Efficient Culture Technology of Black Dolphin

The black dolphin, formerly known as the dolphin, is a highly fecund grain-saving herbivore. Black dolphin meat is fresh and delicious, crisp and delicious, no fishy flavor, is a low-fat cholesterol meat, with strong game characteristics. Dolphin meat is rich in 17 kinds of amino acids and trace elements such as iron, calcium and phosphorus, as well as the anticancer element selenium. Its fur is also a good raw material for processing fur clothing and craft accessories, and dolphin testicles, bile and blood are raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry. The black dolphin has a black body and high melanin content, which has the effect of both medicine and food. It can eliminate free radicals in the human body, reduce blood lipids, help yang, alleviate stomach problems, and has obvious dietotherapy effects on hypertension and coronary heart disease.

Black dolphins are easy to raise, low in cost and fast in reproduction, so they are very suitable for farmers. The prospect of the black dolphin breeding market is very good. At present, the commercial meat dolphin inland is 20-24 per kilogram, and the coastal cities are 30-50 yuan per kilogram. The products are in short supply. One person can support 200,300 pairs, with an annual net income of 20,000 to 30,000 yuan, and input-output Prida above 1:5.

Life habits

Black dolphin, native to the mountain area of Yunnan, China, belongs to mammalian rodents. It has moderate body shape (0.75-1.25 kg), short limbs, blunt round head, large snout, short eyes and ears, long claws, and is characterized by black hair, black eyes, black ears, black feet, no tail, poor jumping, and generally does not bite or scratch people. The black dolphin is gentle, gregarious, sharp in hearing, timid and afraid of interference. Black dolphins make different sounds under different conditions. For example, when female dolphins are in estrus, male dolphins send out "Gollum, Gollum" love songs, and when they are hungry, they will scream when they hear footsteps.

Feeding method

1. Feeding equipment: black dolphins are raised in a variety of ways, taking measures according to local conditions, and the commonly adopted methods are cage breeding, flat pool captive breeding and three-dimensional factory breeding.

① captive. Where a small amount of feeding can be used in this way. The utility model has the advantages of being able to control reproduction, feeding, and keeping clean and hygienic. The cage can be made of wood strips, bamboo chips or iron wire with a specification of 60 cm × 50 cm × 40 cm.

② flat pool captivity. It is suitable to be used in the case of bungalow and width. The room is divided into a pool of 0.5-1 square meters with bricks and boards, with a height of 0.35 meters. It is best to pad some sawdust or hay in the pool, which is conducive to keeping warm and absorbing moisture. At present, most of them are raised in this method.

③ three-dimensional factory feeding. Its scale is large, relatively centralized, easy to manage and operate, and a large number of animals are raised. Use brick or wood, iron bar to make 3-5 layers, the bottom is slightly inclined, so that feces flow out, easy to manage. There are small doors in the pool and cage. All kinds of feeding methods generally have a small density of 8-10 per square meter and a large density of 10-20.

2. Feed supply: the feeding habits of black dolphins are very miscellaneous, and adequate nutrition is needed for normal growth, development and reproduction. As the black dolphin is a herbivore, the digestibility of crude fiber is high, such as long-term supply of green material or hay and other plants, the peeling phenomenon will occur, so the feed supply should be based on green feed, green feed and concentrate should be matched properly. Green materials with fresh and tender weeds, forages, corn leaves, sugarcane leaves, green vegetables, pericarp, carrots, sweet potatoes and so on. The concentrate is mainly corn meal, wheat bran, rice bran, etc., and the commonly used feed formula is 40% corn meal, 10% rice meal, 29% wheat husk, 15% peanut shell meal, 2% fish meal, 2% bone meal, 1% salt and 1% auxin. You can also feed piglets.

