The efficacy and function of Apocynum venetum

Apocynum venetum, also known as kenaf, tea flowers, red willow, etc., is an erect semi-shrub of the genus Apocynum of the oleander family, which is distributed in the provinces (autonomous regions) north of the Huaihe River, Qinling Mountains and Kunlun Mountains. It has the effects of clearing fire, reducing blood pressure, strengthening heart and diuresis, and has therapeutic effects on heart disease, hypertension, kidney deficiency and so on. Let's take a look at the efficacy and effect of Apocynum venetum.

Medicinal effect of Apocynum venetum

The taste is sweet, bitter, cool and poisonous.

Liver Meridian.

[efficacy] calming the liver, calming the mind, clearing heat and diuresis, for liver-yang vertigo, palpitation and insomnia, edema and oliguria, hypertension, neurasthenia, nephritis edema.

The Medicinal prescription of Apocynum venetum

1. Cure hepatitis and abdominal distension: apocynum venetum two cents, melon stalk one and five cents, Corydalis two, public clove one, wood incense three. At the end of the study, five points at a time, twice a day, boiled water to deliver service.

2. treatment of neurasthenia, vertigo, sequelae of concussion, palpitation, insomnia, hypertension, cirrhotic ascites, edema: Apocynum venetum. Boiled water should be brewed as tea, not decocted.

Pharmacological effects of Apocynum venetum

1. Antihypertensive effect: 2 hours after oral administration of Apocynum venetum leaf decoction to renal hypertensive dogs, the blood pressure decreased from 142 mm Hg to 152 mm Hg, and remained at a low level until 3 days later.

2. Cardiotonic effect: the canadoside contained in Apocynum venetum root can increase the contractile amplitude, slow the heart rate, then the arrhythmia, and finally stop the heart in the systolic period. its action nature and speed are similar to those of venom anthocyanin, and its cardiotonic effect can be weakened by central inhibitors such as pentobarbital sodium. The extract of Apocynum venetum root showed cardiotonic glycoside-like effect on the living cat heart.

3. effect on experimental heart disease: canadoside has a therapeutic effect on experimental cardiovascular insufficiency in dogs, alleviates the symptoms of acute circulatory disturbance of myocarditis in rabbits, and can prevent myocardial and coronary arteriosclerosis. This effect is better than that of trichosanthin. It can restore the electrocardiographic changes of atherosclerotic rabbits to normal and has a particularly significant contractile effect on coronary artery. it also has an effect on atherosclerosis caused by Pituitrin and thrombin in rabbits with coronary circulation deficiency but it is weak. It can increase the re-synthesis of cardiac glycogen. It is suggested that Apocynum venetum leaves can reduce the increase of endogenous blood lipids.

4. Anti-radiation damage: Apocynum venetum leaves extract was given intragastric administration of 2 g / kg and 0.5g / kg intraperitoneal injection for 15 days, which could prolong the survival time of 60Co γ-ray irradiated mice, increase the survival rate and increase the number of white blood cells. Quercetin 30 mg / kg intragastric administration also had the same effect. It is considered that the anti-radiation effect of Apocynum venetum leaves is related to quercetin.

5. Effect on spleen: triacontanol had no significant effect on the growth of normal young mice, but had a weight-increasing effect on the spleen of mice, especially by intramuscular injection of 20 mg / kg, and had an inconsistent effect on the thymus of mice. The thymus of adult mice gained a little weight, while the young mice lost a little weight, which had obvious antagonistic effect on the weight loss of spleen and thymus caused by cyclophosphamide and enhanced the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages in mice.

6. effect on cardiovascular system: Apocynum venetum extract water filtrate (10%) was injected intravenously at a constant rate (2.0 ml / kg, 3.6 ml / min) in anesthetized dogs, and the blood pressure decreased by up to 22.3%. The decrease of blood pressure was accompanied by a decrease of heart rate, which lasted for 30 minutes after self-administration. Blood pressure decreased while cardiac output, cardiac index, heartbeat index and blood flow of left circumflex coronary artery decreased. It had no effect on the anterior and posterior load of heart. Myocardial oxygen consumption decreased within 3 minutes of intravenous injection.

7. Diuretic effect: Apocynum venetum leaf water extract and its burning residue had a diuretic effect. After oral administration of Apocynum venetum leaf water extract, the total urine volume increased by 50.60% and 32.28% respectively. At the same time, urinary sodium and potassium excretion increased accordingly, but there was no significant difference in urinary potassium and sodium concentration between the treatment group and the control group.

8. Hypolipidemic effect: the water extract of Apocynum venetum leaves can significantly reduce the serum total cholesterol and triglyceride of hyperlipidemic rats induced by Triton, but it can not reduce the cholesterol value of hypercholesterolemia caused by high-fat diet in mice.

9. Anti-aging effect: Apocynum venetum leaf extract can delay aging or prolong life on Drosophila, Bombyx mori and mice. Apocynum venetum leaf extract decreased the content of visceral lipofuscin in mice in different degrees, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and heart of mice in different age groups. Apocynum venetum tea can increase the value of SOD and HDL-e in red blood cells, which may be beneficial to prevent arteriosclerosis.

10. Other effects: intraperitoneal injection of Apocynum venetum extract 0.5 g / kg, 30 minutes later, the spontaneous activity of mice was significantly reduced, the effect lasted for more than 5 hours, and had a synergistic effect on the sedative and hypnotic effect of pentobarbital. There is also a certain anticonvulsant effect. The contraction amplitude and frequency of isolated rat uterine smooth muscle were not significantly affected by 1: 1000 concentration of apocynum venetum leaf decoction, but the contraction amplitude and frequency of isolated rabbit intestinal muscle and rat uterus decreased significantly at 1: 2000.