High-yield planting techniques of water chestnut

Chestnut is also known as horseshoe, water chestnut, chestnut, black taro, Cardamine, pear and so on. it is a cluster aquatic herb of Cyperaceae, which is eaten with underground bulbs, crisp meat and rich starch, which can be used as fruits or vegetables. it can also be made into canned or starch and candied fruit, which is favored by consumers. Let's take a look at the high-yield planting technology of water chestnut.

Distribution of producing area of water chestnut

Water chestnuts are native to India. There are about 150 species of water chestnuts in the world, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Cultivation has been recorded in China since the Western Han Dynasty. At present, there are more than 20 species and some varieties, mainly distributed in low-lying areas such as Guangxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Guizhou, and also in some areas of Hebei. Baihu Town, Lujiang County, Anhui Province is rich in high-quality water chestnuts, which is the largest "hometown of water chestnuts" in China. Qingshan Town, Lipu County, Guilin City, Guangxi is a nationally recognized "hometown of horseshoes". Lechang water chestnut in Shaoguan area of Guangdong Province is famous for its large size, thin skin, tender meat, sufficient moisture, sweetness, no residue and crispness and delicacy. In addition, Maoli Town, Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province is also a producing area of water chestnuts, which has been sold overseas and famous.

Growth environment of water chestnut

Water chestnuts are born in ponds or cultivated in paddy fields. Bulbs, also known as fruit balls, are used for asexual reproduction. Like warm, wet and cold, it is suitable to grow in loam where the plough layer is soft and the subsoil is solid. In cultivation, a ploughing layer of 20 cm to 25 cm is required, which is not only conducive to the growth and development of the corm, but also does not cause the corm to drill deep, and the ontogeny is uniform and uniform, and it is also conducive to digging. The plough layer is too sticky, which is not conducive to the expansion of the corm, too much humus, lower sugar content of the corm and poor sweetness. It is suitable to grow in shallow water. In terms of nutritional requirements, it requires less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphate fertilizer. Adequate light is required throughout the growing period.

Seedling raising techniques of water chestnut

1. Seed chestnut selection: water chestnut is propagated through stolons. Before sowing, the epidermis is undamaged, the lateral buds of the terminal buds are strong and sound, the skin is dark brown, the single corm weight is more than 15 grams, and the bulbs with the characteristics of the cultivated varieties are used as seeds. Soaking in 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times solution for 24 hours before sowing, kill surface bacteria, about 15 million 20 kilograms per mu of field.

2. Seedling raising time: the seedling raising time of water chestnut depends on the transplanting period. Because of the low temperature in the early stage, the early water water chestnut began to raise seedlings 40-45 days before transplanting (from late March to early April), and the late water water chestnut seedlings were raised 20-25 days before transplanting because of the higher temperature. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, seedlings are usually raised during the Qingming Festival to Grain Rain. Indoor sprouting is carried out before breeding, and then planting and pseudo-planting are carried out in paddy fields.

3. Cardamine seed sprouting: the indoor method of sprouting is to spread a layer of straw of about 10 centimeters on the ground, arrange the seed shepherd buds upward on the straw, stack them with 3 or 4 layers of straw, and then cover the straw with water every morning and evening. 10 days later, when the buds grow to 3 centimeters, you can transplant the seedlings to the seedling field for planting.

4. Seedling field preparation: seedling fields should be ploughed, raked and leveled in places where drainage and irrigation are convenient and fertile and loose, and furrows should be left around them and ridges should be built, because during this period, the nutrition of water chestnut growth mainly comes from water chestnut bulbs, and seedling fields generally do not need fertilization.

5. Planting and raising seedlings: the bulbs that promote budding are discharged into the seedling pond one by one, and the bulbs are pressed into the mud, the row spacing is 6 × 6 cm, the bud head is required to be up and up, high and low, and the water layer is kept at 1 cm in the field. After 15-20 days, when the seedling is about 10 cm high and has 5-6 leafy stems, it can be pseudo-planted.

6. False planting of water chestnut: false planting of water chestnut is to separate the seedlings, expand its row spacing, and facilitate centralized fertilization and management, which is mainly the need of planting water chestnut with rape stubble or wheat stubble in the south. The specific method of pseudo-planting is that 20-25 days after planting, the corms of 10 cm and 15 cm leafy stems are transplanted into the water chestnut seedling field and planted into the corms according to the row spacing of 30 cm × 40 cm, which is not only beneficial to rooting, but also expand the nutritional area of the seedlings.

7. Seedling management: it is best to maintain a shallow water layer of 2cm to 3cm in the seedling field after the water chestnut seedling is moved, which can increase the soil temperature and promote the growth of the seedling. About 15 days after seedling transfer, 20 kg of N, P and K ternary compound fertilizer was applied per mu, which should not be concentrated near the root so as not to burn the root of the seedling. After 30-40 days, when the seedling height is 35-40 cm and the leafy stem is more than 0.5 cm in diameter, the seedlings can be planted in the field.

Planting techniques of water chestnut

1. Soil preparation and fertilization: it is best to choose paddy fields with sufficient sunshine, loose topsoil, solid subsoil, about 20 cm plough layer, adequate water source, convenient irrigation and clean water. Before planting, the field should be ploughed about 15 cm deep, and then applied with base fertilizer. The reference standard of fertilization is to apply 3000 kg of rotten pig manure, 30 kg of calcium superphosphate, 10 kg of potassium chloride and 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu, and finally rake the soil into mud paste.