Culture techniques of Chinese black dolphin

The Chinese black dolphin is a kind of black guinea pig-a precious herbivore with game, fur, ornamental and nourishment. Guinea pigs belong to mammals, rodents and guinea pigs. Black ears, black eyes, black toes, glossy black fur, so it is called black dolphin. The guinea pig has a large head, short neck, round ears, no tail, short limbs, four toes in the forelimb and three toes in the hindlimb. The claws on the toes are short and sharp, not scratching, not good at climbing and jumping, docile, timid and sometimes squeaky screams. It has the characteristics of fast growth (can be sold after 2 months), high reproduction rate (can be mated after half a month), strong disease resistance, high survival rate, strong adaptability and so on.

Overview of black dolphin culture

The Chinese black dolphin is a kind of precious herbivore which integrates game, nourishment, medicine, fur and ornament. its successful breeding has added a brilliant page to the development of black food in our country and even in the world.

1. Game and nourishment: through the introduction of wild dolphins and continuous optimization, the Chinese black dolphin has white and delicate meat (very fine muscle fibers) and tastes better than chickens, ducks and fish; the dolphin skin is rich in gum and tastes fat and waxy, which is better than the soft-shelled turtle skirt. Modern scientific research has proved that black food is not only rich in nutrition, but also has the special functions of eliminating free radicals, anti-oxidation, reducing blood lipids, anti-tumor, helping yang and anti-aging. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that black tonifying the kidney and kidney is the congenital foundation, and the source of life is fixed in the kidney, pointing out that black can strengthen the body, moisturize the skin and beauty, strengthen the body and prolong life. Black dolphin is a high-protein, low-fat, low-cholesterol food, containing melanin can eliminate human free radicals to prevent lipid excess, thus playing a role in delaying aging; the iron content is three times that of soft-shelled turtle.

2, medicinal: black dolphin meat taste sweet, flat, beneficial qi and blood, detoxification effect, used to treat weakness, old kidney deficiency, postpartum anemia and other diseases. The meat of black dolphin can be used as a drug for the treatment of epilepsy, and serotonin can be extracted from dolphin blood. Patients with stomach and cardiovascular diseases eat 3-4 black dolphins in a short time (about 10 days), which can stabilize and alleviate the condition, alleviate symptoms, and maintain for a long time.

3. Fur: black dolphin is also a precious fur animal. Its hair is black and shiny, its brightness is comparable to that of minks, and its hair is 2 cm-3 cm long, shorter than fox fur, in line with the modern clothing disinfection trend, the skin plate is thin and soft, and is rich in colloid. the fur of the black dolphin can be used to produce high-grade fur coats and craft accessories, which has high economic value and utilization value.

4. Watch: the black dolphin is gentle, easy to raise and manage, lively and lovely, and is loved by people, especially children, and can be raised as pets.

Black dolphin culture technology

Black dolphin is a herbivore, a variety of weeds, vegetables, leaves, melon peel, plant stems and leaves, straw and other straw are its good feed. Feed once a day in the morning and evening, the daily food intake is about 150 grams per animal, supplemented with a small amount of grain, wheat, corn and other concentrate, is a typical grain-saving small livestock. There are many grassy mountains and slopes in the vast rural areas, and the feed resources are very rich. Black dolphins can make effective use of local grass feed, which enables each farmer to obtain huge economic benefits and high-grade game natural black nutritional supplements in a very short time.

1, the preparation of the breeding site: first of all, there are a variety of ways of raising black dolphins in the breeding facilities, which are generally adopted in accordance with local conditions: cage breeding, flat pond type captive breeding, three-dimensional scale factory breeding.

① cage: where a small amount of breeding can be used in this way. The utility model has the advantages of being able to control reproduction, feeding, and keeping clean and hygienic. The cage can be made of wood strips, bamboo slices and iron wire, and the specification is 60 cm × 50 cm × 40 cm.

② flat pond type captive breeding: suitable for bungalows and wide houses. The room is divided into a 0.5-1 square meter pool with bricks and planks, and it is best to pad some sawdust or dry strokes in the pool, which is conducive to keeping warm and absorbing moisture. At present, most of them are raised in this method.

