Identification and control of Cartland black rot

Cartland is named in honor of the British horticulturist Mr. William Cattleya. Because Cartland is the largest and most severe variety of tropical orchids, it is also known as "king of orchids". But Cartland is also prone to diseases if he does not pay attention to cultivation methods, and black rot is one of the common diseases of Cartland.

Cartland

First, identification: black rot is one of the common diseases in Cartland, which mainly affects the leaves and pseudobulbs of the plant. The pathogen invades through the wound of the leaf or pseudobulb. At the initial stage of the disease, most of the affected parts showed watery spots, and then the spots gradually became black or dark brown, with a fishy smell, and then dried up and fell off the leaves, resulting in the death of the whole plant.

Second, prevention and control methods: in cultivation, to control the air humidity, should not be too high, otherwise, it is very easy to cause black rot. When planting new Cartland seedlings, the cultivation medium should be thoroughly disinfected. For ramet Cartland, the wound should be disinfected every time it is cut, and the blade can be disinfected with alcohol or potassium hydroxide. It can also be prevented by spraying plants with 1000 times the mixture of phosphorous acid and potassium hydroxide (1:1), once a month, 2 times 3 times.

The diseased plants should be cleaned in time. In the initial stage of the disease, 10% Bordeaux solution or 0.2% copper sulfate solution can be sprayed; during the onset period, 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution, or 65% Dysen zinc solution, or 50% chlorothalonil solution plus 0. 2% washing powder is sprayed on the whole plant.

