Culture techniques of nutria

Nutria, also known as nutria otter, marsh beaver, etc., its fur is a valuable material for making coats, hats, scarves and so on. Meat is a high-quality, high-protein game product, and internal organs are the main source of biological drugs. breeding nutria has the characteristics of high economic value, rich feed sources, simple enclosure structure, easy feeding, easy management, no plague and so on. Let's take a look at the breeding technology of nutria.

The living habits of nutria

1. Food habits: nutria are plant-eating animals with a wide range of food. Wild plant species include dandelion, hemp, Reed, Phragmites communis, Populus tomentosa, willow, elm, locust twigs and leaves, vegetables have potatoes, radish, cabbage, spinach, crops have Artemisia stalk, autumn leaves, corn, barley, wheat, beans, drum skin, etc., and animal feed has bone powder, eggs, eggshell powder, silkworm pupa. Special subsidized feed includes milk, soybean milk, cod liver oil, etc., and additive feed includes fish meal, bone meal, meat meal, yeast powder, blood meal and various vitamins, growth aids, antibiotics, salt and various trace elements.

2. Reproductive habits: female nutria have estrus many times a year, once every 15-30 days, the duration of estrus is generally 2-3 days, pregnancy is 132 days, and delivery is mostly at night or in the early morning. Newborn nutria can scream 2 minutes after birth, eat colostrum 20 minutes later, and get out of the nest, swim and look for food 4 hours later. The 10-day-old nutria depended on breast milk and began supplementary feeding after 10 days of age, and the lactation period was 1.0-1.5 months. The young nutria grow and develop rapidly, and the average body weight of the baby nutria is about 1.4 kg at 2 months after birth. Young nutria have strong vitality and are not difficult to raise.

The breeding value of nutria

1. Rat meat: nutria meat contains 18 kinds of amino acids and more than 30 kinds of trace elements, especially zinc and calcium are several times higher than general livestock and poultry meat. It is an ideal food for ladies' beauty and children's physical development and intelligence.

2. Fur: nutria fur has thick texture, soft and wear-resistant, gorgeous appearance, tight fluff, good water resistance and good thermal insulation, and the clothes made are of good quality and low price, which are very popular among the working class and some countries in Eastern Europe.

3. Rat oil: with the deep processing of nutria products, some high value-added products have been developed, such as nutria oil can make high-grade cosmetics.

4. Rat blood: nutria blood can extract a health drug for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, and the effect is good.

5. Mouse bones: the medicinal wine made from the bones of nutria has a good effect on rheumatism.

6. Rat tail: the tail of nutria has the remarkable effect of nourishing yin and strengthening yang, which is inferior to that of deer whip. After scientific treatment, the tail tendon is made into absorbable protein suture for suturing the wound without removing stitches.

Breeding methods of nutria

1. Cage culture: cage culture is the best way to cultivate nutria on a large scale, especially for nutria, which should be kept in cage, but the breeding cost is high. Cages for raising nutria should be built in houses or shacks. Generally, double-layer cages are installed on both sides of the house or shed, and a pedestrian passage is set up between the two cages to facilitate feeding, management and transportation of feed. The house is required to be bright, dry and well ventilated.

2. Captivity: the family breeding nutria should be kept in captivity. The size of the enclosure depends on the number of nutria raised. On average, each nutria should cover an area of 1 square meter. The enclosure wall can be built with brick or cement board or barbed wire. To the south of the enclosure, a pool is built, which is 80 cm long, 40 cm wide and 30 cm deep, for nutria swimming and bathing. Between the pool and the nest is a playground for nutria to eat and move.

3. Free-range breeding: nutria free-range breeding is a relatively extensive feeding method, which has the advantage of making full use of natural water resources, reducing capital construction costs, and reducing production costs by 50% to 60%. However, whether the site selection of nutria is appropriate or not has a lot to do with the success of free-range breeding.

4. Semi-free breeding: semi-free culture of nutria is a combination of free-range culture and captive culture. Free-range culture is carried out in spring, summer and autumn, and nutria is closed in winter.

The construction of the nutria yard

1. Site selection: higher terrain, dry and easy drainage, leeward and sunny, sandy soil, secluded environment, less interference, less pollution and less disease spread should be selected. It is required that the distance from the main traffic line should be at least 300 meters and the distance from the sidewalk should be more than 100 meters.

2. Feed supply: no matter how large the scale of construction is, feed supply should be guaranteed. When raising on a large scale, due to the large field and a large number of feed, the feed is only purchased from the outside, which does not necessarily meet the feeding requirements, and will often increase the production cost. therefore, the construction of the farm should be considered with a feed base suited to the construction scale.

3. Convenient water source: raising nutria requires a large amount of pollution-free clean water for drinking and bathing, as well as a large amount of water to scour the enclosure. Therefore, large-scale breeding farms should provide their own deep-water wells to ensure water supply. In the use of tap water, consideration should be given to the guarantee of supply and the absence of pollution.