Feed configuration of Penaeus vannamei

Feed is the basis of energy metabolism and the material basis for survival and growth of shrimp. To understand and master the needs of eating habits and nutrition of shrimp, to develop scientific and nutritious comprehensive feed and to feed scientifically is the key to the success or failure of shrimp culture.

Penaeus vannamei has the advantages of fast growth and short culture cycle, so what is its nutritional requirement for feed? The results of culture practice show that the most important component in feed is protein. Protein is the main nutrient needed for structural growth and a variety of physiological activities of Penaeus vannamei. It is also the most important factor affecting feed cost, because fish meal, soybean meal, peanut meal and other feed materials with high protein content account for the largest proportion of feed and the highest price.

The protein consists of 20 amino acids, 10 of which cannot be synthesized by themselves and must be obtained from the diet, which are called essential amino acids-arginine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan and valine. Only when the contents of these 10 amino acids are sufficient, the shrimp can convert the feed protein into its own protein. If the proportion of all kinds of essential amino acids is not balanced, the utilization rate of bait by shrimp will be greatly reduced. Therefore, in the preparation of the feed of Penaeus vannamei, the first thing to consider is to use suitable protein raw materials to meet the protein needs of shrimp.

Protein demand of prawns

When Penaeus vannamei was introduced into China in the 1990s, it was introduced that the protein requirement was 28-32%, which is the requirement of coarse culture mode. Prawns can eat a variety of nutritious natural baits from natural seawater. At present, most of them use semi-intensive culture or semi-closed and closed culture, high-level pond culture, which mainly rely on artificial feeding, and Penaeus vannamei grows fast and has a high meat yield, so it can not meet the needs of its rapid growth without enough protein. It has also been verified from the experiments and production practices of various scientific research institutions that the protein content should be about 40%, not 28-32%.

Feed Nutrition, Environment and Diseases in Shrimp Culture

In the whole process of shrimp culture, shrimp pond structure, pond cleaning, disinfection, water intake, fertilizer and water cultivation of biological bait, water environment control, seedling selection, selection of high quality and efficient formula feed and scientific feeding, daily production management, disease prevention and control have formed a systematic project.

For the excellent species of Penaeus vannamei, a healthy culture model must be established. On the basis of stable seedlings and water quality, it is critical to choose high-quality feed, because Penaeus vannamei grows fast and must have high-quality and efficient feed as the material basis. The selection standard of good feed: nutrition is comprehensive and balanced (we should not only pay attention to feed price, nor should we only look at the level of protein content, but should pay attention to the balance of various amino acids, fatty acids, egg energy and various vitamins and trace elements). It is highly seductive. The growth is fast and the feed coefficient is low. The soaking time is suitable and the pollution is less. It has the functions of immunity and disease resistance. Feed is the material basis of shrimp growth and an important link affecting shrimp culture. feeding high-quality feed can shorten the culture cycle of shrimp, eliminate the harm of shrimp disease or reduce the harm of shrimp disease, and obtain good economic benefits. As the saying goes, "goods for every penny" and "cheap goods without good goods". Some unscrupulous manufacturers use some low-quality, cheap and indigestible raw materials (such as feather powder) to process some cheaper fodder. Due to insufficient nutritional demand or lack of some ingredients after shrimp intake, shrimp grows slowly and has poor disease resistance. The bait coefficient is high, the pollution pond is serious, and the loss outweighs the gain.

Therefore, the culture of Penaeus vannamei must choose high-efficiency and high-quality compound feed in order to ensure the success of culture.

The role of Feed quality in Culture

The quality of feed directly affects the effect of culture. Feed is the main nutrition source of shrimp. Whether the feed can meet the nutritional requirements of shrimp directly affects the physiological state and immunity of shrimp. Although eating high-quality feed does not guarantee that prawns will not get sick, the use of low-quality feed will certainly not be healthy, creating conditions for the epidemic of shrimp disease. In the culture of Penaeus vannamei, it is necessary to choose high-quality high-protein feed from shrimp seedlings into the pond, so as to promote the fast growth, strong vitality and high survival rate of Penaeus vannamei. In the middle stage, although the protein demand of shrimp is lower than that of young shrimp, the protein content in feed should not be less than 40%. With enough protein and nutrition to improve the disease resistance of prawns, shrimp will not get sick. In addition, some people hope to improve the protein of shrimp, but they do not realize that there is a certain limit to the ability of shrimp to use protein. When the protein content in the feed exceeds its digestion, absorption and utilization capacity, shrimp will consume more energy to break down these excess proteins. And there are more nitrogen in excreta, which will aggravate the water pollution of shrimp ponds.