Control of Cartland Black Rot, Botrytis cinerea and anthrax Cartland (Cattleya), also known as Gadrialan and Katrya, is a plant of the genus Cartland of Orchidaceae, named in memory of the British horticulturist Mr. William Cattleya. Cartland is the largest and most gorgeous species of tropical orchids and is known as the "king of orchids" in the world. There are more than 60 native species of this genus, and most of the common varieties are the excellent varieties bred by crossing with other genera, such as Magnolia, Parasorchid, Leymus, Sofia, Rhizoctonia and so on. So far, Cartland has thousands of cultivated varieties through cross breeding by horticulturists. This paper mainly introduces the prevention and control methods of Cartland diseases and insect pests. (1) in terms of disease control, it mainly controls black rot, gray mold, anthrax and bacterial soft rot. 1. Identification and control of black rot: black rot is one of the common diseases in Cartland, which mainly affects the leaves and pseudobulbs of plants. The pathogen invades through the wound of the leaf or pseudobulb. At the initial stage of the disease, most of the affected parts showed watery spots, and then the spots gradually became black or dark brown, with a fishy smell, and then dried up and fell off the leaves, resulting in the death of the whole plant. Prevention and control methods: in cultivation, to control the air humidity, should not be too high, otherwise, it is very easy to cause black rot. When planting new Cartland seedlings, the cultivation medium should be thoroughly disinfected. For ramet Cartland, the wound should be disinfected every time it is cut, and the blade can be disinfected with alcohol or potassium hydroxide. It can also be prevented by spraying plants with 1000 times the mixture of phosphorous acid and potassium hydroxide (1:1), once a month, 2 times 3 times. The diseased plants should be cleaned in time. In the early stage of the disease, 10% Bordeaux solution or 0.2% copper sulfate solution can be sprayed; during the onset period, 50% carbendazim 1000 times, or 65% Dysen zinc 500 times, or 50% chlorothalonil 500 times solution plus 0.2% washing powder can be sprayed on the whole plant. 2. Identification and control of Botrytis cinerea: Botrytis cinerea mainly affects the flowers of Cartland. In the early stage of the disease, water-stained dots will appear on the petals or calyx petals, and the color will gradually become dark brown. The disease spot will not expand in non-high humidity, resulting in the flowers withering ahead of time. Control methods: in cultivation, we should pay attention to ventilation, increase light, and the application of water and fertilizer should not be too much. Once it is found that the flowers are infected with the disease, the infected plants should be cut off, isolated or burned immediately, and other healthy plants should be carried out preventive disinfection. At the time of onset, 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution and 50% Sukeling 1000 times solution can be sprayed and used in rotation every 7 days for about 1 month. It can also be sprayed with 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder 1000 times, or 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 1000 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 800x solution. 3. Identification and control of anthrax: anthrax mainly affects the leaves of Cartland. Invaded by the leaf tip or wound, light-colored sunken spots were produced on the leaves at the initial stage of the disease, and then the spots gradually became round, and the color of the spots gradually deepened until dark brown. Small concentric round particles will be produced at the lesion. In serious cases, it will cause the leaves to dry up and fall off. If the bud is infected, it cannot open; if the flower is infected, it will wither ahead of time. Prevention and control methods: improve the cultivation environment, increase light and ventilation, and reduce air humidity. Proper application of fertilizer with high calcium content can enhance the resistance of the plant. The diseased leaves should be cut off in time and the wound should be smeared with fungicides. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times, or 50% anthrax Fumi wettable powder 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times, or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800 times. 4. Identification and control of bacterial soft rot: it mainly affected the leaves and pseudobulbs of Cartland. After the leaf infection, there are water-like spots, showing a translucent shape, and rapidly expanding, resulting in the decay of the whole leaf, turning dark brown, accompanied by stench. Beware of leaf or pseudobulb infection, the whole plant will rot and die quickly. Prevention and treatment: when planting, the plant should not be placed too close, so as to avoid collision to form a wound. At the same time, it is necessary to increase ventilation, reduce air humidity and reduce stagnant water in leaves. Preventive spraying can be carried out with 1000 times of tetracycline soluble powder, or 1000 times of 75% copper hydroxide wettable powder, or 1000 times of 50% carbendan wettable powder. (2) in terms of pest control, it mainly controls insect pests such as shell insects, thrips, slugs, nematodes, red spiders and whitefly. 1. Control of scale insects: the scale insects are mainly parasitic on Cartland's leaves and pseudobulbs and feed on plant sap, resulting in leaf withering and shedding and death of the whole plant. Once pests occur, clean the leaves and plants in time and scrub them gently with alcohol or vinegar. It can also be treated with 1000 times of 40% omethoate EC, 1000 times of 50% marathon emulsion, or 1000 times of 40% prednisone emulsion. 2. Prevention and control of thrips: thrips are mainly parasitic on the overlapping petals of Cartland, and may also be parasitic on heart leaves, and the damage is the most serious at flowering stage. Flowers may deform and wither ahead of time after being encroached upon. When insect pests occur, 40% omethoate EC 1000 times, or 35% Baike pine wettable powder 1000 times, or 40% prednisone emulsion 1000 times can be used for control. 3. Slugs: slugs are mainly parasitic in the cultivation medium, like dark and humid environment, are most active in the rainy season, and like to eat young tissues and organs of plants, such as young leaves, new buds, buds and so on. In the process of cultivation, weeds should be cleared in time, humidity should be controlled and the incidence of disease should be reduced. 4. Nematode control: nematodes mainly invade from the roots of Cartland, and then invade other parts such as leaves and pseudobulbs. The roots of plants invaded by nematodes are prone to root nodules, root necrosis and stem and leaf atrophy. The prevention and control of nematodes is mainly based on prevention. Before planting, soak the medium with 0.5%-1% potassium permanganate 1000 times solution, wash it with clean water, and then use it after drying. After the occurrence of insect pests, 10% gram linling granules can be used to kill nematodes. 5. Control of red spiders: red spiders are mainly parasitic on the back of leaves and like to eat leaves. When the damage is serious, the leaves can wither and fall off. This pest occurs most seriously when it is hot and humid. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a well-ventilated cultivation environment. After the occurrence of insect pests, it can be sprayed on the back of leaves with 1000 times EC, 1500 times new acaricidal emulsion, or 1000 times omethoate. 6. control of whitefly: the whitefly mainly harms the leaves of the plant, likes to eat the leaves, usually feeds on the back of the leaves, and the injured leaves are grayish white and dry and fall off when they are serious. After the occurrence of insect pests, 40% omethoate EC 1500 times, or 2.5% dimethoate EC 2500 times, or 10% Dolabal suspension 2000 times solution can be used to kill insects. In short, in the process of cultivating Cartland, we should have a comprehensive and detailed understanding and grasp of the cultivation environment, facilities, cultivation media, water and fertilizer management and pest control techniques, so that even if there are any problems in the cultivation process, can deal with freely, so as to cultivate the best orchids. . Control of various diseases in Cartland