③ three-dimensional factory feeding: it is large in scale, relatively centralized, easy to manage and operate, and has a large number of breeding. Use brick or wood, iron bar to make 3-5 layers, the bottom is slightly inclined, so that feces flow out, easy to manage. There are small doors in the pool and cage. Generally, the stocking quantity is determined according to the size of the cage, with a density of 8-10 and 10-20 per square meter. Generally speaking, the length and width of 100 cm × 50 cm can be put 1 male and 4 female, those of 80 cm × 50 cm can be put 1 male and 3 female, those of 60 cm × 50 cm can be put 1 male and 2 female, and those of 45 cm × 35 cm can be put 1 male and 1 female. And pond culture, box culture should be appropriate sparse. Before releasing the black dolphin, spray and disinfect the house with a concentration of 0.02% potassium permanganate solution.

2. Feeding: the Chinese black dolphin has a wide range of feeding habits, and it is a herbivore that mainly eats green feed. Weeds, leaves, straw and vegetables are all its food sources. It is usually fed once every morning and evening, each with about 150 grams per meal. In order to promote the growth of black dolphins, it is also necessary to feed some full-price mixed feed, whose composition is similar to that of rabbit feed. Such as self-made mixed feed (concentrate), the proportion of raw materials is: corn meal 40%, grain flour 10%, drum skin 30%, peanut shell meal 15%, fish meal 2%, bone meal 2%, salt 1%. Feed is made into pellets or mixed with water to make wet material for feeding. The eating habits of black dolphins are very miscellaneous, and adequate nutrition is needed for normal growth, development and reproduction. Because the black dolphin is a herbivore and has a high digestibility of crude fiber, peeling will occur if plants such as green material or hay are not supplied for a long time, so the feed supply should be matched with fine and green materials. Green material: fresh tender grass, such as oak grass, corn leaves, sugarcane leaves, leaves, green vegetables, peels, carrots, sweet potatoes and so on.

3. Sanitary management: black dolphins love to be clean, whether in captivity or in captivity, the environmental hygiene of the breeding room should be done well, and the food trough should be cleaned regularly to prevent food mildew and ensure the freshness of feed and drinking water. Put an end to wild rats, cockroaches and other pollution of feed and drinking water.

4. Reproduction: the black dolphin matures early. Generally, female dolphins are 35-45 days old, and male dolphins have sexual characteristics at 70 days old. But the female dolphin had better breed after 70 days of age.

① gender identification: a simple method is to press the perineum with your hand; to see if there is a penis and the shape of the vulva, you can confirm the male and female. During capture and inspection, hold the black dolphin's back with your right hand, hold its left shoulder with your thumb, hold your right shoulder and chest with the other four fingers, gently pick it up, and then hold its body with your left hand. The sexual cycle of female dolphins is 16 days, and the duration of estrus is 18 hours, with an average of 9 hours. The gestation period of female dolphins is 56 Murray 68 days, and the number of pregnant offspring is 3 Murray 5, as many as 6 Murray 9.

② selection: breeding dolphins should choose plump body, stout bones, limb shape, bright eyes, good nutritional status, bright coat color, soft and elastic skin, symmetrical testes of male dolphins, and normal vulva development of female dolphins.

③ mating: the estrus duration of the black dolphin is 1-18 hours, with an average of 9 hours. Most of the estrus time is between 5pm and 5am. After the female dolphin mating, there is a gelatin-like mixture at the vaginal mouth. According to the presence or absence of this embolus, we can judge whether the black dolphin is mating successfully. Under normal circumstances, black dolphins reserved for original breeding are carried out by mating method of one male and one female, that is, only one pair of breeding dolphins are placed in each culture pond, and the female dolphins should be allowed to live together and breed after weaning; the male dolphins can be put into blood mating within half a day after the female dolphins give birth, and the breeding rate and reproduction rate are high. When raising in large groups, 3 to 4 female dolphins are often put into one male black dolphin for mating. Do not put two male dolphins in order to prevent fighting and affect breeding.

