Culture techniques of Penaeus Monodon

Penaeus Monodon is commonly known as ghost shrimp, grass shrimp, flower shrimp, bamboo shrimp, spot shrimp, cow-shaped shrimp, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is commonly known as tiger shrimp. Penaeus Monodon has a wide range of salinity, can withstand high temperature and hypoxia, and has weak adaptability to low temperature. The ability of disease resistance is strong. The individual is large, the shell is thick, the edible proportion is lower than that of Penaeus chinensis, and the meat is delicious and nutritious. The body is solid and can withstand being caught by hand. Dry exposure to the air after leaving the water has a strong endurance and can sell live shrimp.

Shrimp farm conditions

The main results are as follows: 1. The shrimp culture site should be selected when the tide is smooth, there is no industrial sewage pollution, the salinity is 8 ‰-30 ‰, PH7.8-8.7, dissolved oxygen is more than 5ml / L, hydrogen sulfide can not be measured, the concentration of harmful substances such as copper, mercury and zinc meets the national fishery standards, the bait biological resources are abundant, the transportation is convenient, the power supply is normal, the terrain is flat, the sediment is sediment, the construction is convenient, and the supply of sea and fresh water is abundant. A place where floodwater is discharged smoothly.

2. In the construction of shrimp ponds, shrimp ponds should be rectangular, with a ratio of length to width of 5:1-8:1, and the area of each mouth of tidal range intensive soil ponds should be 2-15 mu. Each shrimp pond shall be equipped with a drainage and irrigation sluice, the gate width is 1.0-1.5 meters, each gate wall is equipped with three sluices, the middle trough is installed with a gate plate, and the inner and outer trough are installed with a gate net, and the bottom of the gate is lower than the deepest part of the pond, so as to drain the pond water, which is conducive to clearing the pond and collecting shrimp. The depth of the pond should be kept at 1.0-1.5m, and ditches with a width of 5m and a depth of 2m can also be dug around and in the middle of the pond, so as to provide shelter for Penaeus Monodon when the water temperature is above 35 ℃ in summer.

Stocking preparation

1. Clear the pond and disinfect

The newly dug shrimp ponds should be soaked in water as early as possible, and then disinfected after the pH value in the ponds is stable, while for the old shrimp ponds, the stagnant water in the ponds should be drained, the gates should be sealed, and the sludge and weeds in the ponds should be removed before disinfection. At present, the main drugs used for disinfection are tea cakes, quicklime and so on.

① tea seed cake: 15 grams per ton of water. When in use, first dry the tea seed cake, mash it into powder, then soak it with fresh water for 1-2 days, sprinkle it evenly in the pond with dregs and water, and kill the fish.

② quicklime: dosage of 0.5-1kg per ton of water, evenly spread into the pond, can kill all living things. Quicklime is used in shrimp ponds with low pH value, which can not only kill pests, but also adjust the pH value of shrimp ponds.

2. Training basis

2-3 days after the bait poison pool, the water can be fertilized and the basic bait can be cultivated. Generally speaking, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer should be put in. The commonly used nitrogen fertilizers are urea and ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, phosphate fertilizer has calcium superphosphate and Thomas phosphate fertilizer, organic fertilizer has chicken manure and cow manure and so on. The ratio of nitrogen to phosphate fertilizer is 3:1 or 3:2, fertilizing 2-3 grams per ton of water. Fertilize once in 3-5 days in the early stage and once in 7-10 days in the later stage. The transparency is 25-30 cm. The water color control of shrimp fry and young shrimp should be based on the principle of stability, and it is best to keep yellow or light brown.

Shrimp fry stocking

1. Stocking time

After the basic bait is propagated, it can be released for breeding. The stocking time should depend on the weather. It is not suitable for stocking when it is muggy and after heavy rain. When the weather is sunny and warm, it is more appropriate to release seedlings at 8-10:00 in the morning or in the evening.

2. Seedling release operation

It is necessary to measure the water temperature and salinity of the culture pond before releasing seedlings to avoid death caused by the difference between the water temperature and salinity of the culture pond and that of the seedling pond. If there is a large difference in water temperature, the bag containing shrimp seedlings can be put directly into the culture pond, and then release the seedlings after the water temperature reaches balance; if there is a large difference in salinity, the culture pond water can be poured into the shrimp seedling bag, poured out after a moment, and repeated several times until the shrimp seedlings can adapt to the salinity of the culture pond. For the sake of safety, a small number of shrimp seedlings can be released to see if they adapt to the water quality of the culture pond. the adapted shrimp seedlings will soon sneak into the bottom of the pond, while the unsuitable ones roam on the surface of the water layer. If it is found that the shrimp seedlings do not adapt, they must be domesticated to adapt before they can be released to avoid loss.