Cartland (Cattleya), also known as Gadrialan and Katrya, is a plant of the genus Cartland of Orchidaceae, named in memory of the British horticulturist Mr. William Cattleya. Cartland is the largest and most gorgeous species of tropical orchids and is known as the "king of orchids" in the world. There are more than 60 native species of this genus, and most of the common varieties are the excellent varieties bred by crossing with other genera, such as Magnolia, Parasorchid, Leymus, Sofia, Rhizoctonia and so on. So far, Cartland has thousands of cultivated varieties through cross breeding by horticulturists. This paper mainly introduces the prevention and control methods of Cartland diseases and insect pests.

(1) in terms of disease control, it mainly controls black rot, gray mold, anthrax and bacterial soft rot.

1. Identification and control of black rot.

Identification: black rot is one of the common diseases in Cartland, which mainly affects the leaves and pseudobulbs of the plant. The pathogen invades through the wound of the leaf or pseudobulb. At the beginning of the disease, most of the affected parts showed watery spots, and then the spots gradually became black or dark brown, with a fishy smell, and then dried up and fell off the leaves, which led to the death of the whole plant.

Prevention and control methods: in cultivation, to control the air humidity, should not be too high, otherwise, it is very easy to cause black rot. When planting new Cartland seedlings, the cultivation medium should be thoroughly disinfected. For ramet Cartland, the wound should be disinfected every time it is cut, and the blade can be disinfected with alcohol or potassium hydroxide. It can also be prevented by spraying plants with 1000 times the mixture of phosphorous acid and potassium hydroxide (1:1), once a month, 2 times 3 times.

The diseased plants should be cleaned in time. In the early stage of the disease, 10% Bordeaux solution or 0.2% copper sulfate solution can be sprayed; during the onset period, 50% carbendazim 1000 times, or 65% Dysen zinc 500 times, or 50% chlorothalonil 500 times solution plus 0.2% washing powder can be sprayed on the whole plant.

2. Identification and control of Botrytis cinerea

Identification: Botrytis cinerea mainly affects Cartland's flowers. In the early stage of the disease, water-stained dots will appear on the petals or calyx petals, and the color will gradually become dark brown. The disease spot will not expand in non-high humidity, resulting in the flowers withering ahead of time.

Control methods: in cultivation, we should pay attention to ventilation, increase light, and the application of water and fertilizer should not be too much. Once it is found that the flowers are infected with the disease, the infected plants should be cut off, isolated or burned immediately, and other healthy plants should be carried out preventive disinfection. At the time of onset, 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution and 50% Sukeling 1000 times solution can be sprayed and used in rotation every 7 days for about 1 month. It can also be sprayed with 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder 1000 times, or 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 1000 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 800x solution.

3. Identification and prevention of anthrax.

Identification: anthrax mainly affects the leaves of Cartland. Invaded by the leaf tip or wound, light-colored sunken spots were produced on the leaves at the initial stage of the disease, and then the spots gradually became round, and the color of the spots gradually deepened until dark brown. Small concentric round particles will be produced at the lesion. In serious cases, it will cause the leaves to dry up and fall off. If the bud is infected, it cannot open; if the flower is infected, it will wither ahead of time.

