meters. The length can be determined according to the site conditions, rabbit farm layout and production direction, and is generally controlled within 50 meters.