A brief introduction to the varieties of bonsai with golden marbles

Golden marbles, also known as black tower, are also known as bottle-shaped flowers and fragrant orchids (details). They are evergreen shrubs or small trees of the persimmon family, with black branches, spines, oval leaves, dark green and shiny.

Golden marbles

Most of the golden marbles are dioecious, occasionally monoecious, with blue-and-white flowers, like a bottle hanging from a branch, blooming in April and a large number of male plants. There are 3 to 5 corymbose inflorescences in the leaf axils of each short branch, with hairs above, the flower stalk is only 1 cm long, the flower is small, there are no green sepals at the base, and the stamens in the bottle-shaped Corolla can be seen. Pollen emanates after maturity and falls off after flowering. The female plant has a small number of flowers, there are only 1 or 2 leaf axils of each short branch, the flower stalk is about 3 cm long, the flower shape is slightly larger, there are 4 large green sepals at the base, there are no stamens in the bottle-shaped Corolla, and there will be no pollen after maturity. The fruit is oval, spherical and gourd-shaped, and the single fruit weighs 5 to 20 grams, which is green at the beginning, and gradually turns orange-red after ripening in September. Its viewing period is very long, it does not fall through winter, and can last until New Year's Day and Spring Festival, the fresh fruit is still full of branches.

Rare hanging fruit golden marble bonsai golden marble, scientific name Diospyrosarmata, alias bottle orchid, thorn persimmon, bottle orchid, persimmon family persimmon semi-evergreen or evergreen shrub. The golden marble stem is strong and straight, natural Qiu qu, color such as iron, suitable for making stump bonsai. The golden marble blossoms in April, the flower is shaped like a bottle, fragrant and orchid, so it is also called "bottle orchid"; after flowering in May, the green fruit becomes orange or orange, shaped like a bullet, so it is called "golden marble". The fruit lasts for a long time until the next spring; the leaves are dark green and leathery: they are ornamental flowers with beautiful fruits, flowers and leaves. The stump bonsai of golden marbles is of high economic value. 1. Differences in origin and varieties of golden marbles are distributed and cultivated in East, South and Central China. Now the golden marbles in Sichuan and Hubei are mainly listed and exhibited, but the golden marbles in Sichuan are different. There are many small fruits in Sichuan. As long as they reach the cultivation age, very small pile heads (small, miniature bonsai) can also hang fruit in the basin. Hubei golden billiard is divided into big leaf, middle leaf and leaflet, big leaf fruit is small, middle leaf fruit is big, small leaf fruit. Some small pile heads have been cultivated for many years and rarely blossom and bear fruit. Hubei golden marbles are the largest, especially without falling leaves in winter. every year from New Year's Day to the Spring Festival, hanging fruit golden marbles change from green to red in the green leaves, red and green, dried iron Qiu branches, full of vitality. Second, how to identify the dioecious plants of golden marbles because of dioecious plants, there are two kinds of potted golden marbles: hanging fruit and not hanging fruit. After years of observation and research, the author can not accurately determine the male and female of the tree stump from the analysis of tree shape, trunk skin color, leaf shape, leaf color and leaf vein. Only by observing the flowers of golden marbles can we accurately distinguish between male and female. The male plant blossoms with more than two flowers under each leaf bud, the flower is like a small lantern, the pedicel is claw-free, and the flower opens with male stamens and pollen. The female plant has only one or two flowers under each leaf bud, which is larger than the male flower. The four-leaf flower claw wraps the flower heart as a triangle. After blooming, the flower claw opens like a persimmon flower, and young fruit can be seen inside the flower. 3. Reproduction, cultivation and management of golden marbles 1. Sowing and reproduction: after the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the ripe fruits are picked, and the seeds are washed and dried. In early April, after soaking in hot water for 48 hours or so, they are picked up and placed in a leaky container and covered with double gauze. Like long bean sprouts, pour fresh water on the seeds once a day until the seeds open and germinate, and then sow it on the prepared seedbed. After routine management, seeding seedlings can be used to make small bonsai after three years. 2. Cutting with female branches, no matter the new branches or the old ones, can be cut alive. The key to inserting work is to pay attention to the season, that is, the middle of April. Secondly, it is necessary to ensure the moist environment of the inserting bed and the freshness of the cuttings. If there are conditions, you can put the inserting bed in an all-sunshine place, spray it during the day and stop at night. If there are no conditions, the cutter can be placed in an open, ventilated, half-yin and half-yang place, and spraying with a sprayer four times a day can ensure the survival of golden marble cutting skills. Use cuttings to make small bonsai and hang fruit after three years. 3. Dig up old piles in the mountains: from November to April of the following year. Under the premise of protecting the natural ecological environment, professionals can dig up the mountain in a planned way. The old pile down the mountain is soaked in clean water for two hours, and then the pile head is deeply buried with sand to pour through the fixed root water. after that, as long as the environment is moist, the branches can grow to one meter, and the next March can be dug up, trimmed, and shaped, and it will become a pot of tree stump bonsai in three to four years. 4. Routine maintenance and management. The shape of the golden marbles can be shaped with wire to shape the trunk and main branches. The future management will be dominated by pruning and hanging as a supplement. The upper basin can be prepared with the ratio of river sand, rotten leaf soil and loess at 4:4:2, pour water once after planting, and keep it in a cool place for half a month, then it can be managed normally. After the new buds are issued, the rotten fertilizer liquid is poured once a month, and the ratio of fertilizer liquid to water is 1MUMAL 10, so as to fertilize more in spring and autumn, less in summer, and no in winter. Watering should make the basin soil wet and water thoroughly every night in summer. In spring, autumn and winter, if the basin soil is not dry or irrigated, it must be watered thoroughly. 5. Hanging fruit culture: because golden marbles are dioecious, it is necessary to try to make male plants blossom next to female plants during flowering, so as to naturally pollinate and improve the rate of hanging fruit. If no male plant blossoms next to the female plant, artificial pollination can be carried out. When the female plant has fallen, the fruit has been hung on the pedicel, at this time, it can be sprayed twice every half a month to increase the fruit setting rate. In the ninth month of the lunar calendar, urea water can be sprayed twice to make the fruit big and shiny. The golden marbles cultivated and managed in this way, from October to February of the following year, have luxuriant branches and branches of red fruit, which can give people a sense of harvest, joy, peace and beauty. Responsible editor: Yuhuagu golden marble bonsai sells well in Xiangfan

In the Fancheng District Flower and Bird Market in Xiangfan City, Hubei Province, in the Xiangtie Horticultural Bonsai Garden run by Zhang Guohu and Zhang Guobao brothers, there are more than 500 pots of bonsai, including more than 120 pots of golden marbles hanging fruit. Boss Zhang Guobao said that from last year to the Spring Festival, New Year's Day sold more than 400 pots of golden marbles, the largest pot was 2000 yuan ~ 5000 yuan, the medium was 200 yuan ~ 500 yuan, and the small one was 80 yuan ~ 100 yuan. On September 12 this year, the Zhang brothers bought more than 200 pots of gold marbles from Chengdu, Sichuan, and by mid-October they had sold more than 130 pots, with good results. Boss Zhang said that the really good business is from New Year's Day to the Spring Festival. There are plenty of fruits and there is no worry about selling them. He plans to buy another batch of golden marbles to supply New Year's Day and the Spring Festival market. The picture shows Zhang Guobao (front row, first from right) introducing the varieties and management methods of golden marbles to customers. (photo report by Zhao Huali and Guo Fangzhi)