Yang Ling has a lot of "farmer scientists".

Original title: "Yang Ling phenomenon" from Farmers to scientists

Notes on the expert Group of Peasant breeding in Yangling demonstration area of Shaanxi Province

Ma Pliocene (Network Picture)

Three rural express comprehensive report: "the country is agriculture-oriented, agriculture is the first." In the process of the development of crop breeding in China, Yangling, Shaanxi, the national agricultural high-tech industry demonstration zone, is of great significance.

In this ancient city carrying Chinese agricultural civilization, it has a long history of crop breeding. As early as 4000 years ago, Houji, the earliest agricultural official in Chinese history, was here to "teach people crops and tree skills."

The heavy cornerstone of agriculture has given birth to batch after batch of well-known crop breeding experts. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, wheat has been renewed six times, four of which are dominated by Yang Ling, and the utilization of rape heterosis has always been in the leading position in the world.

However, these are not enough to represent all the contributions of Yangling seed industry. In this hot land, there is still such a group: they are farmers, but they are committed to breeding all their lives, without professional titles, but they have adhered to and bred good varieties loved by the people, shining with eye-catching light in promoting the development of regional agricultural economy and increasing farmers' income.

Taking responsibility, exploring the way of Farmers' breeding

Ma Pliocene, who has been growing watermelons in Weihe Beach with his father for as long as I can remember, has an inextricable bond with muskmelons. In the early 1990s, Ma Xinshi found that there are very few varieties of watermelons in China, and most of them are from Taiwan and Hong Kong. A small jar of seeds costs more than 100 yuan, which is too expensive for farmers to grow.

Yangling, as a suitable growing area of muskmelon, has always had the tradition of planting muskmelon, but because of yield and quality, it is often difficult for farmers who have worked hard for a year to get better economic benefits. "We must grow our own species on our own land!" Ma Xinshi secretly swore. It is this oath that has kept Ma Pliocene working for 30 years.

No money, no technology, no base. The breeding road of Ma Pliocene is beset with difficulties. In order to fulfill his dream of breeding and lack of funds, Ma Xinshi borrowed all his relatives and friends. Without technology, Ma Xinshi went to Northwestern University of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology one after another, asked experts and professors for advice, and used his own contracted land as an experimental base. Day after day, year after year, after more than 30 years of efforts, Ma Xinshi has cultivated more than 30 new muskmelon varieties of "Shaan Kang" and "Guanqin" series, which have been sold to 23 provinces and cities, creating economic benefits of more than 10 billion yuan.

It is difficult to cultivate new varieties, and it is even more difficult for farmers to really accept their own varieties. "New varieties should be made to show farmers, teach them to work, and help them earn money." Ma Xinshi said that in order to promote a variety, he even assured farmers that if the net income of an mu of land was less than 10,000 yuan, he would make up for a penny less. Ma Xinshi also joked with farmers that he would give himself a share if his income exceeded 10,000 yuan. "as a result, the new varieties planted have enabled farmers to earn more than 20,000 yuan per mu. Of course, sharing is not what they really want." Ma Xinshi said.

Not only engaged in variety breeding, in recent years, Ma Xinshi also turned his attention to the standardized production of muskmelon, and set up Yangling Qianyu muskmelon professional cooperative. Under the leadership of Ma Xinshi, the cooperative already has 150 steel sheds with a land area of more than 200 mu. The cooperative implements standardized management, unified variety, unified fertilization, unified technology and unified sales, so as to maximize the income of farmers.

Stick to it, take root in loess and cast a bumper harvest

Born in 1952, Wang Jianren is an out-and-out farmer and is now the head of Shaanxi Jinpeng seed Industry Co., Ltd., a tomato breeding company. Jinpeng M6, a pink tomato variety independently developed and promoted by Wang Jianren and his team, has also been exported to the United States, the European Union and Israel, and even become the main tomato variety in the Russian far East.

With his dedication to tomato breeding, Wang Jianren has persisted in scientific research and innovation for more than 30 years, and cultivated the best series of pink tomato varieties in China, accounting for 60% of the area of pink tomato in the greenhouse.

The reason why Wang Jianren embarked on the road of tomato breeding began with helping a scientific research unit to produce seeds in the early 1980s. Wang Jianren said, "it was very difficult at home at that time, just in time for many foreign scientific research institutions to produce seeds there. In order to live a good life, they eventually evolved from choosing tomato seed production to breeding."

Since then, only Wang Jianren, who has a junior high school education, has formed an inextricable bond with tomato breeding. Wang Jianren, who knew nothing about tomato seed research and development, went to the library again and again and went to Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry hundreds of times. He also visited Guangdong ten times, and was moved that Wu Jinghua, a professor at South China Agricultural University, personally came to Wang Jianren's field to coach him.

From habits and characteristics to quality and yield, Wang Jianren carefully observed and recorded the performance of each breeding material. After thousands of comparisons and screening, in July 2000, the tomato variety "Jinpeng No.1" cultivated by Wang Jianren finally succeeded! The tomato plants cultivated from his high-quality seeds are large, fruiting, colorful and tasty, and finally became a hit in Shouguang vegetable planting base in Shandong Province.

Since then, a series of Jinpeng varieties with independent intellectual property rights have been bred one after another and entered the market. Over the past 30 years, the Jinpeng seed industry has cultivated more than 10 new tomato varieties with influence in the domestic and international markets, covering an area of more than 5 million mu and increasing farmers' income by 5 billion yuan.