Prevention and control methods: improve the cultivation environment, increase light and ventilation, and reduce air humidity. Proper application of fertilizer with high calcium content can enhance the resistance of the plant. The diseased leaves should be cut off in time and the wound should be smeared with fungicides. At the initial stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times, or 50% anthrax Fumi wettable powder 500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times, or 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder 800 times.

4. Identification and control of bacterial soft rot.

Identification: mainly affected the leaves and pseudobulbs of Cartland. After the leaf infection, there are water-like spots, showing a translucent shape, and rapidly expanding, resulting in the decay of the whole leaf, turning dark brown, accompanied by stench. Beware of leaf or pseudobulb infection, the whole plant will rot and die quickly.

Prevention and treatment: when planting, the plant should not be placed too close, so as to avoid collision to form a wound. At the same time, it is necessary to increase ventilation, reduce air humidity and reduce stagnant water in leaves. Preventive spraying can be carried out with 1000 times of tetracycline soluble powder, or 1000 times of 75% copper hydroxide wettable powder, or 1000 times of 50% carbendan wettable powder.

(2) in terms of pest control, it mainly controls insect pests such as shell insects, thrips, slugs, nematodes, red spiders and whitefly.

1. Control of scale insects: the scale insects are mainly parasitic on Cartland's leaves and pseudobulbs and feed on plant sap, resulting in leaf withering and shedding and death of the whole plant. Once pests occur, clean the leaves and plants in time and scrub them gently with alcohol or vinegar. It can also be treated with 1000 times of 40% omethoate EC, 1000 times of 50% marathon emulsion, or 1000 times of 40% prednisone emulsion.

2. Prevention and control of thrips: thrips are mainly parasitic on the overlapping petals of Cartland, and may also be parasitic on heart leaves, and the damage is the most serious at flowering stage. Flowers may deform and wither ahead of time after being encroached upon. When insect pests occur, 40% omethoate EC 1000 times, or 35% Baike pine wettable powder 1000 times, or 40% prednisone emulsion 1000 times can be used for control.

3. Slugs: slugs are mainly parasitic in the cultivation medium, like dark and humid environment, are most active in the rainy season, and like to eat young tissues and organs of plants, such as young leaves, new buds, buds and so on. In the process of cultivation, weeds should be cleared in time, humidity should be controlled and the incidence of disease should be reduced.

4. Nematode control: nematodes mainly invade from the roots of Cartland, and then invade other parts such as leaves and pseudobulbs. The roots of plants invaded by nematodes are prone to root nodules, root necrosis and stem and leaf atrophy. The prevention and control of nematodes is mainly based on prevention. Before planting, soak the medium with 0.5%-1% potassium permanganate 1000 times solution, wash it with clean water, and then use it after drying. After the occurrence of insect pests, 10% gram linling granules can be used to kill nematodes.

5. Control of red spiders: red spiders are mainly parasitic on the back of leaves and like to eat leaves. When the damage is serious, the leaves can wither and fall off. This pest occurs most seriously when it is hot and humid. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a well-ventilated cultivation environment. After the occurrence of insect pests, it can be sprayed on the back of leaves with 1000 times EC, 1500 times new acaricidal emulsion, or 1000 times omethoate.

6. control of whitefly: the whitefly mainly harms the leaves of the plant, likes to eat the leaves, usually feeds on the back of the leaves, and the injured leaves are grayish white and dry and fall off when they are serious. After the occurrence of insect pests, 40% omethoate EC 1500 times, or 2.5% dimethoate EC 2500 times, or 10% Dolabal suspension 2000 times solution can be used to kill insects.

In short, in the process of cultivating Cartland, we should have a comprehensive and detailed understanding and grasp of the cultivation environment, facilities, cultivation media, water and fertilizer management and pest control techniques, so that even if there are any problems in the cultivation process, can deal with freely, so as to cultivate the best orchids.

.