Culture technology of sea shrimp

Sea shrimp is also known as red shrimp, big red shrimp. It is the general name of the meat or whole of aquatic products or marine shrimp. Sea shrimp culture is a form of aquaculture, mainly stocking shrimp with economic value. Commercial sea shrimp farms began in the 1970s, raising sea shrimp for human consumption.

Pond disinfection

1. Silt removal: silt removal is to remove 15m / 20cm silt from the surface of the pool bottom. Desilting time should be arranged every year after the shrimp harvest in winter, after the dry pond, especially pay attention to the four pond corners, conditional ploughing pond bottom is the best, which is particularly important for shrimp ponds with particularly thick mud.

2. Sun pond: sun pond can kill all kinds of pathogens and other enemy organisms and improve the sediment environment. The sun pond is generally carried out in the rain-free weather after the shrimp is harvested in winter, and it is better to be cracked and white at the bottom of the pond.

3. Poison pond: the purpose of poison pond is to kill all kinds of enemy creatures. The poison pond should be carried out 20ml and 30 days before seedling release. Poison pond method: generally muddy ponds put 300 jin of lime per mu. For some uses, the pond should be scattered evenly just after the pond has been drained and when the bottom of the pond is still wet. If wet, pour about 10 centimeters of water into the pond, dissolve the lime on the boat and splash the whole pond. After throwing lime, 60ppm tea bran and 2ppm trichlorfon can be mixed and dissolved in proportion and sprinkled in the whole pool. Trichlorfon should be mashed and dissolved in water. The main function of tea bran is to kill all kinds of fish, and trichlorfon is mainly used to kill all kinds of crustaceans. Before the poison pond, be sure to install 60 mesh screen at the gate.

Water quality improvement

1. Water intake: check the filter before entering the sterilized shrimp pond to prevent copepods and small crustaceans with bacteria and viruses from entering the shrimp pond and increase the chance of shrimp being infected with the virus. The flow rate of the inlet water should be controlled well, and the gate should not be out of control or break through the filter because of the excessive water pressure.

2. Fertilizer and water: fertilizer and water is to cultivate basic food organisms, and this measure is one of the most important links in healthy breeding. Fertilizer and water have the following effects:

① saves feed: fertilizer and water will cultivate a large number of unicellular algae to provide sufficient bait for zooplankton, zooplankton reproduce in large numbers, and finally cultivate a large number of biological bait suitable for shrimp seedlings, saving feed. Practice has proved that fertilizer and water work can be done well, and feed can not be put in within 30 days after seedling.

② increases dissolved oxygen: because fertilizer and water produce a large number of phytoplankton, phytoplankton produce a large amount of oxygen through photosynthesis and supply aquaculture organisms. High dissolved oxygen can remove or reduce ammonia nitrogen and other harmful substances in the pond and maintain a good ecological environment in the shrimp pond.

③ shielding the bottom of the pond: after fertile water, phytoplankton multiply in large numbers, and sunlight can not be directed to the bottom of the pond, making shrimp live in a stable ecological environment.

④ judges whether bait organisms are rich, one is to look at water color, and the other is to look at transparency. After fertile water, the water color is usually brown or green, brown is dominated by diatoms and green is dominated by green algae. Transparency is best maintained at about 40 cm, with a minimum of no less than 20 cm and a maximum of 100 cm.

⑤ fertilizer and water method: urea and calcium superphosphate mixed use, urea dosage of 5ml 15g per cubic body of water, calcium superphosphate per cubic body of water 1.5g-4g.

3, do not enter, do not discharge, do not add: this breeding model is closed, from seedling release to harvest in the whole process, there is no water, no drainage, no water. Control the flow of exogenous water into shrimp ponds as much as possible, thus cutting off the virus that may be brought in. This is the key to fully enclosed farming.

4. Disinfection of water body: in order to prevent the occurrence of disease, the shrimp pond with chlorine dioxide was disinfected with chlorine dioxide 10-15 days before stocking. The concentration was 0. 05-0.08ppm.

5. Set up aerator: aerator is the main equipment for intensive culture of prawns, which can save fish and shrimp, remove waste gas, save feed, increase yield, prevent diseases and so on. Dissolved oxygen is an essential substance to maintain the activity of prawns. Insufficient dissolved oxygen affects metabolism and reduces disease resistance of shrimp. Sufficient dissolved oxygen can oxidize ammonia nitrogen in water and promote the growth of prawns.

Put into the shrimp fry

1. Quality identification of shrimp seedlings: the quality of shrimp seedlings is the key to determine the success or failure of shrimp culture. The simplest and most direct way to judge whether shrimp fry is healthy is to take shrimp fry from different water layers and watch them to see if there are malformed, dead or inactive individuals. If this phenomenon occurs, it indicates that the shrimp seedlings in the pond are sick or sick, if you buy this kind of shrimp seedlings, it may lead to a complete failure of culture, and the survival rate will be greatly affected.

2. Selection and purchase of shrimp seedlings

① desalination: the salinity of sea water in nursery farm is about 28 ‰, while the salinity of shrimp pond in breeding farm is often lower than that in nursery farm, so shrimp seedlings must be desalinated. The salinity of culture pond should not be lower than 5 ‰ of nursery pond. In the process of desalination, it should be carried out gradually, and the salinity should not be reduced by more than 1 ‰ per day.

② count: in order to ensure the number of shrimp seedlings, the purchase of shrimp seedlings should not be estimated, should be counted tail by tail, counting, can take a certain proportion of the count. For example, by estimating the number of shrimp seedlings, seedling buyers often suffer great losses.

③ transportation: when purchasing seedlings, buy them as close as possible, and buy them from reputable units or individuals as much as possible. Because it is purchased nearby, it provides convenience for transportation and greatly reduces the risk brought by transportation.

④ seedling density: different culture objects, different seedling density. Taking the culture of Penaeus Monodon as an example, it is appropriate to release 800-10000 seedlings per mu at a water depth of 1 meter with an aerator.

⑤ seedling release time: different culture varieties, seedling release time is also different. Taking Penaeus Monodon as an example, the water temperature should be kept above 24 ℃.

⑥ seedling release method: when releasing seedlings, it should be on the leeward side, that is, the wind blows from the back to prevent the shrimp seedlings from being blown to the shore by the wind. After the shrimp fry are transported to the shrimp pond, the packing bag should be soaked in water for 30 minutes to make the water temperature in the bag close to that of the pond. When releasing the seedlings, you should let the water slowly flow into the bag, and then slowly lift the bottom of the bag to let the shrimp seedlings swim out slowly.