④ birth: the pregnancy period of female dolphins is about 68 days, and the number of pups is generally 3 to 7. The young dolphins are weaned after 15 days and fed separately after weaning. Usually 60-80 days can meet the commercial requirements. During pregnancy, in addition to improving the quantity and quality of feed, the site should be kept quiet and clean, and idle personnel should not go in and out at will. Keep the diet fresh and feed less and eat more. In the third trimester, hay should be placed in the cage so that the mother dolphin nests ready to give birth. The lactation period of young black dolphins is 15 days in summer and 20 days in winter. The feed nutrition of female dolphins should be increased during lactation. The black dolphin has high reproduction rate and strong immunity. The breeding life of the dolphin is 3 years. There is no need for immunization and drug control in the process of breeding.

5. Feeding management: feeding management is the key to black dolphin breeding, with emphasis on preventing feed from mildew and deterioration. It is best to feed with formula feed. When pellet feed is fed directly, it should be fed with clean water or mixed feed, eat less and eat more, at a cost of about 40 grams per diet, twice a day to keep the trough clean and hygienic. After feeding the concentrate, fresh green material is added at the same time. The green material had better be cut and fed on the same day. The amount of green material collected by each adult is about 250 grams per day to prevent feeding the green material contaminated by pesticides. The feeding room should be kept quiet, the feces should be cleaned every day, and the utensils should be scrubbed clean frequently. It is best to keep the room temperature at 18 ℃-25 ℃, and the relative temperature is 45% 55%. Keep warm in winter. Prevent rodents and snakes from entering the breeding room to create a comfortable living environment for black dolphins. Breeders should be conscientious and responsible, pay attention to observation, and deal with problems in time.

① spring management: the spring temperature is suitable, should feed more green feed, pay close attention to reproduction, maintain a certain density and indoor environmental hygiene.

② summer management: the summer temperature is high, so it is necessary to do a good job of heat prevention and cooling, strengthen indoor ventilation, keep the room clean and dry, remove feces in time, reduce density, strictly detoxify, strengthen nutrition, and maintain the physical stability of black dolphins.

③ autumn management: autumn weather is crisp, the temperature is pleasant, keep the indoor floor, cages and utensils clean, draw up a breeding plan, prepare more green feed to prevent feeding spoiled feed.

Management of ④ in winter: the weather is cold in winter. To keep warm and prevent the wind from entering, we can appropriately increase the feeding density of black dolphins. Due to the shortage of green feed in winter, we can appropriately increase the feed concentrate such as cereals and bran. Black dolphins eat grass, gentle temperament, fast reproduction, less diseases, simple feeding methods, less investment, quick results, very suitable for laid-off workers, rural surplus labor force feeding, young and old, so the promotion of black dolphin farming has a good social significance. Good social and economic benefits can be obtained.

Disease prevention and treatment

If captive black dolphins can master breeding methods and strict management, diseases rarely occur, even when they die of illness, and if the feed is bad, the feed is sometimes absent, the green material is not clean, the nutrition is not complete, and the management is extensive, can lead to disease. Here are two common diseases.

1. Swelling disease

[etiology] most of them eat moldy and deteriorated feed or drink contaminated water, eat green vegetables that are not dry in dew and vegetables with too much water content, resulting in indigestion, most of which are abdominal swelling, lethargy, reduction or cessation of feeding, pale lips, too many feces or water samples, green, fishy smell.

[prevention and treatment] when the disease is found, it is immediately isolated and fed with drugs such as chloramphenicol or oxytetracycline, or boiled water with the herbal medicine andrographis paniculata for 2-3 days, once or twice a day. Leigonggen can also be washed and dried.

2. Dry and thin disease

[etiology] due to long-term single diet, malnutrition or dry grain feeding, without drinking water, digestion is blocked and stop eating, or dolphin stomach disease can not be found and treated in time, and lose weight day by day.

[prevention and treatment] can be supplied with cod liver oil or egg yolk, cooked soybeans mixed with feed, after 10 days to restore the daily feed. At the same time, add a variety of vitamins for poultry, such as a rise in body temperature, you can use 20-30,000 units of penicillin intramuscular injection, twice a day for 3-5 days.