Planting conditions of jackfruit

Pineapple honey, also known as wood pineapple, tree pineapple, big tree pineapple, etc., is a mulberry evergreen tree, native to India and Southeast Asia, and has been introduced into China for nearly a thousand years. The tree is usually 10-20 meters high, the bark is dark brown, the leaf leather is oval, the flowers are monoecious, the fruit is yellowish brown at maturity, and there are nodular convex bodies and coarse hairs on the surface. The cultivation economic value is very high. Next, let's take a look at jackfruit's planting conditions.

Planting conditions of jackfruit

Jackfruit likes the hot and humid lowland environment and the warm and humid tropical climate. It is not resistant to cold, so it is required that the annual average temperature of the planting site is more than 21 ℃, the coldest monthly average temperature is more than 13 ℃, the absolute minimum temperature is more than 0 ℃, and the surface temperature is 0 ℃. Soil requirements are not strict, in the deep soil layer, fertile loose, well-drained acid soil, slightly alkaline clay or sandy loam soil, can grow normally. It is best cultivated in low hills or flat lands below 600 meters above sea level.

The breeding method of jackfruit

1. Seed propagation: in the main ripening stage, jackfruit selects dried wrapped fruits which are fully mature, normal fruit development and free of diseases and insect pests, rinse with clean water, then spread them on the sand bed for sprouting, and cover the sand bed with 1 / 2 cm of fine sand, then cover a layer of rice straw, sprinkle it with water twice a day, sprout and take root one after another after about 1 week, and then transplant in separate beds when the seedlings grow 1 or 2 true leaves.

2. Budding propagation: jackfruit seedlings can be budded when they grow to more than 1 cm, and the patch budding method is used for budding. On the excellent varieties, one-year-old and sunny mature branches are selected as scions, and the scions should be moisturized and stored, preferably with picking and grafting, which can be budded all the year round in Hainan, but the survival rate of bud grafting is higher in the rainy season and tree growing season from April to October. At this time, the rootstock and scion are easy to peel and survive after grafting.

Planting Management of jackfruit

1. Timely planting: jackfruit can be planted all the year round, but spring planting (March-April) and autumn planting (September-November) are the best. When planting, the soil in the planting hole should be fine to straighten out the seedling root system, and then press it into the fine soil layer by layer, and it is appropriate to flatten the ground with the root neck. Immediately after planting, pour enough root water and cover the tree plate with plastic film.

2. Rational fertilization: jackfruit young trees are fertilized for the purpose of promoting branch growth and rapid formation of tree crown. In addition to applying organic fertilizer as basic fertilizer in winter, quick-acting fertilizer is applied to promote shoots and strong shoots every time before drawing new shoots. Results after fruit harvest, the trees were re-applied organic fertilizer combined with a small amount of available fertilizer to restore tree potential, improve leaf function and promote flower bud differentiation. Apply quick-acting fertilizer before sprouting and inflorescence in early spring to promote shoot growth and inflorescence development. When the fruit increases rapidly, strong fruit fertilizer is applied to promote fruit development.

3. Water management: jackfruit requires sufficient water, especially during flowering and fruit development, if the fruit falls off or stagnates for a long time, the fruit is small and deformed, the small meat is thin, and the quality is poor. Therefore, if the flowering and fruiting period is too dry, irrigation should be done. However, it is easy to be waterlogged in the rainy season, so we should do a good job in drainage to prevent stagnant water from rotting roots.

4. Shaping and pruning: the fruiting part of jackfruit is on the trunk, main branch and small trunk branch. When the height of the trunk reaches 1 meter, cut short the trunk, promote branches, cut off the cross branches, dense branches and overlapping branches, generally cultivate 3-4 primary branches and the crown height is 3.5 meters, in order to form a reasonable tree structure. The main method of fruit tree pruning is winter pruning, mainly cutting off withered branches, weak branches, over-dense branches, residual fruit branches and male flower branches.

5. Fruit thinning and fruit protection: jackfruit carries out fruit thinning from March to April every year, and it is appropriate to keep 3 to 5 canopies per square meter, and the distribution is uniform and reasonable. The principle of fruit thinning is to remove the dense fruit and deformed fruit. In the young fruit stage, insecticide + fungicide + foliar fertilizer was sprayed every 15 days, and when the fruit was basically shaped, insecticide + fungicide was sprayed every 30 days to prevent diseases and insect pests and promote fruit expansion.

6. pest control: jackfruit's insect pests are widespread and serious with longicorn beetles and beetles, harming branches, causing gum flow, branch withering, tree weakness, trunk cavities and even decay. It can kill adults, scrape off eggs, or coat tree trunks and needle holes with 600 times the liquid of chlorpyrifos. The main diseases are leaf spot, soot, flower and fruit soft rot, which can be controlled by 1000-fold carbendazim or 1500-fold chlorothalonil.

7. Timely harvest: the ripening period of jackfruit fruit is concentrated from June to August, which is successively due to different regional climate, with high temperature, early flowering and early ripening. The temperature is low, the florescence is late, and the maturity is late. Because the same plant has a long flowering period and matures successively, it should be harvested by stages to ensure quality, increase yield and facilitate the restoration of tree potential. When the pericarp is hexagonal, the shape is plump, the pericarp is slightly soft and can smell the fragrance, it can be harvested and can be eaten 2-3 days after harvest.