When will the peach tree be planted?

Peach is a small deciduous tree of the rose family. The flowers are ornamental, the fruit is juicy, raw or preserved peach, canned, etc., and the nucleolus can also be eaten. There are a variety of varieties, nectarine peel smooth, flat peach fruit is flat plate-shaped, blue peach is an ornamental peach tree, widely cultivated in various provinces and regions of our country. Let's take a look at when the peach tree will be planted.

Planting time of peach trees

The planting of peach trees can be divided into autumn and spring. Autumn seeds are generally planted after falling leaves in autumn (in fact, it should enter winter). It is better for a period of time before the soil is frozen, and there is basically no time to slow seedlings, which is beneficial to sprouting earlier in spring. The growth of the tree is also more vigorous than that planted in spring. Spring seed is usually after the land is thawed in spring and before peach sprouting, because it takes some time for the root system to grow after planting, which is equivalent to slow seedling, and the early growth will be a little slower, but beyond the low temperature in winter, it will not cause freezing damage. Autumn seeds in cold areas in the north sometimes occur cold injury such as striping, resulting in dead seedlings, and so on, some places are easy to lose trees, spring planting can also be used.

Grafting time of peach trees

The best time for peach tree grafting is mid-March in spring, followed by the first and middle September in autumn, which is easy to produce glue too early, and it is not easy to survive if the temperature is too late, but most farmers like grafting in spring and summer. Spring grafting is usually from the middle of February to the end of April, when the moisture of the rootstock has risen, it can be cut at 8cm from the ground, and the variety scion can be grafted by cutting method, and the survival rate of this method can reach more than 95%. Summer grafting is from mid-May to early August, when the sap flow is exuberant, peach trees sprout and spread leaves, and the new buds are not yet full, which is a good time for bud grafting.

Cultivation techniques of Peach trees

1. Raising seedlings: the seedlings used as rootstocks are coring when the height of the seedlings is 25cm to 30cm, so that the seedlings can be thickened. By the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, they can reach the thickness needed for rootstocks when grafting. Transplantation should be carried out after defoliation in early spring or autumn. Young seedlings can be transplanted with bare roots or stained with mud, while large seedlings need to be transplanted with soil balls. The cultivation of large seedlings needs shaping and pruning to form a skeleton. Many peach trees are shaped into natural cup-shaped crowns and natural happy crowns.

2. Planting: the row spacing of planted plants is 4 × 5 meters or 3 × 4 meters, with 500,840 plants per hectare. The planting period can be from after falling leaves to before sprouting. Peach orchards can not be continuous cropping, otherwise the growth of young trees is obviously weak, the leaves lose green, the new roots turn brown and bifurcate, and the branches flow gum. This taboo continuous cropping phenomenon is serious in sandy soil or upper soil with low fertility, mainly because the residual roots of previous cropping decompose in the soil to produce toxic substances such as benzaldehyde and cyanic acid, which inhibit and poison the roots. at the same time, it is also related to the proliferation and accumulation of nematodes in the soil during continuous cropping.

3. Fertilization: the requirement ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for peach is about 1 ∶ 0.5 ∶ 1. Young trees should pay attention to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause overgrowth. Increase the application of nitrogen fertilizer after the full fruit period to strengthen the tree potential. The content of potassium in peach fruit is 3.2 times that of nitrogen. With the application of potassium fertilizer, the yield of peach fruit is high. Results the tree was fertilized three times a year, and the base fertilizer was applied in combination with soil deep ploughing from October to November, mainly organic fertilizer, accounting for 50% of the annual fertilizer application. Strong fruit fertilizer was applied in the hard core period from late April to May. Potassium fertilizer was mainly applied to early maturing species, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounted for 15%, 20% and 40% of the whole year, respectively. Fruit-picking fertilizer is applied before and after fruit harvest, accounting for 15-20% of the whole year. In addition, peach orchards need regular ploughing and weeding to keep the soil loose and drain water in time to prevent stagnant water from rotting roots.

4. Shaping: peach trees are mostly shaped into natural open hearts, with a fixed stem height of about 60 cm, leaving 3-4 main cinnamon, an opening angle of 50-60 °for the main branch, and 1-2 secondary branches for each main branch, leaving as few branchlets on the main branch and secondary main branch as possible. The pruning period includes winter pruning and summer pruning. Although the first fruiting tree (3 ~ 4 years after planting) has borne fruit, it has exuberant growth, many long branches and dense branches. It is necessary to adopt summer pruning measures such as wiping buds, coring and twisting branches, so as to suppress the strong and help the weak, maintain tree balance, and peach trees in full fruiting period. Due to many years of fruit, the tree potential has eased, the proportion of long branches and secondary branches decreased significantly, the proportion of medium and short fruit branches increased, mainly short branches, and the over-dense branches and top strong branches should be deleted. To improve the light conditions between the shoots, it is necessary to renew the weak branches in time.