3. Selection and purchase of shrimp fry

Whether shrimp culture is successful or not, the prerequisite is to release healthy and lively shrimp seedlings. Here are several ways to choose and buy shrimp seedlings. ① had better buy the same batch of hatched shrimp fry to avoid uneven; ② chooses shrimp fry with healthy limbs; ③ chooses shrimp fry with clean body and no sundries attached; ④ chooses shrimp fry with close tentacles; ⑤ chooses shrimp fry with longer abdominal limbs; ⑥ chooses shrimp fry with large tail fan; ⑦ chooses shrimp fry with strong vitality.

For the shrimp seedlings sampled and checked above, it is appropriate to take the shrimp seedlings in the aeration hole rather than those around the breeding pond, because healthy shrimp fry usually clings to the edge of the pond, while some weak ones float around the aeration hole. So if you check that the shrimp fry around the aeration hole is robust, then the vitality of the shrimp fry in the pond should be better.

Feed feeding

1. Types of feed

Penaeus Monodon has mixed food and is slightly plant-oriented, so in the early stage, it was allowed to eat natural food diatoms, green algae and various small animals or their carcasses, and fed some supplementary feed such as peanut bran, rice bran, bean cake, etc., and then gradually added some animal feed such as miscellaneous fish, shrimp or shellfish. Peanut bran, bean cake and rice bran can be directly used as feed, and leftovers can also be used as fertilizer for cultivating bottom algae, but appropriate amount is better to prevent the bottom material from getting smelly.

2. Daily feeding quantity

Generally speaking, if you feed mixed fish, small shrimp and other natural feed, the daily feeding amount of shrimp with an average weight of 0.008-0.1 grams is about 80% of the total body weight of young shrimps; 1-10 grams of shrimp, about 50%; 10-30 grams, 20%, 30 grams or more, about 10%. If you put in the artificial formula feed, the young shrimp with an average weight of 0.2-2 grams, with an average weight of more than 30 grams, should be fed with about 10% of the juvenile shrimp and 4% of the body weight with 5% of the body weight. It is best to feed natural feed and formula feed at intervals in order to play the role of nutritional complementarity.

3. Feeding method

The feed was fed four times a day, once before dawn in the morning, once before noon, once at dusk in the afternoon, once at 9-10:00 in the evening, more in the morning and dusk, and less at noon and night.

When the shrimp fry will be fed after stocking mainly depends on the natural feed in the shrimp pond. If the natural feed is abundant, it can not be put into feeding temporarily, and if there are not many feed organisms in the water, it should be fed after stocking, otherwise there will be a lack of feed and prawns will kill each other and cause losses when they are hungry.

Promote the use of artificial formula feed, if you feed miscellaneous fish, shrimp, shellfish, it must be fresh. When feeding peanut bran, cut it into small pieces and put it into the pond, shrimp can gather and feed; when using rice bran as feed, you should first put it into a rice basket or large iron plate, add a little pond water to wet before feeding, in case of floating on the surface or being blown away by the wind; mixed fish cut into pieces or sliced into pieces for feeding; shrimp can be fed directly; small shellfish such as thinner shells and larger shrimp can be directly put into the pond for shrimp feeding.

Water quality management

Water quality is the key to the success or failure of shrimp culture, so we should always pay attention to the changes of water quality in the process of shrimp culture. Transparency can be used as a standard for observing water quality. The transparency should be controlled at 25-35 cm in the young shrimp stage and 35-45 cm after the young shrimp. If the shrimp body reaches 8-10 cm, the transparency is less than 30 cm, black Gill disease may occur within a week.

1. Change water frequently: the amount and time of changing water should be determined according to the change of water color, transparency, cleanliness of shrimp shell and Gill and pollution degree of sediment.

2. Adjust the salinity: in order to make the shrimp grow quickly and comfortably in the place where the fresh water is sufficient, the salinity should be adjusted according to the different growth stages of the shrimp.

3. Improve water quality: conditional shrimp farms can also use water quality improvers such as calcium superphosphate, microbial preparations and photosynthetic bacteria to improve water quality in order to absorb or decompose organic matter at the bottom of the pond and reduce the harm of toxic gases such as ammonia.