Feeding and management

Although the black dolphin is a herbivore, the key to raising the black dolphin is to pay attention to the proportion of concentrate and coarse feed, supplemented with a small amount of cereal, wheat, corn and other concentrate. At ordinary times, feeding and management focus on preventing feed from mildew and deterioration. It is best to feed with formula feed. When pellet feed is fed directly, it should be clean for drinking, or mixed with feed, eat less and eat more. Each adult dolphin is fed with concentrate of about 40 grams per day and fed twice. Green feed had better be cut and fed on the same day, the daily feeding amount of each adult dolphin is about 250 grams, to prevent feeding by pesticides and other contaminated green materials. The feeding room should be kept quiet, the feces should be cleaned every day, and the utensils should be scrubbed clean frequently. It is best to keep the room temperature at 18-25 ℃ and the relative humidity 45% 55%. Do a good job of keeping warm in winter. Prevent rodents and snakes from entering the breeding room to create a comfortable living environment for black dolphins. Breeders should pay attention to observation and deal with problems in a timely manner.

Artificial propagation

The black dolphin matures early. Generally, female dolphins are 35-45 days old, male dolphins have sexual characteristics at 70 days old, but female dolphins had better rebreed after 70 days old. Breeding dolphins with plump body, strong bones, bright eyes, bright coat color, soft and elastic skin and normal sexual organs should be selected for mating. The sexual cycle of female dolphins is 16 days, and the duration of estrus is 1-18 hours, with an average of 9 hours. After mating, the female dolphin has colloid embolism and secreted mixture at the vaginal orifice. Whether the black dolphin is successful or not can be judged according to the presence of emboli. In general, the original seed is propagated by one male and one female mating method. When raising in large groups, 2-3 female dolphins and 1 male dolphin were used for mating, and the original breeding method of one male and one female was used. However, we must be careful not to put more than 2 male dolphins at the same time, otherwise it will cause struggle and affect mating. There are two ways to breed female dolphins:

Mating within half a day after giving birth to female ① dolphins can increase the reproduction rate.

Mating immediately after weaning in ② can improve the success rate of mating.

The gestation period of female dolphins is 56-68 days, the number of offspring per birth is 3-5, and as many as 6-9. It can produce 5-6 babies a year, and a female dolphin can reproduce 40-60 babies a year. A small amount of introduction can be self-propagating and self-feeding. During pregnancy, in addition to improving the quantity and quality of feed, the site should be kept quiet and clean, and idle personnel should not go in and out at will. To keep the diet fresh, feed less and eat more. In the third trimester, hay should be placed in the cage so that the mother dolphin nests ready to give birth. The piglets are breast-fed after birth and begin to feed 3-5 days. The lactation period is 15 days in summer and 20 days in winter. After weaning, they should be raised separately. At the same time, attention should be paid to the nursing care of the offspring after giving birth. The feed nutrition of female dolphins should be increased during lactation. The black dolphin has a high reproduction rate and strong immunity, and the breeding dolphin has a utilization life of 3 years. There is no need for immunization and drug control is rarely used in the process of breeding.

Disease prevention and treatment

If captive black dolphins can master breeding methods and strict management, there are few diseases, even if they die from disease. If the feed goes bad, the feed is sometimes absent, the green material is not clean, the nutrition is not complete, and the management is extensive, it can lead to disease. Here are two common diseases.

1. Swelling disease

[cause of the disease] most of them eat moldy and deteriorated feed or drinking sewage, eat green vegetables that are not dry in dew and vegetables with too much water content, resulting in indigestion, most of which are abdominal swelling, lethargy, reduction or cessation of feeding, pale lips, sparse or watery feces, turquoise and fishy smell.

[prevention and control methods] it is found that sick dolphins should be isolated immediately and fed with drugs such as chloramphenicol or oxytetracycline, or boiled water with herbal andrographis paniculata, 1-2 times a day for 2-3 days, and raw and dried Lei Gonggen.

2. Dry and thin disease

[cause] due to long-term single diet, malnutrition or dry feeding of concentrate, lack of drinking water, digestion is blocked and stop eating, or dolphin stomach disease can not be found and treated in time, and lose weight day by day.

[prevention and treatment] it can be fed with cod liver oil or egg yolk mixed with cooked soybeans, and then resume the daily feed after 10 days. At the same time, add a variety of vitamins for poultry. If your body temperature rises, you can use 20-30,000 units of penicillin intramuscularly, twice a day for 3-5 days.