Dedication, the transformation of science and technology into Wanjia

Break the highest onion yield in history, with an annual planting area of more than 300000 mu, leading to an increase in the income of 15000-20,000 farmers, with an annual sales value of more than 100 million yuan.... The person who created this series of figures is Luo Hou, a farmer breeding expert from Yangling, Shaanxi.

A few days ago, after the reporter met Ron, he was in the experimental field with more than 30 students from Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry to explain the field management of onion planting and breeding.

After the production package arrived in the 1980s, Ron, who was forced to make a living, began to grow onions. When he saw that the farmers worked hard all day, but the income was meagre, he came up with the idea of developing new varieties of onions to help farmers increase their income. With the help of the scientific research advantages of Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry, Ron constantly consulted experts and finally bred the onion seeds of "Qin Hongbao".

"I hope that while improving the quality of seeds, we will let the onion industry go out of Yangling and make Chinese onion farmers rich." Ron said later. In recent years, "Qin Hongbao" onion seeds are popular among onion growers in Shaanxi, Gansu, Henan and other provinces. Since the onion seed of "Qin Hongbao" was approved by the crop Variety approval Committee of Shaanxi Province in 2013, the seed has been in short supply because of its good disease resistance, high yield, wide suitable area, complete nutrition and high benefit.

July 15 this year is a memorable day for Queen Ron. Users of "Qin Hongbao" from Henan, with fireworks and brocade flags, traveled thousands of miles to Yangling to thank Yang Ling Qin Hongbao seed Industry for providing excellent varieties of onions to Henan farmers. "I am very satisfied that I can still make some contributions to society in this life." Ron, chairman of Yang Ling Qin Hongbao Onion seed Co., Ltd., said with joy on his face.

At the 19th Agricultural High meeting in 2012, farmers from Henan came across "Qin Hongbao" and immediately brought back a little for experiment. because of their outstanding performance, they gradually expanded their planting, and now it has grown to 3000 mu. They said that the "Qin Hongbao" onion variety is good, with a yield of 12000-15000 jin per mu, with a maximum yield of 21000 jin per mu, an increase of 50% 100% over the general variety.

"the seed issue is not only related to national food security, but also related to the national economy and people's livelihood." Ron not only benefits Yangling, but also actively goes out of Yangling to promote the variety of "Qin Hongbao", so that more people can benefit from improved varieties. At present, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, *, Inner Mongolia and other places planted by Ron carefully selected "Qin Hongbao" onion covers an area of more than 100000 mu, the onion seed has been exported to 80% of the country.

Inheritance, positive energy of Yangling Agricultural Science

"A single flower does not make a spring, but the garden is full of colors." In Yangling, there are many "scientists" of farmers like Ma Xinshi, Wang Jianren and Hou Ron, who continue to breed improved varieties that benefit the development of modern agriculture in different crop fields.

"Yangling carries the beautiful dream of hundreds of millions of farmers in arid areas to be well-off, and advocating innovation is the engine that drives Yangling's modern agriculture forward." Xiao Yongxian, director of the Agricultural Bureau of the Yangling demonstration Zone, said, "what they jointly embody is the spirit of Yangling Agricultural Science and Technology, which is willing to be a first-class stone step, share the fruits of the development of modern agricultural science and technology with the broad masses of the people, and contribute to the realization of a well-off society in an all-round way."

In Yangling demonstration Zone, "Yangling Agricultural Science" has become an incubator to trigger the fission effect of innovation, encouraging Yangling people to serve the development of modern agriculture through science and technology, and giving birth to a group of "peasant inventors" who love innovation.

Relying on the agricultural research platform, Yangling people have accumulated more than 300 new varieties of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry by means of introduction and breeding, cross breeding, distant hybridization and genetic engineering, and the output value of the new varieties bred and promoted by Yangling has increased by more than 1 trillion yuan. it has laid the foundation for building a national modern seed industry demonstration area in an all-round way.

During the 12th five-year Plan period, the annual seed trade in Yangling demonstration Zone in Shaanxi Province totaled about 600 million yuan, accounting for 1% of the province's annual transaction volume. "Policy support plays an important role in the development of Yangling seed industry." Xiao Yongxian said: in recent years, the Yangling demonstration Zone has set aside 10 million yuan a year to set up a special fund for the development of the seed industry to support the development of the seed industry. At present, the region has provided support for 26 projects, such as the construction of the public service system of the seed industry, variety innovation, seed production capacity building, and so on. efforts will be made to make it a "depression" for the scientific and technological achievements of the seed industry at home and abroad, a "highland" for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and a "gathering place" for agricultural scientific and technological personnel.

Looking at the 13th five-year Plan, Yang Ling positioned the modern seed industry as an important realization form of agricultural structure adjustment and transformation, and set the goal of building a "Silicon Valley of seed industry in arid areas and the seed industry capital of the west" with "Yangling Agricultural Science" as the core. At present, it is moving forward rapidly. At present, Yangling has nearly 1000 scientific and educational personnel from nine state-level key disciplines engaged in biological genetics and breeding research. Facing the northwest and national markets, Yangling has established more than 200 demonstration and extension bases for new varieties and technologies in 18 provinces and autonomous regions, covering an area of more than 100 million mu, and has become one of the most important agricultural and animal husbandry seed distribution centers in Northwest China. (our reporter Xiao Liwei and Hu Mingbao)